οὖν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. and Dor. [[ὦν]] (the latter in Pi.''P.''3.82, al., but [[οὖν]] in Hom. (v. infr.), B.18.29,37, Cerc.4.18, al.), Adv.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[certainly]], [[in fact]], confirming something, freq. in contrast with something which is not confirmed, in Hom. only in combination with γε (v. [[γοῦν]]) <b class="b3">, γάρ, οὔτε</b> or <b class="b3">μήτε, ὡς, ἐπεί, μέν</b>, etc.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[really]], <b class="b3">φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι… Κρονίωνα</b> for I declare that Zeus did [[really]] promise... Il.2.350, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 309b; <b class="b3">τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα... ὄφρ'</b> for we followed them up to the [[very]] point, where... Il.11.754, cf. 15.232, Od.2.123; εἰ δ' οὖν τις ἀκτὶς ἡλίου νιν ἱστορεῖ… ζῶντα A.''Ag.''676, cf. 1042; <b class="b3">ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ' ὦν</b> but they [[really]] were spoken, Hdt.3.80, cf. 4.5, 6.82; <b class="b3">Θηβαῖοι μὲν ταῦτα λέγουσι... Πλαταιῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι... ἐκ δ' οὖν τῆς γῆς ἀνεχώρησαν</b> [[at all events]] they [[did]] return, Th.2.5, cf. 1.63, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 315e; σωτηρίαν λεπτὴν μὲν... μόνην δ' οὖν Id.''Lg.''699b; so <b class="b3">δ' οὖν</b> [[after a parenthesis]]; <b class="b3">εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει,—οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγε,—εἰ δ' οὖν</b> but if he is so, Id.''Ap.''34d, cf. Hdt.6.76, Th.1.3; so <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν… γε</b> but [[at all events]], S.''Ant.''84, ''Ph.''1305; <b class="b3">ἔμπης οὖν ἐπιμεῖναι ἐς αὔριον</b> to stay nevertheless [[at least]] till tomorrow, Od.11.351; [[οὖν]] concessive, [[I grant you]], τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε S.''Ph.''305: in apodosi after [[εἰ]] or <b class="b3">ἐάν, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλ' ὦν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις</b>… Hdt.3.140, cf.9.48, E.''Ph.''498, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 91b, etc.: after [[ἐπεί]] and <b class="b3">ὡς, ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον</b> but now that I have (emphat.) once spoken up, Od.14.467, cf. 17.226, Il.18.333; <b class="b3">Τληπόλεμος δ', ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, αὐτίκα… κατέκτα</b> [[when once]], i.e. as soon as, he had grown up, 2.661, cf. 15.363, 16.394, al.; <b class="b3">νεβροί, αἵ τ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον… ἑστᾶσ'</b> which, [[as soon as]] they are tired, stand still, 4.244; to indicate that something foreshadowed has [[actually]] occurred, ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς... οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν 1.57, cf. 3.340, al.: sometimes [[οὖν]] after [[ἐπεί]] or [[ὡς]] has either no force or approaches signf. ''ΙΙ'' or ''III'', οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου Od.16.478, cf. 19.213, 251, al.; τὸν δ' ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Il.3.21, al.; <b class="b3">οὔτ' οὖν... οὔτε.</b>. or <b class="b3">οὔτε... οὔτ' οὖν</b>… both = neither… nor, but preferred according as the first or second clause is to be marked by emphasis, cf. 17.20, Od.2.200, Hdt.9.26, with Od. 11.198sq., S.''OT''90, 271, etc.; so <b class="b3">εἰ... εἴτ' οὖν</b>… if... or if... E.''Alc.'' 140; <b class="b3">εἴτ' οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται</b> whether it shall be so, or no, Id.''Heracl.''149, cf. A.''Ag.''491, S.''El.''560; <b class="b3">ξεῖνος αἴτ' ὦν ἀστός</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">αἴτε ξ. αἴτ' ὦν ἀ.</b>, Pi.''P.''4.78; and doubled, εἴτ' οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ' οὖν ψεῦδος Pl. ''Ap.''34e, cf. A.''Ch.''683: so also in parenth. Relat. clauses, <b class="b3">ἢ σῖγ', ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ</b> [[even]] as, [[just]] as, ib.96, cf. 888, E.''Hipp.'' 1307 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεός</b> if he is, as he [[in fact]] is, a god, Pl.''Phdr.''242e; οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι Id.''Ap.''21d: for <b class="b3">γὰρ οὖν</b>, v. [[γάρ]] A. 11.5; for <b class="b3">μὲν οὖν</b>, v. [[μέν]] B. 11.