κρίνω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[separate]], [[choose]], [[select]], [[decide]], [[judge]], [[condemn]], [[accuse]], [[apply]] (Il.); <b class="b3">ὑπο-κρίνομαι</b> [[aswer]] (Il.), <b class="b2">on the stage answer (the choir), be actor</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> κρίνω [[answer]] (Att.).<br />Other forms: (Thess. [[κρεννέμεν]]), aor. [[κρῖναι]] (Lesb. [[κρίνναι]]), pass. [[κριθῆναι]] (ep. also [[κρινθήμεναι]]; metr. easy, s. Schwyzer 761, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404), perf. midd. [[κέκριμαι]], act. [[κέκρικα]] (Pl. Lg.), fut. [[κρινῶ]], ep. Ion. [[κρινέω]], Dor. <b class="b3">-ίω</b>.<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> etc..<br />Derivatives: 1. (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> etc.) [[κρίσις]] [[decision]], [[judgement]], [[tribunal etc.]] (Pi., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 103 f.) with [[κρίσιμος]] [[decisive]], [[critical]] (Hp., Arist.; Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 53f.), <b class="b3">ἀποκρισιά-ριος</b> [[secretary]] (pap. VIp). - 2. (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">σύν-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-)κρίμα</b> <b class="b2">decision etc.</b> (hell.), [[κρῖμα]] = [[κρεῖμα]] (A. Supp. 397; s. below); [[σύγκριμα]] [[body formed by combining]] (hell.) with [[συγκριμάτιον]] [[small body]] (M. Ant.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> (Gal.). - 3. (<b class="b3">ἀν-)κριτήρ</b> [[judge]], [[examiner]] (Dor.), [[κριντήρ]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gortyn), [[κριτής]] [[judge]], [[arbiter]] (Ion. Att.), often from the prefixcompp., e.g. [[ὑποκριτής]] <b class="b2">actor etc.</b> (Att.; Else WienStud. 72, 75ff.); [[κριτήριον]] <b class="b2">(decisive) mark, tribunal</b> (Att., Arg.), [[ἐπι]]-̃ [[court of justice]] (Creta); [[ἐγκριτήριος]] [[for admission]] (Corinth IIp); further see [[κριτήρ]], <b class="b3">-τής</b>, <b class="b3">-τήριον</b> in Fraenkel Nom. ag. [s. Index]. - 4. [[κριτός]] <b class="b2">selected, </b> (Il.; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 21) with [[Κρίτων]], [[Κρίτυλλα]] (Leumann Glotta 32, 225 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 250 A. 2); <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">σύγ-κριτος</b> etc. (IA.); (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> )[[κριτικός]] [[of the κρίσις]] (Pl., Arist.). - 5. <b class="b3">-κριδόν</b>, e.g. [[διακριδόν]] [[separated]] (Il.), [[διακριδά]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Opp.). - 6. On [[κρίμνον]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [945] <b class="b2">*krei-</b>separate, distinguish<br />Etymology: The present [[κρίνω]] from <b class="b3">*κριν-ι̯ω</b> (unlessinnovated to the aorist [[κρῖναι]]; Schwyzer 694) has a nasal suffix, which originally belonged only to the present, but was later extended; as in [[κλίνω]]. - To the nasal present Latin and Celtic have agreements in <b class="b2">cer-n-ō</b> [[select]], [[discern]] (< <b class="b2">*kri-n-ō</b>), Welsh [[go-grynu]] [[sieve]] (< IE. <b class="b2">*upo-kri-n-ō</b>). Also the verbal adj. [[κριτός]] has a direct agreement in Lat. [[certus]] [[decided]], [[certain]]; further the languages behave diff.: the lengthened grade in (<b class="b2">dē)crē-v-ī</b>, <b class="b2">ex-crē-mentum</b> [[separation]] perhaps in the isolated [[κρησέρα]] [[feines Sieb]] (s. v.; improbable). The Greek paradigm results from large-scale levelling; only Att. [[κρῖμα]] for older [[κρεῖμα]] (after [[κρίνω]], [[κρῖναι]]) = Lat. <b class="b2">dis-crī-men</b> still has the full grade preserved (Wackernagel Unt. 76 n. 1, Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133 ff.). - The numerous nominal formations, especially in Latin, Celtic and Germanic (e. g. Lat. [[crībrum]] [[sieve]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[hrains]] [[pure]], prop. [[sieved]]), learn nothing for Greek. Details in Pok. 946, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[cernō]].