οὐδέ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=neg. Particle, related to [[μηδέ]] as [[οὐ]] to [[μή]], partly Conj., partly Adv.:<br><span class="bld">A</span> CONJUNCTION, [[but not]], mostly answering to [[μέν]] (sts. written divisim), Il.5.138, 24.418; without [[μέν]], 5.21, etc.: sometimes the first [[οὐδέ]], [[but not]], is followed by [[οὐδέ]], [[nor]], ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθ' Ἥρῃ, οὐδὲ Ποσειδάων', οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ 24.25.<br><span class="bld">II</span> more freq. [[and not]], [[nor]]: sometimes without a neg. preceding, Κίρκη δ' ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον, οὐδ' ἐπὶ σίτῳ χεῖρας ἰάλλοντα Od.10.375; τραχὺς μόναρχος οὐδ' ὑπεύθυνος A.''Pr.''326, cf. 102,259,al.; δεινὸν γάρ, οὐδὲ ῥητόν S.''Ph.''756, cf.996, ''OT''398, 868(lyr.), Hdt.1.97, etc.: after a neg. compd., ὃν ἠτίμησ' Ἀγαμέμνων, οὐδ' ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα Il.1.95; ἀνήμεροι γὰρ οὐδὲ πρόσπλατοι ξένοις A.''Pr.''716; ἄστιπτος οὐδ' οἰκουμένη S.''Ph.''2; ἄθικτος οὐδ' οἰκητός Id.''OC''39.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with a neg. preceding, [[nor]], βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐ. ποτῆτος Od.10.379; οὐκέτισοὶ… μένος ἔμπεδον οὐ. τις ἀλκή 22.226; οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν οὐ. τιν' ἐγχώρων S.''Ph.''692 (lyr.), cf. 681 (lyr.), 905,955, X.''Oec.''20.2, etc.: sometimes the preceding neg. is itself [[οὐδέ]], = [[and not]], as in Od.22.222; [[οὐδέ]], = [[nor]] may be repeated any number of times, e.g. three times in S.''OT''1378.—sometimes the neg. follows the whole word-group instead of preceding it, <b class="b3">σιδήρῳ δὲ οὐδ' ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν</b> but iron [[or]] silver use they not at all, Hdt. 1.215; Θεσσαλοῦ μὲν οὐδ' Ἱππάρχου οὐδεὶς παῖς Th.6.55; ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὐ. δίκαιον οὐδὲν ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοι D.22.4: but <b class="b3">οὐδὲ… οὐδέ</b> never means neither… nor (like <b class="b3">οὔτε… οὔτε</b>); where this combination occurs, the first [[οὐδέ]] is used without reference to the second, e.g. <b class="b3">καὶ μὴν οὐδ' ἡ ἐπιτείχισις οὐδὲ τὸ ναυτικὸν ἄξιον φοβηθῆναι</b> and moreover we have [[no]] reason to fear their fortifications, [[nor yet]] their navy, Th.1.142.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[οὐδέ]] may also follow [[οὔτε]], by an anacoluth., as in <b class="b3">τε... δέ</b>… (v. [[οὔτε]] II.3); but [[οὔτε]] cannot follow [[οὐδέ]].—cf. [[μηδέ]] A. 2.<br><span class="bld">B</span> ADVERB, [[not even]], in Hom. mostly with Advbs., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ῃβαιόν</b> [[not even]] a little, [[no not]] a bit, [[not at all]], Il.2.386; οὐ. τυτθόν 1.354; οὐ. μίνυνθα 20.27; so also <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδ' ἠβαιαί</b> he has [[no]] sense, [[no not even]] a little, 14.141, cf. Od.21.288; τότε μὲν εὖ ζῶντες, νῦν δὲ οὐ. ζῶντες [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 329a: freq. in Att., <b class="b3">τούτῳ μὲν οὐ. διελέγετο</b> he did [[not even]] exchange words with him, Lys.3.31, cf. Ar.''Nu.''425; οὐδ', εἰ γέγονεν, οἶδα D.18.70, etc.: in the same sense, οὐ. γ' [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 97a, 97b, 106b; οὐ. γ' αὖ Id.''R.''499a; οὐ. μήν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.50, etc.; Ep. οὐ. μέν Il.9.374, etc.: in Att. freq. with [[εἷς]] (whence [[οὐδείς]]), οὐδ' ἂν εἷς θύσειεν Ar.''Pl.''137: sometimes without elision, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ εἷς</b> ib.1182, Herod.1.45; οὐκ ἄλλ' οὐ. ἕν Ar.''Pl.''138, cf. ''Ra.''927; also οὐ. καθ' ἕν Th.2.87; οὐ. παρ' ἑνός [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.3.10, etc.—This [[οὐδέ]] freq. follows [[καί]], [[and not even]], <b class="b3">καὶ οὐδ' αὐτοὶ αὖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ</b>… Th.7.56, cf. X.''An.''3.2.4, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδέ</b>, most freq. in phrase <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὧς</b>… Il.7.263,9.351, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> also not, not… either, nor yet... <b class="b3">ὁ δίκαιος τοῦ δικαίου δοκεῖ τί σοι ἂν ἐθέλειν πλέον ἔχειν</b>;Answ. [[οὐδαμῶς]]…; Qu. <b class="b3">τί δέ; τῆς δικαίας πράξεως</b>;Answ. οὐ. τῆς δικαίας [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 349b, cf. ''Ap.''19d,21d, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.4.<br><span class="bld">C</span> Repetition of [[οὐδέ]] and combination with [[οὐ]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> in Relat. as well as antec. clause, ὥσπερ οὐδ' ηὔχετο, οὐδ' ᾤετο Pl.''Alc.''2.141a, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.18.<br><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ οὐδέ</b>, as ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ οὐ. νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε S.''El.''595, cf. ''Aj.''1242, ''OT''287, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ. γὰρ οὐ.</b> Il.5.22, 6.130, Od.8.32, Hdt.4.16, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ. μὲν οὐ.</b> Il.2.703, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ μὰν οὐ.</b> 23.441, etc.; cf. [[οὐ]] c.