κακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[bad]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of persons,<br><span class="bld">1</span> of appearance, [[ugly]], εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Il.10.316, cf. Paus.8.49.3.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of birth, [[ill-born]], [[mean]], γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων... ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Od.4.64; Ζεὺς δ' αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον… ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189; οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415; οὐδ' ἐὰν… φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή S.''OT''1063; <b class="b3">κακός τ' ὢν κἀκ κακῶν</b> ib.1397.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of courage, [[craven]], [[base]], Il.2.365, 6.489; <b class="b3">κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ</b> (called <b class="b3">δειλὸς ἀνήρ</b> in the line above) 13.279; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει 8.153, cf. Od.3.375; κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301; οἵτινες… ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.6.14; κ. καὶ ἄθυμος Id.7.11; <b class="b3">οὐδαμῶν κακίονες</b> ib.104; κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν S.''Ph.''1306; κακή τ' ἐς ἀλκὴν καὶ σίδηρον εἰσορᾶν E.''Med.''264; οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι X.''An.''3.2.31.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[bad]] of his kind, i. e. [[worthless]], [[sorry]], [[unskilled]], ἡνίοχοι Il. 17.487; ([[τοξότης]]) <b class="b3">ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός</b> ib.632; νομῆες Od.17.246; <b class="b3">κ. ἀλήτης</b> a [[bad]] [[beggar]], ib.578; [[ἰατρός]] A.''Pr.''473; [[κυβερνήτης]], [[ναύτης]], E.''Supp.'' 880, ''Andr.''457; μάγειρος Pl.''Phdr.''265e: c. acc. modi, <b class="b3">πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι</b> I am not [[bad]] in all things, Od.8.214; κ. γνώμην S.''Ph.''910: also c. dat., κακοὶ γνώμαισι Id.''Aj.''964: c. inf., κ. μανθάνειν Id.''OT''545; ([[νῆσος]]) φυτεύεσθαι κακή ''Trag.Adesp.''393; cf. 11.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in moral sense, [[base]], [[evil]], Od.11.384, Hes.''Op.''240; opp. [[Χρηστός]], S.''Ant.''520; ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε Id.''OT''334, ''Ph.''984; πλεῖστον κάκιστος Id.''OC''744; κ. πρός τινας Th.1.86; εἰς φίλους E.''Or.''424 codd.; περὶ τὰ Χρήματα Pl.''Clit.'' 407c.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[wretched]], Herod.3.42.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of things, [[evil]], [[pernicious]], freq. in Hom., etc., as <b class="b3">δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι</b>, Od.10.64, Il.3.173, 13.602, 1.418, Od.2.316, Il.1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766; [[χόλος]], [[ἔρις]], Il.16.206, Od.3.161; [[πόλεμος]], [[ἔπος]], [[ἔργα]], Il.4.82, 24.767, Od.2.67, al.; [[ἦμαρ]], [[ἄνεμος]], Il.9.251, Od.5.109; of omens and the like, [[unlucky]], [[ὄρνις]], [[ὄναρ]], [[σῆμα]], Il.24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., <b class="b3">κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος</b>, S.''Tr.''328, A.''Pers.''354, 369, etc.; of words, [[abusive]], [[foul]], κ. λόγοι S.''Ant.''259, cf. ''Tr.''461; <b class="b3">κ. ποιμήν</b>, i.e. the storm, A.''Ag.''657: Astrol., [[unlucky]], τόποι Heph.Astr.1.12; <b class="b3">κ. τύχη</b>, name for the sixth region, Paul.Al.''M.''1.