καταβάλλω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. καταβᾰλῶ: aor. κατέβᾰλον; Ep. 3sg.<br><span class="bld">A</span> κάββαλε Od. 6.172, Hes.''Th.''189, etc.; imper. καββαλόντων ''Foed.Delph.Pell.''1''B'' 14:—[[throw down]], [[overthrow]], κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον Il.2.414; ἐς μέσσον κ. τι 15.357; ἐνὶ πόντῳ Hes.''Th.''189; ἐπ' ἀκτῆς Il.23.125(tm.); ἐπὶ Χθονί Hes.''Sc.''462, etc.; κ. (τινὰ) ἐνθάδε Od.6.172; <b class="b3">κ. τὰ οἰκήματα, τὰ ἀγάλματα</b>, Hdt.1.17, 8.109; τεῖχος Th.7.24; κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου X.''HG''5.2.41; ἀπ' ἐλπίδος Pl.''Euthphr.''15e; <b class="b3">καταβάλλω ἐς τὸ μηδέν</b> to [[bring down to nothing]], opp. <b class="b3">ἐξᾶραι ὑψοῦ</b>, Hdt.9.79; <b class="b3">κάββαλλε τὸν Χείμωνα</b> [[confound]], [[defy]] the [[storm]], Alc.34.3.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἑαυτόν</b> [[throw]] oneself down to sleep, Plu.''Caes.''38.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[strike down]] with a [[weapon]], [[slay]], Il.2.692(tm.), Hdt.4.64, etc.; by a [[blow]], κ. πατάξας Lys.13.71; especially of [[slaying]] [[victim]]s, E.''Or.''1603, Isoc.2.20; κ. θῦμα δαίμοσιν E.''Ba.''1246.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Pass., to [[be stricken]], νόσῳ ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1121.9(iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[throw]] into prison, κ. τινὰ ἐς ἐρκτήν Hdt.4.146: generally, [[throw]], [[bring]] into a certain state, καταβάλλω (τινὰ) ἐς ξυμφοράς E.''IT''606, Antipho Soph.58; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀπορίαν, εἰς ἀπιστίαν</b>, Pl.''Phlb.''15e, ''Phd.''88c, etc.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[overthrow]], [[refute]], <b class="b3">οἱ καταβάλλοντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[λόγοι]]), title of work by Protagoras: κ. τινά Democr.125; δόξαν Gal.''UP''6.20.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[abuse]], [[bully]], Phld.''Rh.''2.164S.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[cast down]] or [[away]], [[cast off]], [[reject]], Isoc.12.24: metaph., [[forget]], Ael.''Fr.''111; <b class="b3">κ. εἴς τι</b> [[throw away]] upon a thing, Pl. ''Lg.''960e:—Pass., [[οἱ καταβεβλημένοι]] = [[despicable fellows]], Isoc.12.8; cf. [[καταβεβλημένως]].<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[let fall]], [[drop]], ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν Il.5.343; <b class="b3">κάββαλε νεβρόν</b>, of an eagle, 8.249; of a fawning dog, οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω Od.17.302; <b class="b3">ἴουλον ἀπὸ κροτάφων κ.</b> Theoc.15.85; of sails, καθ' ἱστία λευκὰ βαλόντες Thgn.671; τἀκάτια Epicr.10; <b class="b3">κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς</b> βαλεῖ A.''Ch.''574; <b class="b3">τὰς ὀφρῦς κ.</b> E.''Cyc.''167; <b class="b3">κ. τὰ κέρατα</b> [[droop]] their [[feeler]]s, Arist.''HA''590b26: in Politics, [[abandon]] a measure, καταβάλλοντ' ἐᾶν ἐν ὑπωμοσίᾳ D.18.103.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[lay down]], [[set down]], κρεῖον μέγα κάββαλεν ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ Il.9.206, cf. