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ῥάκος: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=rakos | |Transliteration C=rakos | ||
|Beta Code=r(a/kos | |Beta Code=r(a/kos | ||
|Definition=[ | |Definition=[ᾰ], εος, τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[ragged]], [[tattered garment]], δὸς ῥάκος ἀμφιβαλέσθαι Od. 6.178, cf. 13.434, 14.342,349 (never in Il.); <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ἱματίου μὲν ἔχειν ῥάκος</b> Ar.''Pl.''540; ῥ. φορεῖ Antiph.204.6, ''PPetr.''3p.115 (iii B.C.), cf. Philem. 146: freq. in plural [[ῥάκεα]], Att. [[ῥάκη]], [[rags]], [[tatters]], Od.14.512, 18.67,74, 19.507,al., Hdt.3.129, S.''Ph.''39,274; ἐν ῥάκεσι περιφθείρεσθαι Isoc.''Ep.'' 9.10.<br><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[strip of cloth]], ῥάκεα φοινίκεα Hdt.7.76, cf. ''Ev.Matt.''9.16, Arr.''Tact.''35.3: even a [[strip]] of [[flesh]], <b class="b3">σώματος ῥάκος</b> A.''Pr.'' 1023.<br><span class="bld">3</span> collectively, [[rag]], [[lint]], Hp.''Morb.''2.36; ῥάκη λινᾶ Dsc.5.75.15.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in plural also, [[rents in the face]], [[wrinkles]], Ar.''Pl.''1065.<br><span class="bld">III</span> metaph., [[rag]], [[remnant]], εἰκάσαι τὸ [[ἐρείπιον]] ῥάκει οἰκίας Anon. ap. Arist. ''Rh.''1413a6; of an old seaman, <b class="b3">ἁλίοιο βίου ῥάκος</b> ''AP''9.242 (Antiphil.), cf. 7.380 (Crin.), Luc.''Tim.''32.—The Aeol. form [[βράκος]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), used of a garment, lacks the sense 'ragged'. | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[rag]], [[schred]], [[wrinkles]], [[remnants]] (Od.).<br />Other forms: often pl. [[ῥάκεα]], <b class="b3">-η</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ῥακό-δυτος</b> prop. [[clothed in rags]], [[shabby]] (E. in lyr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. [[ῥάκιον]], pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b> n. (Ar. a.o.); 2. [[ῥακώματα]] pl. = [[ῥάκη]] (Ar.; enlarged, Chantraine Form. 187); 3. [[ἀπορ]]<[[ρ]]>[[ακίσματα]] H. to [[ῥάκη]] (: <b class="b3">*ἀπο-ρρακίζειν</b>); 3. adj. <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ινος</b> (hell. inscr.), <b class="b3">-όεις</b> (AP), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (D. C., AP ) [[tattered]], [[wrinkled]]; 4. Uncertain (spoiled Debrunner IF 23, 14) <b class="b3">ῥακωλέον ῥάκος</b> H. (: [[ῥωγαλέος]] a.o.); 5. Denom. vb. <b class="b3">ῥακ-όομαι</b> [[to become ragged]], [[wrinkled]] (Hp., Plu.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[wrinkling]], [[wrinkledness]] (Sor.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: For [[ῥάκεα]], <b class="b3">-η</b> stands Aeol. <b class="b3">βράκ-εα</b> (Sapph. 57), <b class="b3">-η</b> (Theoc. 28, 11), but in the sense of <b class="b2">(long) ladies</b> garments'; to this <b class="b3">βράκος κάλαμος</b>, <b class="b3">ἱμάτιον πολυτελές</b> H. Other formation: <b class="b3">βράκαλον ῥόπαλον</b>, <b class="b3">βράκετον δρέπανον</b>, [[κλαδευτήριον]] H.; cf. (without dissim.) [[ῥάκετρον]] [[chopping-knife]] (Poll.; [[varia lectio|v.l.]] <b class="b3">ῥάχ-</b> [after [[ῥάχις]]]) with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> [[split]], [[cut through]] (Pl. Com.). The deviating meaning [[ladies]] garments' creates doubt whether [[βράκεα]], <b class="b3">-ος</b> in this sense belong here (s. Belardi Doxa 3, 199 f. with another, very doubtful etymology). The other words can be connected without difficulty with [[ῥάκος]] from [[Ϝράκος]], with [[βράκαλον]] after [[ῥόπαλον]], [[σκύταλον]]; <b class="b3">βράκετ(ρ)ον</b> seems to be a primary nom. instr., which like [[ῥάκος]] presupposes a primary verb, approx. aor. 2. <b class="b3">*ῥακεῖν</b>. -- No connection outside Greek. Old is the comparison with Skt. <b class="b2"> | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[rag]], [[schred]], [[wrinkles]], [[remnants]] (Od.).