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> added to indef. Prons. and Advbs., like Lat. [[cunque]], [[ὅστις]] [[whoever]], [[ὁστισοῦν]] [[whosoever]]; [[ὅπως]] [[how]], [[ὁπωσοῦν]] [[howsoever]]; <b class="b3">ἄλλος ὁστισοῦν</b> another, [[be he who he may]]; so <b class="b3">ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποιοστισοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσδηποτοῦν, ὁπητιοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν</b>, etc., v. sub vocc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> to continue a narrative, [[so]], [[then]], καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν… θῆκαν Od.13.122; <b class="b3">ὅτ' οὖν</b> since, [[then]],... S.''Ant.''170, ''El.''38, 1318; <b class="b3">ζεῖ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ</b>… Pl.''Phdr.''251c, cf. ''Prt.''322b; εὐθὺς οὖν ὁ Κῦρος εἶπεν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.1.22: in Hdt. and Att., <b class="b3">μὲν οὖν</b> ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) is very common in this sense; so δ' οὖν A.''Ag.''34, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''114; [[οὖν]] is also used alone merely to resume after a parenth. or long protasis, [[well]], [[as I was saying]], <b class="b3">ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ... ὑμεας γὰρ πυνθάνομαι προεστάναι...—ὑμέας ὦν… προσκαλέομαι</b>… Hdt.1.69, cf. 4.75, Th.2.16, Pl.''Ap.''29d, ''Smp.''201d, etc.: Hdt. so uses [[ὦν]] after a short protasis, 1.144, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὦν]] is freq. inserted by Hdt. (sts. without any discernible meaning) between the Prep. and its Verb (but only, it seems, in narrative with the aor., which is always the aor. of habitual action exc. in 2.172), <b class="b3">ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήσωσι, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν</b> ib.87; <b class="b3">καὶ ἔπειτα ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν</b> ib.88: after a part., <b class="b3">οἱ δὲ φέροντες ἐς τὴν ἀγορήν, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδοντο</b> ib.39; <b class="b3">κατευξάμενοι, κοιλίην μὲν κείνην πᾶσαν ἐξ ὦν εἶλον</b> ib.40; <b class="b3">ἤν τις ψαύσῃ... αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν</b> ib.47; <b class="b3">τοῦτον κατ' ὦν κόψας</b> ib.172; so in Hp., δι' οὖν ἐφθάρησαν ''Morb.''1.14 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), al.; also ἐπ' ὦν ἐπίομες οἶνον Epich.124.3: this tmesis is rare in Att., ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατ' οὖν ἔβαλεν Ar.''Ra.''1047; but occurs in later writers, Dorieus ap. Phylarch.3 J., ''AP''12.226 (Strat.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> in inferences, [[then]], [[therefore]], not in Hom., rare in A., and usually in questions (v. infr.); in a statement, ''Eu.''219; very common from Hdt. downwds.; so <b class="b3">καὶ σὺ οὖν</b> you too [[therefore]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 4.1.20; καὶ γὰρ οὖν Id.''An.''1.9.8; cf. <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ οὖν, τοιγαροῦν</b>: strengthened, δὴ οὖν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 191c, etc.; οὖν δή Id.''R.''340e: in questions, τίς οὖν ὁ λύσων σ' ἐστίν; A.''Pr.''771, cf. S.''Tr.''1191, Ar.''Pl.''906, 909, etc.; ἆρ' οὖν δή; Pl.''Tht.''146a; τί οὖν δή; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''873 (lyr.), [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 57a.

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[really]], at all events, used like [[γοῦν]] to [[dismiss]] a [[perplexing]] [[subject]], οὔτ' οὖν ἀγγελίῃς ἔτι πείθομαι, [[οὔτε]] θεοπροπίης [[ἐμπάζομαι]] Od.; ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ' ὦν but they [[really]] were [[spoken]], Hdt.; εἴτ' οὖν, [[εἴτε]] μὴ γενήσεται [[whether]] it shall be [[really]] so, or no, Eur.; εἴτ' οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ' οὖν [[ψεῦδος]] Plat.; εἰ δ' ἔστιν, [[ὥσπερ]] οὖν ἔστι, [[θεός]] if he is, as he [[surely]] is, a god, Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> added to indef. Pronouns and Advs., like Lat. [[cunque]], [[ὅστις]] [[whoever]], [[ὁστισοῦν]] [[whosoever]]; [[ὅπως]] how, [[ὁπωσοῦν]] [[howsoever]]; [[ἄλλος]] ὁστισοὖν [[another]], be he who he may; so, [[ὁποιοσοῦν]], [[ὁποσοσοῦν]], [[ὁπωσοῦν]], ὁποθενοῦν, etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[continue]] a [[narrative]], οἱ δ' [[ἐπεὶ]] οὖν [[ἤγερθεν]] so [[when]] they were [[assembled]], Il., etc.:—also to [[resume]] [[after]] an [[apodosis]], I say, Hdt., etc.; Hdt. inserts it [[between]] the prep. and its Verb, ἐπεὰν δὲ [[ταῦτα]] ποιήσωσι, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in Inferences, then, [[therefore]], Lat. [[igitur]], Hdt., etc.; so, δὴ οὖν, οὖν δή Plat.