| |Definition=τό: <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> in a form of [[sundial]], the [[shadow]] of the [[gnomon]], the length of which in feet indicated the [[time]] of [[day]], <b class="b3">ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ σ</b>. when the [[shadow]] is [[ten]] [[feet]] long, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>652</span>, v. Sch.; ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν . . τὸ σ. ᾖ <span class="bibl">Eub.119.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Philem.83</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[element]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> a [[simple sound]] of speech, as the [[first]] [[component]] of the [[syllable]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>424d</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ῥῶ τὸ στοιχεῖον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">426d</span>; γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>202e</span>; σ. ἐστι φωνὴ [[ἀδιαίρετος]] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b22</span>; φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>998a23</span>, cf.Gal.15.6:—[[στοιχεῖα]] therefore, strictly, were different from [[letter]]s ([[γράμμα]]τα), <span class="bibl">Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213</span>, Sch.D.T.<span class="bibl">p.32</span>, al., but are freq. not clearly distinguished from them, as by Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>426d</span>; τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.21</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ε</b> [[letter]] ε (in a filing-system), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>959.2</span> (ii A.D.); <b class="b3">ἀκουόμενα στοιχεῖα</b> [[letter]]s which are [[pronounced]], <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>165.17</span>; [[γράμμα]]τα and στοιχεῖα are expressly identified by <span class="bibl">D.T.630.32</span>; the ς. and its name are confused by <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Synt.</span>29.1</span>, but distinguished by Hdn.Gr. ap. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.340</span>, Sch.D.T. [[l.c.]]:—[[κατὰ στοιχεῖον]] = [[in the order of the letters]], [[alphabetically]], AP11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Physics, [[στοιχεῖα]] were the [[component]]s into which matter is [[ultimately]] [[divisible]], [[element]]s, reduced to four by [[Empedocles]], who called them [[ῥιζὤματα]], the word [[στοιχεῖα]] being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp.<span class="title">in Ph.</span>7.13</span>) by Pl., <b class="b3">τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶς, ἐξ ὧν ἡμεῖς τε συγκείμεθα καὶ τἄλλα</b> <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>201e</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν πάντων σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>278d</span>; αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>48b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GC</span>314a29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>998a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span>3</span>, al., <span class="bibl">D.L.3.24</span>; σ. σωματικά <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>338a22</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>46</span>; <b class="b3">ἄτομα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2p.36U.</span>; equivalent to [[ἀρχαί]], Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.2.1</span>, Anon. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>188b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1059b23</span>, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from [[ἀρχή]] as less [[comprehensive]], ib.1070b23; <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας</b> ib.1088b27; <b class="b3">τρία τὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189b16</span>; distinguished from [[ἀρχή]] on other grounds by <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.; Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">H.</span>5.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνηλεὲς σ</b>., of the sea, <span class="bibl">Babr.71.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ στοιχεῖον</b>, of the [[sea]], <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμφω τὰ στοιχεῖα</b>., i.e. [[land]] and [[sea]], ib.''ΙΙ'', cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Ecl.</span>2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> the [[elements of proof]], e.g. in general [[reasoning]] the <b class="b3">πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b1</span>; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib.<span class="bibl">998a26</span>, <span class="bibl">1014a36</span>; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Euc.</span>pp.66,67</span>,<span class="bibl">68F.</span>: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b3</span>; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.<span class="bibl">6</span>; the line and the circle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>158b35</span>; the [[τόπος]] (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib.<span class="bibl">120b13</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1358a35</span>, al.; στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1014b10</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς</b> coin is the <b class="b2">unit . .</b>of [[exchange]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1257b23</span>; in Grammar, <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα τῆς λέξεως</b> [[parts]] of [[speech]], <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>2</span>; but also, the [[letters]] composing a word, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>313.7</span>; [[letters]] of the [[alphabet]], Diog. Bab.<span class="title">Stoic.</span>3.213; <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα τοῦ λόγου</b> the [[element]]s of [[speech]], viz. [[word]]s, or the [[kinds of words]], [[part]]s of speech, Thphr. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Cat.</span>10.24</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>7.1</span>, <span class="bibl">313.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> generally, [[elementary]] or [[fundamental]] [[principle]], <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.1</span>; σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.16</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b16</span>; στοιχεῖα τῆς ὅλης τέχνης <span class="bibl">Nicol.Com.1.