πιστεύω: Difference between revisions

|txtha=[[imperfect]] ἐπίστευον; [[future]] πιστεύσω; 1st aorist ἐπίστευσα; [[perfect]] πεπίστευκα; pluperfect ([[without]] [[augment]], cf. Winer's Grammar, § 12,9; (Buttmann, 33 (29))) πεπιστεύκειν (πεπίστευμαι; 1st aorist ἐπιστεύθην; ([[πιστός]]); the Sept. for הֶאֱמִין; in classical Greek from Aeschyl, [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]], [[Thucydides]] down; to [[believe]], i. e.<br /><b class="num">1.</b> intransitive, to [[think]] to be true; to be persuaded of; to [[credit]], [[place]] [[confidence]] in;<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[universally]]: the [[thing]] believed [[being]] [[evident]] from the [[preceding]] context, L T Tr WH ὁ for ᾧ), to [[credit]], [[have]] [[confidence]], followed by [[ὅτι]], τίνι, to [[believe]] [[one]]'s words, τίνι [[ὅτι]], τῷ ψεύδει, [[περί]] τίνος, [[ὅτι]], πιστεύειν is used in the N. T. of "the [[conviction]] and [[trust]] to [[which]] a [[man]] is impelled by a [[certain]] [[inner]] and [[higher]] [[prerogative]] and [[law]] of his [[soul]]"; [[thus]] it stands α. [[absolutely]] to [[trust]] in Jesus or in God as [[able]] to [[aid]] [[either]] in [[obtaining]] or in doing [[something]]: [[ὅτι]], τῷ λόγῳ, ᾧ (ὅν) εἶπεν ὁ [[Ἰησοῦς]], β. of the [[credence]] given to God's messengers and [[their]] words, [[with]] a dative of the [[person]] or [[thing]]: Μωϋσεῖ [[ἐπί]] πᾶσιν [[οἷς]] ἐλάλησαν οἱ προφῆται, to [[place]] [[reliance]] on etc. [[ὅτι]], John 10:(37),38{a}; τοῖς ἔργοις of Christ, τῇ [[ἀλήθεια]], ἐπιστεύθη τό [[μαρτύριον]], the [[testimony]] [[was]] believed, Winer's Grammar, § 39,1a.; Buttmann, 175 (152)); τῇ [[γραφή]], ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, to [[put]] [[faith]] in the gospel, Buttmann, 174 (151 f); cf. Winer's Grammar, 213 (200f)) (Ignatius ad Philad. 8,2 [ET] ([[but]] [[see]] Zahn's [[note]]); cf. γ. [[below]])). γ. used [[especially]] of the [[faith]] by [[which]] a [[man]] embraces Jesus, i. e. "a [[conviction]], [[full]] of [[joyful]] [[trust]], [[that]] Jesus is the Messiah — the [[divinely]] appointed [[author]] of [[eternal]] [[salvation]] in the [[kingdom]] of God, conjoined [[with]] [[obedience]] to Christ": [[πιστεύω]] [[τόν]] [[υἱόν]] τοῦ Θεοῦ [[εἶναι]] Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, ἐπιστεύθη ([[was]] believed on (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 39,1a.; Buttmann, 175 (152))) ἐν κόσμῳ, πιστεύειν [[εἰς]] [[τόν]] Ἰησοῦν, [[εἰς]] [[τόν]] [[υἱόν]] τοῦ Θεοῦ, etc., is [[very]] [[common]]; [[properly]], to [[have]] a [[faith]] directed [[unto]], [[believing]] or in [[faith]] to [[give]] [[oneself]] up to, Jesus, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 213 (200f); (Buttmann, 174 (151))): R G L Tr [[text]]); R G,R G L); [[εἰς]] τό [[φῶς]], [[εἰς]] τό [[ὄνομα]] [[αὐτοῦ]], τῷ ὀνόματι [[αὐτοῦ]], to [[commit]] [[oneself]] [[trustfully]] to the [[name]] ([[see]] [[ὄνομα]], 2, p. 448a), ἐπ' αὐτόν, [[ἐπί]] [[τόν]] κύριον, to [[have]] a [[faith]] directed toward, etc. ([[see]] [[ἐπί]], C. I:2g. α., p. 235b (cf. Winer's Grammar, and Buttmann, as [[above]], [[also]] Buttmann, § 147,25)): T Tr [[text]] WH; L [[text]]; ἐπ' [[αὐτῷ]], to [[build]] [[one]]'s [[faith]] on, to [[place]] [[one]]'s [[faith]] [[upon]] ([[see]] [[ἐπί]], B. 2a.