<br />Other forms: often pl. [[ῥάκεα]], <b class="b3">-η</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ῥακό-δυτος</b> prop. [[clothed in rags]], [[shabby]] (E. in lyr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. [[ῥάκιον]], pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b> n. (Ar. a.o.); 2. [[ῥακώματα]] pl. = [[ῥάκη]] (Ar.; enlarged, Chantraine Form. 187); 3. [[ἀπορ]]<[[ρ]]>[[ακίσματα]] H. to [[ῥάκη]] (: <b class="b3">*ἀπο-ρρακίζειν</b>); 3. adj. <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ινος</b> (hell. inscr.), <b class="b3">-όεις</b> (AP), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (D. C., AP ) [[tattered]], [[wrinkled]]; 4. Uncertain (spoiled Debrunner IF 23, 14) <b class="b3">ῥακωλέον ῥάκος</b> H. (: [[ῥωγαλέος]] a.o.); 5. Denom. vb. <b class="b3">ῥακ-όομαι</b> [[to become ragged]], [[wrinkled]] (Hp., Plu.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[wrinkling]], [[wrinkledness]] (Sor.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: For [[ῥάκεα]], <b class="b3">-η</b> stands Aeol. <b class="b3">βράκ-εα</b> (Sapph. 57), <b class="b3">-η</b> (Theoc. 28, 11), but in the sense of <b class="b2">(long) ladies</b> garments'; to this <b class="b3">βράκος κάλαμος</b>, <b class="b3">ἱμάτιον πολυτελές</b> H. Other formation: <b class="b3">βράκαλον ῥόπαλον</b>, <b class="b3">βράκετον δρέπανον</b>, [[κλαδευτήριον]] H.; cf. (without dissim.) [[ῥάκετρον]] [[chopping-knife]] (Poll.; [[varia lectio|v.l.]] <b class="b3">ῥάχ-</b> [after [[ῥάχις]]]) with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> [[split]], [[cut through]] (Pl. Com.). The deviating meaning [[ladies]] garments' creates doubt whether [[βράκεα]], <b class="b3">-ος</b> in this sense belong here (s. Belardi Doxa 3, 199 f. with another, very doubtful etymology). The other words can be connected without difficulty with [[ῥάκος]] from [[Ϝράκος]], with [[βράκαλον]] after [[ῥόπαλον]], [[σκύταλον]]; <b class="b3">βράκετ(ρ)ον</b> seems to be a primary nom. instr., which like [[ῥάκος]] presupposes a primary verb, approx. aor. 2. <b class="b3">*ῥακεῖν</b>. -- No connection outside Greek. Old is the comparison with Skt. <b class="b2">vrścáti</b> [[hew]], [[fell (trees)]], [[split]], with <b class="b2">yūpa-vrask-á-</b> [[post-cutter]] and the ptc. <b class="b2">vr̥k-ṇá-</b> [[hewn]], [[felled]], which may stand for <b class="b2">*vr̥ṣk-ṇá-</b> and so makes a possible basis <b class="b2">*ur̥k-nó-</b> (= Gr. <b class="b3">*Ϝρακ-</b>) unnecessary. The from this reconstructed IE <b class="b2">*u̯resk-</b>, <b class="b2">*u̯rosk-</b> has a variant in the Slav. word for [[rumple]] (cf. [[ῥάκος]], also [[rumple]]), e.g. Russ.-CSl. [[vraska]] from <b class="b2">*u̯orsk-ā</b>. Toch. A [[wraske]] [[disease]] is phonetically unclear and lies semant. far off. For IE <b class="b2">*u̯resk-</b>, <b class="b2">u̯ersk-</b> one could reconstruct an older <b class="b2">*u̯reḱ-sk-</b>, <b class="b2">*u̯erḱ-sk-</b>, through which the connections with <b class="b2">u̯r̥ḱ-</b> in [[ῥάκος]] would be established. An IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥ḱ-</b> can however be found in the Indo-Iran. word for [[tree]] (prop. *'a felled tree'), Skt. <b class="b2">vr̥kṣá-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">varǝša-</b> m., IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥ḱ-s-o-</b> beside <b class="b2">*u̯r̥ḱ-os-</b> in [[ῥάκος]] (s. Lidén in WP. 1, 286); then we have to abandon <b class="b2">vr̥k-ṇá-</b> < IE <b class="b2">*u̯rk-nó-</b>. -- Cf. WP. [[l.c.]], Pok. 1163 (m. Lit.). Older lit. in Bq. -- Cf. [[ῥίνη]], [[ῥινός]]. | ||
