κέντρον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, ([[κεντέω]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> any [[sharp]] [[point]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[horse-goad]], [ἵπποι] ἄνευ κέντροιο θέοντες <span class="bibl">Il.23.387</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">430</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1297</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.29</span>, etc.; διπλοῖς κέντροισι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>809</span>; ὄνειδος ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου μεσολαβεῖ κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>157</span> (lyr.): post-Hom., [[ox-goad]] (Hom. [[βουπλήξ]]), used as an instrument of torture, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.130</span>; κέντροις καὶ μάστιξιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>777a</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], [[πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν]] = [[kick against the pricks]], [[kick against the goads]], [[kick against the goad]], [[offer vain and perilous or ruinous resistance]], [[offer vain and ruinous resistance]], [[resist in vain]] (v. [[λακτίζω]] <span class="bibl">2</span>); δεῖ… κέντρου πολλάκις, οὕτω δὲ καὶ χαλινοῦ Longin.2.2; as a symbol of sovereignty, λαβὼν… χερσὶν κέντρα κηδεύει πόλιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>683</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> metaph., [[goad]], [[spur]], [[incentive]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>124.4</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>691</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ποῦ γὰρ τοσοῦτο κ</b>. <b class="b3">ὡς μητροκτονεῖν</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>427</span>; κέντροις ἔρωτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>39</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">1303</span>; πόθου κέντρον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>573a</span>; κέντρα καὶ ὠδῖνες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>251e</span>; κέντρον ἐγερτικὸν θυμοῦ <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>21</span>; <b class="b3">κέντρα πτολέμοιο</b>, of the Argives, Orac. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Theoc.14.48</span>; <b class="b3">κέντρον ἐμοῦ</b> [[desire for]] me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1039</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., in plural, [[torture]]s, [[pang]]s, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>840</span> (lyr.): sg., τὸ κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου ἡ ἁμαρτία <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>15.56</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[point]] of a [[spear]], <span class="bibl">Plb.6.22.4</span>: pl., of the [[περόναι]] with which Oedipus pierced his eyes, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1318</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[peg]] of a [[top]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 436d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of animals, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> [[sting]] of bees and wasps, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>225</span>, <span class="bibl">407</span> (lyr.), al.; of scorpions, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>683a12</span> (so of the constellation <span class="title">Scorpio</span>, <span class="bibl">Arat.505</span>): hence, metaph., of malicious persons, ἐς τοὺς ἔχοντας κέντρ' ἀφιᾶσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>242</span>; πορεύεται, ὥσπερ σκορπίος, ἠρκὼς τὸ κέντρον <span class="bibl">D.25.52</span>; of Pericles as an orator, τὸ κέντρον ἐγκατέλειπε τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις <span class="bibl">Eup.94.7</span>; of Socrates, ὥσπερ μέλιττα τὸ κέντρον ἐγκαταλιπών <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91c</span>; οἷον ὀφθαλμῷ κ. ἐνθεῖσα <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Im.</span>2.1</span>; <b class="b3">βλέμματος κ</b>. Onomarch. ap. <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[spur]] of a [[cock]], <span class="title">Gp.</span>14.7.17. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[quill]] of the [[porcupine]], <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>12.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> = [[πόσθη]], <span class="bibl">Sotad.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[stationary point of a pair of compasses]], Vitr.3.1.3: generally, [[centre]] of a [[circle]], <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>54e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APr.</span>41b15</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐκ τοῦ κ</b>. (''[[sc.]]'' [[εὐθεῖα]]) [[radius]], <span class="bibl">Euc.<span class="title">Opt.</span> 34</span>; ὥσπερ κύκλον κέντρῳ περιέγραψαν τὴν πόλιν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Rom.</span>11</span>; τὸ κέντρον τᾶς σφαίρας <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.100e</span>; τὸ κέντρον τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>52</span>; <b class="b3">κέντρον βάρεος</b> [[centre]] of [[gravity]], <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aequil.</span>1</span><span class="title">Def.</span>4: metaph., <b class="b3">κ. καὶ διαστήματι περιγράφειν</b> [[circumscribe]], Plu.2.513c, 524f. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[pin]], [[rivet]], <span class="bibl">Paus.10.16.1</span>; [[spur]], [[tip]], for fixing a [[machine]] in the [[ground]], Apollod <span class="title">Poliorc.</span> 144.1. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ῥακτηρίοις κέντροισιν</b>, of [[oar]]s, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>802</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> Astron., [[cardinal point]] on the ecliptic, <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>74</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>5.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.50.18</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> [[hard knot]] in stone, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.2.3</span>; [[flaw]] in crystals, <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>37.28</span>.</span>