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''165, ''V.''727, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[lay down]], [[lay in]] stores, κ. σιτία Hdt.7.25:—Pass., <b class="b3">κὰτ ἄσπιδες βεβλήμεναι</b> [[stored up]], Alc.15.5.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[pay down]], [[yield]], [[bring in]], ἡ λίμνη καταβάλλει ἐπ' ἡμέρην ἑκάστην τάλαντον ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων Hdt.2.149; τὰς [[ἐπικαρπία]]ς τῇ πόλει And.1.92, cf. Lexib.93.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[pay]], τἀργύριον Th. 1.27; τριώβολον Amips.13; ἀρραβῶνα Men.743, cf. ''PRev.Laws''48.10(iii B.C.), etc.; τιμήν τινι ὑπέρ τινος Pl.''Lg.''932d, Luc.''Vit.Auct.'' 25; τέλη ''GDI''5018a17 (Gortyn), ''PHib.''29.6 (iii B.C.); λύτρα ''GDI'' 5151.8 (Cret., found at Delphi); <b class="b3">καταβαλών σοι δραχμὴν τῶν βοτρύων</b> for them, Philostr.''Her.Praef.''1; <b class="b3">κ. ζημίαν</b> [[pay up]], [[discharge]] a [[fine]], D. 24.83, cf. 59.27:—later in Med., μισθὸν καταβαλέσθαι Alciphr.1.12.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[put in]], [[deposit]], in Pass., εἰ ἡ μαρτυρία κατεβάλλετο ἐνταῦθα D.34.46:—but usually in Med., [[deposit]], γράμματα εἰς κιβωτόν ''BCH''25.100 (Tlos), cf. ''IG''12(1).3.15 (Rhodes); <b class="b3">ψευδεῖς γραφὰς εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμματα</b> Docum. ap. D.18.55; λόγους ''IG''7.2850 (Haliartus); [[δόγμα]] ''GDI''5182.10 (Cret., found at Teos).<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[throw down]] [[seed]], [[sow]], Men. ''Georg.''37, cf. [[καταβλητέον]]; κ. τὸ [[σπέρμα]], of the male, Epicur.''Nat.''908.1:—Pass., ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''5.7.4, Sor.1.33, Ocell.4.14: metaph., σπέρμα κ. τοιούτων πραγμάτων D.24.154; <b class="b3">κ. φάτιν ὡς .</b>. [[spread abroad]] a [[rumour]], Hdt.1.122, cf.E.''HF''758(lyr.).<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[lay down as a foundation]], mostly in Med., τὴν τῆς ναυπηγίας ἀρχὴν καταβαλλόμενος Pl.''Lg.''803a: esp. metaph., <b class="b3">καταβαλλομένα μέγαν οἶκτον</b> [[beginning]] a lament (cf. infr. 8), E. ''Hel.''164(lyr.); Ἀρίστιππος τὴν Κυρηναϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν κατεβάλετο Str. 17.3.22; καταβαλέσθαι τοὐπτάνιον Sosip.1.39; ἐξ ἀρχῆς καινὴν νομοθεσίαν D.S.12.20; τὴν Στωϊκῶν αἵρεσιν Plu.2.329a: hence generally, to [[be the author of]], [[commit to writing]], ἱστορικὰς καταβαλόμενοι πραγματείας D.H.1.1; [[λόγος|λόγον]] Darius ap.D.L.9.13; φλυαρίας Gal.7.476:—Pass., ὅταν δὲ κρηπὶς μὴ καταβληθῇ… ὀρθῶς E.''HF''1261: freq. metaph., δεδημοσιωμένα που καταβέβληται Pl.''Sph.''232d; πολλοὶ λόγοι πρὸς αὐτὰ καταβέβληνται [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1096a10; <b class="b3">καταβεβλημέναι μαθήσεις</b> [[fundamental]], [[established]], Arist.''Pol.''1337b21; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. παιδεύματα</b> ib.1338a36, cf. Phld.''Rh.''1.27S.<br><span class="bld">8</span> c. inf., <b class="b3">γάμον καταβάλλομ' ἀείδειν</b> I [[begin]] my song of, Call.''Fr.''196.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Pass., [[lie down]], εἰς εὐνάν Theoc.18.11.<br><span class="bld">2</span> like [[καταβαίνω]] II.1, [[arrive]] at in a course of lectures, εἰς Γοργίαν Dam.''Isid.''54.<br><span class="bld">B</span> intr., [[fall]], εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν Pl.''Ep.''344c.