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|ftr='''ῥάκος''': {rhákos}<br />'''Forms''': oft pl. ῥάκεα, -η<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Lumpen]], [[Fetzen]], [[Runzeln]], [[Trümmer]] (seit Od.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied in [[ῥακόδυτος]] eig. [[in Lumpen gekleidet]], [[lumpig]] (E. in lyr.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. Demin. [[ῥάκιον]], pl. -ια n. (Ar. u.a.); 2. ῥακώματα pl. = ῥάκη (Ar.; Erweiterung, Chantraine Form. 187); 3. ἀπορ<ρ>ακίσματα H. zu ῥάκη (: *ἀπορρακίζειν); 3. Adj. [[ῥάκινος]] (hell. Inschr.), -όεις (''AP''), -ώδης (D. C., ''AP'' u.a.) [[zerlumpt]], [[runzelig]]; 4. Unsicher (verderbt Debrunner IF 23, 14) [[ῥακωλέον]] | |ftr='''ῥάκος''': {rhákos}<br />'''Forms''': oft pl. ῥάκεα, -η<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Lumpen]], [[Fetzen]], [[Runzeln]], [[Trümmer]] (seit Od.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied in [[ῥακόδυτος]] eig. [[in Lumpen gekleidet]], [[lumpig]] (E. in lyr.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. Demin. [[ῥάκιον]], pl. -ια n. (Ar. u.a.); 2. ῥακώματα pl. = ῥάκη (Ar.; Erweiterung, Chantraine Form. 187); 3. ἀπορ<ρ>ακίσματα H. zu ῥάκη (: *ἀπορρακίζειν); 3. Adj. [[ῥάκινος]] (hell. Inschr.), -όεις (''AP''), -ώδης (D. C., ''AP'' u.a.) [[zerlumpt]], [[runzelig]]; 4. Unsicher (verderbt Debrunner IF 23, 14) [[ῥακωλέον]]· [[ῥάκος]] H. (: [[ῥωγαλέος]] u.a.); 5. Denom. Vb. ῥακόομαι [[zerfetzt]], [[runzelig werden]] (Hp., Plu. u.a.) mit -ωσις f. [[das Runzeln]], [[Runzeligkeit]] (Sor. u. a.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Für ῥάκεα, -η steht äol. βράκεα (Sapph. 57), -η (Theok. 28, 11), aber im Sinn von ‘(lange) Frauengewänder’; dazu [[βράκος]]· [[κάλαμος]], [[ἱμάτιον]] πολυτελές H. Andere Bildung: [[βράκαλον]]· [[ῥόπαλον]], βράκετον· [[δρέπανον]], [[κλαδευτήριον]] H.; vgl. (ohne Dissim.) [[ῥάκετρον]] [[Hackmesser]] (Poll.; [[varia lectio|v.l.]] ῥάχ- [nach [[ῥάχις]]) mit -ετρίζω [[spalten]], [[durchschneiden]] (Pl. Kom.). Die abweichende Bed. [[Frauengewänder]] ist geeignet, Zweifel an der Zugehörigkeit von βράκεα, -ος in diesem Sinn zu erwecken (s. Belardi Doxa 3, 199 f. mit einer anderen, sehr fraglichen Etymologie). Die übrigen Wörter reihen sich unschwer an [[ῥάκος]] aus ϝράκος, wobei [[βράκαλον]] nach Muster von [[ῥόπαλον]], [[σκύταλον]] geschaffen wurde; [[βράκετ]](ρ)ον scheint ein primäres Nom. instr. zu sein, das wie [[ῥάκος]] ein primäres Verb, etwa Aor. 2. *ῥακεῖν voraussetzt. — Unmittelbare außergriech. Entsprechung fehlt. Alt ist der Vergleich mit aind. ''vrścáti'' ‘hauen, fällen (Bäume), zerhauen, spalten’, wozu ''yūpa''-''vrask''-''á''- [[Pfostenhauer]] und das Ptz. ''vr̥k''-''ṇá''- [[gehauen]], [[gefällt]], das für *''vr̥ṣk''-''ṇá''- stehen kann und mithin eine an sich mögliche idg. Grundform *''ŭr̥k''-''nó''- (= gr. *ϝρακ-) überflüssig macht. Das daraus erschlossene idg. *''u̯resq''-, *''u̯rosq''- hat eine Variante im slav. Wort für [[Runzel]] (vgl. [[ῥάκος]], auch [[Runzel]]), z.B. russ.-ksl. ''vraska'' aus *''u̯orsq''-''ā''. Toch. A ''wraske'' [[Krankheit]] (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 147) ist lautlich mehrdeutig und liegt semantisch fern. Für idg. ''u̯resq''-, ''u̯ersq''- läßt sich ein älteres *''u̯reḱ''-''sq''-, *''u̯erḱ''-''sq''- konstruieren, wodurch die Verbindung mit ''u̯r̥ḱ''- in [[ῥάκος]] hergestellt wäre. Man ist jedoch eher geneigt, an uralte Kreuzungen oder Entgleisungen zu glauben. Ein idg. ''u̯r̥ḱ''- kann indessen im indoiran. Wort für [[Baum]] (eig. *’gefällter Baum'), aind. ''vr̥kṣá''-, aw. ''varəša''- m., idg. *''u̯r̥ḱ''-''s''-''o''- neben *''u̯r̥ḱ''-''os''- in [[ῥάκος]], stecken (s. Lidén bei WP. 1, 286, wo unbegründeter Zweifel); dabei muß man auf ''vr̥k''-''ṇá''- aus idg. *''u̯r̥q''-''nó''- endgültig verzichten. — Weitere, ganz entlegene Anknüpfungen an ''u̯er''- [[aufreißen]] (m. verschiedenen Erweiterungen) bei WP. a.O., Pok. 1163 (m. Lit.). Ältere Lit. auch bei Bq. — Vgl. [[ῥίνη]], [[ῥινός]].<br />'''Page''' 2,640-641 | ||
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