γ., p. 233 a; Buttmann, as [[above]]): ἐν [[αὐτῷ]], to [[put]] [[faith]] in him, L marginal [[reading]]; cf. T Tr WH [[also]] ([[who]] [[probably]] [[connect]] ἐν [[αὐτῷ]] [[with]] the [[following]] ἔχῃ; cf. Westcott's Commentary at the [[passage]], Meyer, others)) (cf. [[πιστεύειν]] ἐν τίνι [[means]] to [[put]] [[confidence]] in [[one]], to [[trust]] [[one]]; (cf. β. at the [[end]])); ἐν [[τούτῳ]] πιστεύομεν, on [[this]] rests [[our]] [[faith]] (A. V. by [[this]] we [[believe]]), τῷ κυρίῳ, to ([[yield]] [[faith]] to) [[believe]] (cf. B. 173 (151)): R G L Tr marginal [[reading]]; [[τούτῳ]] [[before]] οὗ in to [[trust]] in Christ (God), [[διά]] τίνος, [[through]] [[one]]'s [[agency]] to be brought to [[faith]], [[διά]] Ἰησοῦ [[εἰς]] Θεόν, R G Tr marginal [[reading]]; [[διά]] τῆς [[χάριτος]], [[διά]] τοῦ λόγου αὐτῶν [[εἰς]] [[ἐμέ]], [[διά]] τί, [[πιστεύω]] followed by [[ὅτι]] [[with]] a [[sentence]] in [[which]] [[either]] the [[nature]] and [[dignity]] of Christ or his blessings are [[set]] [[forth]]: R G; μοι [[ὅτι]], τί, [[πιστεύω]] σωθῆναι, πιστεύειν is used [[emphatically]], of those [[who]] [[acknowledge]] Jesus as the [[saviour]] and [[devote]] [[themselves]] to him: L adds [[αὐτῷ]]); ἐξ ὅλης καρδίας added, [[with]] a dative of [[instrumentality]] [[καρδία]], οἱ πιστεύοντες, as a [[substantive]]: [[who]] are on the [[point]] of [[believing]], ἐπίστευσα (marking [[entrance]] [[into]] a [[state]]; [[see]] [[βασιλεύω]], at the [[end]]), I became a believer, a Christian (A. V. believed): [[ἐπί]] [[τόν]] κύριον ([[see]] [[above]]), πιστεύσας, ὁ πιστεύσας, οἱ πεπιστευκότες, [[they]] [[that]] [[have]] believed ([[have]] [[become]] believers): [[πιστεύω]] [[see]] Westcott on τό πιστεύειν [[εἰς]] Χριστόν, the [[prominent]] [[element]] is the [[grace]] of God toward sinners as manifested and pledged (and to be laid [[hold]] of by [[faith]]) in Jesus, [[particularly]] in his [[death]] and [[resurrection]], as appears [[especially]] in πιστεύειν is used by John of [[various]] degrees of [[faith]], from its [[first]] beginnings, its [[incipient]] [[stirring]] [[within]] the [[soul]], up to the fullest [[assurance]], (cf. references [[under]] the [[word]] [[πίστις]], at the [[end]]). is applied [[also]] to the [[faith]] by [[which]] [[one]] is persuaded [[that]] Jesus [[was]] [[raised]] from the [[dead]], inasmuch as by [[that]] [[fact]] God [[declared]] him to be his Son and the Messiah: πιστεύσῃς ἐν τῇ [[καρδία]] [[σου]] [[ὅτι]] ὁ Θεός αὐτόν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν σωθήσῃ, Buttmann, § 133,19). Since according to the [[conception]] of Christian [[faith]] Christ [[alone]] is the [[author]] of [[salvation]], ὁ πιστεύων repudiates [[all]] the [[various]] things [[which]] [[aside]] from Christ are commended as [[means]] of [[salvation]] ([[such]] e. g. as [[abstinence]] from [[flesh]] and [[wine]]), and understands [[that]] [[all]] things are [[lawful]] to him [[which]] do [[not]] [[lead]] him [[away]] from Christ; [[hence]], πιστεύει ([[τίς]]) [[φαγεῖν]] πάντα, hath [[faith]] to [[eat]] [[all]] things or so [[that]] he eats [[all]] things, Winer's Grammar, § 44,3b.; per contra Buttmann, 273 f (235)). δ. πιστεύειν used in [[reference]] to God has [[various]] senses: αα. it denotes the [[mere]] [[acknowledgment]] of his [[existence]]: [[ὅτι]] ὁ Θεός [[εἷς]] ἐστιν, [[εἰς]] Θεόν, τῷ Θεῷ, [[ἐπί]] [[τόν]] Θεόν, [[τήν]] ἀγάπην, ἥν [[ἔχει]] ὁ Θεός, [[εἰς]] [[τήν]] μαρτυρίαν, ἥν κτλ., ββ. to [[trust]]: τῷ Θεῷ, God [[promising]] a [[thing]], [[κατέναντι]]); [[ὅτι]], ε. πιστεύειν is used in an [[ethical]] [[sense]], of [[confidence]] in the [[goodness]] of men: ἡ [[ἀγάπη]] πιστεύει πάντα, τό πιστεύειν is opposed to [[ἰδεῖν]], ὁρᾶν, ibid. and Theophilus ad Autol. 1,7 at the [[end]]), cf. διακρίνεσθαι, ὁμολογεῖν, τίνι τί, to [[intrust]] a [[thing]] to [[one]], i. e. to his [[fidelity]]: ἑαυτόν τίνι, πιστεύομαι τί, to be intrusted [[with]] a [[thing]]: Ignatius ad Philad. 9 [ET]; examples from [[secular]] authors are given in Winer's Grammar, § 39,1a.). On the grammatical [[construction]] of the [[word]] cf. Buttmann, § 133,4 (and the summaries in Ellicott on Cremer, [[under]] the [[word]]). It does [[not]] [[occur]] in Revlation, [[nor]] in Philemon, 2 Peter, 2,3John (Cf. the references [[under]] the [[word]] [[πίστις]], at the [[end]].)