φθίω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[ἔφθιον]], each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common pres. being [[φθίνω]], Od.5.161, al. (also [[φθινύθω]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]): impf.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἔφθῐνον Hdt.3.29, Pl.''Ti.''77a: fut. and aor. φθείσω, [[φθίσω]], ἔφθεισα and ἔφθισα (v. infr. ''ΙΙ''): pf. ἔφθῐκα [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Dsc.''Praef.''6 (cf. [[φθινάω]]), (ἀπ-) Them.''Or.''28.341d:—Med. and Pass. (in same sense), fut. φθίσομαι (leg. [[φθείσομαι]], in view of [[φθείσω]], v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 (φθειται ''PGen.'' (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), Od.13.384: aor. 1 [[φθίσασθαι]] (ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: 3pl. aor. Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. [[ἀποφθίνω]]: aor. 2 ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A.''Th.''971 (lyr.); ἔφθῐτο Il.18.100, Thgn.1141 ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[ἔφθιται]]), A.''Eu.''458, S.''OT''962, E.''Alc.''414 (lyr.); 3pl. ἐφθίατο Il.1.251; imper. 3sg. [[φθίσθω]] (ἀπο-) 8.429; Ep. subj. φθίεται 20.173, φθιόμεσθα 14.87; opt. [[φθίμην]] (ἀπο-) Od.10.51, [[φθῖτο]] (φθῖτ') 11.330 (the [[varia lectio|v.l.]] φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf. φθίσθαι Il.9.246, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, (κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[φθεῖσθαι]]); part. [[φθίμενος]], v. infr. 1.2: rare in pf., ἔφθιται Od.20.340, 3pl. ἐξέφθινται A.''Pers.''679 (lyr.). [Hom. has ῑ in [[φθίῃς]] (infr.1.2), ῐ in [[ἔφθιεν]] (infr.), [[φθιόμεσθα]], [[φθίεται]]: ῑ always in fut. and aor. φθίσω, [[φθίσομαι]], [[ἔφθισα]] (sed v. infr. ''ΙΙ''), cf. [[φθισήνωρ]], [[φθισίμβροτος]] ([[quod vide|qq.v.]]): ῐ always in aor. and pf. Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses ῑ in [[φθίνω]] (prob. fr. <b class="b3">*φθῐνϝω</b>, cf. [[φθίνυθω]]) whereas ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. [[ψίνω]], [[ψινάς]], [[ψίσις]]: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. kṣi-, pres. kṣiṇā́ti, kṣiṇóti, 'he [[destroy]]s', Pass. Kṣī́yante 'they [[perish]]', ákṣitas ( = [[ἄφθιτος]]) '[[imperishable]]', fut. stem kṣeṣya- ( = φθεισο-), aor. stem kṣeṣ- (= φθεισ-).)<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[decay]], [[wane]], of [[time]], [[πρίν]] κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. aor.) [[first]] [[would]] the [[night]] [[be]] [[come]] to an [[end]], Od.11.330: τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''141 (anap.); in this sense mostly in pres. [[φθίνω]], φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα = they [[wane]] or [[pass away]], Od.11.183, etc.; [[μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω]] = [[let]] not [[thy]] [[life]] [[be wasted]], 5.161: esp.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of the [[moon]], [[wane]], [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist.''Cael.'' 291b20; hence, in monthly reckoning, [[μηνῶν φθινόντων]] in the moon's [[wane]], i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, [[μὴν φθίνων]], the [[last]] [[decad]], IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. [[ἱστάμενος]] ([[ἵστημι]] B. 111.4), [[μεσῶν]], but in Hom., the [[second]] [[half]] of the [[month]] (τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.<br><span class="bld">c</span> of the [[star]]s, [[decline]], [[set]], A.''Ag.''7 (prob. interpol.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> of persons, [[waste away]], [[pine]], [[perish]], ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od.2.368 (perhaps aor. subj. with ῑ metri grat.); [[ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν]] = [[was wasting away in mind]], Il.18.446 (perhaps trans., [[causing]] his [[heart]] to [[pine]]; prob. impf., but possibly aor.); φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E.''Alc.''203; ἐκ φόνων S.''Tr.''558; [[οἱ φθίνοντες]] = [[consumptive]] [[people]], Hp.''Aph.''3.10, cf. ''Epid.''1.24.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of life, strength, etc., οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi.''P.''1.94; φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S.''OC''610, cf. ''OT''665 (lyr.); [[ὕβρις]] . . ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id.''Fr.''786; ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id.''Tr.''548; τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E.''Fr.''415.5, cf. Pl.''Phd.''71b, ''Ti.''81b, etc.; c. dat. modi, πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν... φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις S.''OT''25; of things, [[fade away]], [[disappear]], ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id.''Tr.''677; τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp.''Loc.Hom.''24; metaph., φθίνοντα Ααΐου θέσφατα S.''OT''906 (lyr.), cf. ''Ant.''1013:—Pass., αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.20.173, cf. 14.87; more freq. in fut. and aor., ἤδη φθίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384; τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il.18.100; δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο 1.251; νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667; νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο S.''OT''962; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο = wast [[slain]] by... A.''Th.''971 (lyr.), cf. E.''Med.''1414 (anap.): freq. in part. [[φθίμενος]], [[slain]], [[dead]], Od.11.558, al.; χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il.8.359; ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον ''IG''12. 976; [[φθίμενοι]] = [[the dead]], φθιμένοισι μετείην Od.24.436; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21; φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi.''I.'' 4(3).10(28), cf. B.5.83; φθιμένοισιν A.''Th.''732 (lyr.); [[φθίμενος]] S.''Tr.'' 1161, cf. ''Ant.''836 (anap.); μηδέτιν' [[εἰπεῖν]] . . φθιμένων E.''Hec.''137 (anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. [[φθιτός]]), τὸν φθίμενον A.''Th.''336 (lyr., codd.); τῶν φ. Id.''Ag.''1023 (lyr.); τῶν [[πρότερον]] φ. Id.''Ch.''403 (anap.); [[φθίμενον δέμας]], [[σῶμα]], [[mortal]], IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); [[Φθιμένη]] = [[Perishing]], personified as a [[goddess]], Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1: rare in Prose, τοῖς φθιμένοις [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.18.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Causal, in fut. φθ(ε)ίσω, aor. 1 ἔφθεισα, ἔφθισα (usu. written [[φθίσω]], [[ἔφθισα]] in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67) in ''PHib.''1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and ''Et.Gen.''cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), [[cause to decay]] or [[pine away]], [[consume]], [[destroy]], φθ(ε)ίσει σε τὸ σὸν [[μένος]] Il.6.407; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ(ε)ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ (ε) ῖσαι γόνον Od.4.741; ἵνα φθ (ε) ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν 16.369; τόν ἔθελον φθ(ε)ῖσαι ib.428; τοκῆας . . φθ(ε)ῖσαν θεοί 20.67: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα), Μοίρας φθίσας A.''Eu.''173; τὸν . . ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S.''OT''202; φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε [[φθίνειν]] μήτε [[σίνεσθαι]] Pythag. ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε [[μοῖρα]] . . φθίνει, [[φθίνει]] dub. in S.''El.''1414 (lyr., fort. σοι).