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.10U.</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>3p.59U.</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.127S., Gal.6.306. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἄστρων στοιχεῖα</b> the [[stars]], <span class="bibl">Man.4.624</span>; στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα λυθήσεται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>3.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12</span>; esp. [[planet]]s, στοιχείῳ Διός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.130.60</span> (i/ii A.D.); so perhaps in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>4.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>2.8</span>; esp. a [[sign of the Zodiac]], <span class="bibl">D.L.6.102</span>; of the Great Bear, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1303. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[στοιχεῖον]] = [[ἀριθμός]], as etym. of [[Στοιχαδεύς]], Sch.D.T.p.192 H.</span> | | |Definition=τό:<br><span class="bld">I</span> in a form of [[sundial]], the [[shadow]] of the [[gnomon]], the length of which in feet indicated the [[time]] of [[day]], <b class="b3">ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ σ</b>. when the [[shadow]] is [[ten]] [[feet]] long, Ar.''Ec.''652, v. Sch.; ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν.. τὸ σ. ᾖ Eub.119.7, cf. Philem.83.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[element]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> a [[simple sound]] of speech, as the [[first]] [[component]] of the [[syllable]], Pl.''Cra.''424d; <b class="b3">τὸ ῥῶ τὸ στοιχεῖον</b> ib.426d; γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς Id.''Tht.''202e; σ. ἐστι φωνὴ [[ἀδιαίρετος]] Arist.''Po.''1456b22; φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων Id.''Metaph.''998a23, cf.Gal.15.6:—[[στοιχεῖα]] therefore, strictly, were different from [[letter]]s ([[γράμμα]]τα), Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213, Sch.D.T.p.32, al., but are freq. not clearly distinguished from them, as by Pl.''Tht.''l.c., ''Cra.''426d; τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι Aen.Tact.31.21; <b class="b3">σ. ε</b> [[letter]] ε (in a filing-system), ''BGU''959.2 (ii A.D.); <b class="b3">ἀκουόμενα στοιχεῖα</b> [[letter]]s which are [[pronounced]], A.D.''Adv.''165.17; [[γράμμα]]τα and στοιχεῖα are expressly identified by D.T.630.32; the ς. and its name are confused by A.D. ''Synt.''29.1, but distinguished by Hdn.Gr. ap. Choerob.''in Theod.''1.340, Sch.D.T. [[l.c.]]:—[[κατὰ στοιχεῖον]] = [[in the order of the letters]], [[alphabetically]], AP11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Physics, [[στοιχεῖα]] were the [[component]]s into which matter is [[ultimately]] [[divisible]], [[element]]s, reduced to four by [[Empedocles]], who called them [[ῥιζὤματα]], the word [[στοιχεῖα]] being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. Simp.''in Ph.''7.13) by Pl., <b class="b3">τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶς, ἐξ ὧν ἡμεῖς τε συγκείμεθα καὶ τἄλλα</b> ''Tht.''201e; <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν πάντων σ</b>. ''Plt.''278d; αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός ''Ti.''48b, cf. Arist.''GC''314a29, ''Metaph.''998a28, Thphr.''Sens.''3, al., D.L.3.24; σ. σωματικά Arist.''Mete.''338a22, Thphr.''Fr.''46; <b class="b3">ἄτομα σ</b>. Epicur.''Ep.''2p.36U.; equivalent to [[ἀρχαί]], Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. D.L.2.1, Anon. ap. Arist.''Ph.''188b28, ''Metaph.''1059b23, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from [[ἀρχή]] as less [[comprehensive]], ib.1070b23; <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας</b> ib.1088b27; <b class="b3">τρία τὰ σ</b>. Id.''Ph.''189b16; distinguished from [[ἀρχή]] on other grounds by ''Stoic.''2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.; Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον Orph.''H.''5.4; <b class="b3">ἀνηλεὲς σ</b>., of the sea, Babr.71.4; <b class="b3">τὸ στοιχεῖον</b>, of the [[sea]], Polem.''Cyn.''44; <b class="b3">ἄμφω τὰ στοιχεῖα</b>., i.e. [[land]] and [[sea]], ib.''ΙΙ'', cf. Hdn.3.1.5, Him.''Ecl.''2.18.<br><span class="bld">3</span> the [[elements of proof]], e.g. in general [[reasoning]] the <b class="b3">πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί</b>, Arist.''Metaph.''1014b1; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib.998a26, 1014a36; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, Procl. ''in Euc.''pp.66,67,68F.: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, Arist.''Metaph.''1014b3; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.6; the line and the circle, Id.''Top.''158b35; the [[τόπος]] (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib.120b13, al., ''Rh.''1358a35, al.; στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες Id.''Metaph.''1014b10; <b class="b3">τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς</b> coin is the unit..of [[exchange]], Id.''Pol.''1257b23; in Grammar, <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα τῆς λέξεως</b> [[parts]] of [[speech]], D.H.''Comp.''2; but also, the [[letters]] composing a word, A.D.''Synt.''313.7; [[letters]] of the [[alphabet]], Diog. Bab.''Stoic.''3.213; <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα τοῦ λόγου</b> the [[element]]s of [[speech]], viz. [[word]]s, or the [[kinds of words]], [[part]]s of speech, Thphr. ap. Simp. ''in Cat.''10.24, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45, A.D.''Synt.''7.1, 313.6.<br><span class="bld">4</span> generally, [[elementary]] or [[fundamental]] [[principle]], <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν σ</b>. X.''Mem.''2.1.1; σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας Isoc.2.16; <b class="b3">τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον σ</b>. Arist.''Pol.''1309b16; στοιχεῖα τῆς ὅλης τέχνης Nicol.Com.1.30, cf. Epicur. ''Ep.''1p.10U., ''Ep.''3p.59U., Phld.''Rh.''1.127S., Gal.6.306.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἄστρων στοιχεῖα</b> the [[stars]], Man.4.624; στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα λυθήσεται ''2 Ep.Pet.''3.10, cf. 12; esp. [[planet]]s, στοιχείῳ Διός ''PLond.''1.130.60 (i/ii A.D.); so perhaps in ''Ep.Gal.''4.3, ''Ep.Col.''2.8; esp. a [[sign of the Zodiac]], D.L.6.102; of the Great Bear, ''PMag.Par.''1.1303.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[στοιχεῖον]] = [[ἀριθμός]], as etym. of [[Στοιχαδεύς]], Sch.D.T.p.192 H. |