<br><span class="bld">B</span> [[κακόν]], [[τό]], and [[κακά]], [[τά]], as [[substantive]], [[evil]], [[ill]], δίδου δ' ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Od.8.63; ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118; ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι Hdt.1.65; so <b class="b3">κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα</b>, Pi.''P.''2.76, ''I.''8(7).8; [[ἔκπαγλον]], [[ἄφερτον]], [[ἀμήχανον]], etc., A.''Ag.''862, 1102, E.''Med.''447, etc.; <b class="b3">κακὸν ἥκει τινί</b> there's [[trouble]] in store for some one, Ar.''Ra.''552; <b class="b3">δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν</b> the least of two [[evils]], S.''OT''640, cf. ''OC''496; <b class="b3">κακῶν Ἰλιάς</b>, v. [[Ἰλιάς]]; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά = to do [[harm]] or [[ill]] to any one, Il.2.195, etc.; πολλὰ κάκ' ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει Od.14.289; <b class="b3">κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί</b>, Il.2.304, Hes.''Op.''265; <b class="b3">κακόν τι</b> (or [[κακὰ]]) <b class="b3"> ποιεῖν τινα</b> (v. [[δράω]], [[ποιέω]], [[ἐργάζομαι]]) <b class="b3">; κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος</b> to [[suffer]] [[evil]] from one, Th.8.48, etc.: in Trag. freq. repeated, <b class="b3">κακὰ κακῶν</b>, = [[τὰ κάκιστα]], S.''OC''1238 (lyr.); εἴ τι πρεσβύτερον ἔτι κακοῦ κακόν Id.''OT''1365 (lyr.); δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά Id.''OC''595, cf. ''Ant.''1281; δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς A.''Pers.'' 1041 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[κακά]], [[τά]], [[evil words]], [[reproach]]es, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Hdt.8.61, cf.A.''Th.''571, S.''Aj.''1244,''Ph.''382, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Philos., [[κακόν]], [[τό]], [[Evil]], Stoic.3.18, al., Plot.1.8.1, al.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of a person, [[pest]], [[nuisance]], τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Ar.''Av.''931; also, comically, <b class="b3">ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων</b> what a [[devil]] of a lot of birds, ib.294.<br><span class="bld">C</span> degrees of Comparison:<br><span class="bld">1</span> regul. Comp. in Ep., κακώτερος Od.6.275, 15.343, Theoc.27.22, A.R.3.421, etc.: also in late Prose, Alciphr.3.62: irreg. [[κακίων]], ον [with ῐ], Od.2.277, Thgn.262, etc., with ῑ in Trag., exc. E.''Fr.''546 (anap.); κακῑότερος ''AP''12.7 (Strato).<br><span class="bld">2</span> Sup. κάκιστος Hom., etc.--Cf. also [[Χείρων]], [[Χείριστος]], and [[ἥσσων]], [[ἥκιστος]].<br><span class="bld">D</span> Adv. [[κακῶς]] [[ill]], ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Il.2.253, etc.; <b class="b3">κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα</b> to treat one [[ill]]; <b class="b3">κακῶς ποιεῖν τι</b> [[to hurt]], [[damage a thing]]; <b class="b3">κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι</b> to do one any [[evil]] or [[harm]]; <b class="b3">κ. πράσσειν</b> to [[fare]] [[ill]], A.''Pr.''266, etc.; κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν And.4.11; κ. ἔχειν Ar.''Ra.''58, etc.; of illness, ''Ev.Matt.''4.24; rarely κακῶς πάσχειν A.''Pr.''759, 1041 (anap.); <b class="b3">Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ</b>. Hdt.1.8; κ. ὄλοισθε S.''Ph.''1035, etc.; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Philem.Jun.2; <b class="b3">κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν</b>, Mimn.7.4, Ar.''Ach.''503; <b class="b3">κ. εἰδότες</b>, = [[ἀγνοοῦντες]], X.''Cyr.''2.3.13, Isoc.8.32, cf. Hyp.''Eux.''33; <b class="b3">κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα</b> I have [[barely]] escaped, D.21.126: Comp. κάκιον Hdt.1.109, S.''OT''428, And.l.c., Pl.''Mx.''236a, etc.: Sup. κάκιστα Ar. ''Ra.''1456, ''Pax''2, Pl.''R.''420b, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Adv. and Adj. freq. coupled in Trag., Att., etc., κακὸν [[κακῶς]] νιν… ἐκτρῖψαι βίον S.''OT''248; κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ E.''Tr.''446 (troch.); ἀπό σ' ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς Ar.''Pl.''65, cf. ''Eq.''189, 190, D.32.6, Procop.''Pers.''1.24; κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς ''Ev.Matt.''21.41; κακοὺς κάκιστα S.''Aj.''839; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται E.''Tr.''1055; with intervening words, κακῶς… ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς S.''Ph.''1369, cf. E.''Cyc.''268, Ar.''Eq.''2. (Perh. cogn. with Avest. [[kasu-]], Comp. [[kasyah-]], Sup. [[kasišta-]] 'small', Lith. nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', Germ. [[hager]].)