ἱδρώς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(v. fin.), ῶτος, ὁ, and Aeol. ἡ, Sapph.2.13; dat. [[ἱδρῶτι]], acc. [[ἱδρῶτα]]; Hom. has dat. [[ἱδρῷ]] (not [[ἱδρῶ]] as <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.248</span>) <span class="bibl">Il.17.385</span>,<span class="bibl">745</span>; acc. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἱδρῶ <span class="bibl">11.621</span>,<span class="bibl">22.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.R.2.87</span>, <span class="bibl">4.656</span>: (ἶδος):— [[sweat]], Hom.(v. infr.), etc.; μετὰ ἱδρῶτος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>350d</span>; κατὰ δ' ἱ. ἔρρεεν ἐκ μελέων <span class="bibl">Od.11.599</span>; ἱ. ἀνῄει χρωτί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>767</span>; <b class="b3">στάζειν ἱδρῶτι</b> (v. [[στάζω]]) ; ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>3</span>; of [[sweat]] as the sign of toil, τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>289</span>; ἱδρῶτα παρέχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.29</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>4.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>867a13</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἱδρῶτες ξηροί</b>, opp. [[the effect of baths]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>239c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[exudation]] of trees, [[gum]], [[resin]], σμύρνης <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1175</span>; [[δρυός]] Ion Trag.<span class="bibl">40</span>; <b class="b3">Βρομιάδος ἱδρῶτα πηγῆς</b>, of wine, <span class="bibl">Antiph.52.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., [[anything earned by the sweat of one's brow]], οὐ γὰρ τὸν ἐμὸν ἱδρῶτα . . ἐκβαλῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>750</span>, cf. Chor.<span class="bibl">p.270</span> B. (pl.). [ῑ in Ep. and Lyr.: ῐ in E.l.c.] (Cf. [[ἰδίω]].)</span>

|etymtx=-ῶτος<br />Grammatical information: m., (f.)<br />Meaning: [[sweat]], also metaph. of other wetness (Il.).<br />Other forms: ep. dat. -ῳ̃, acc. <b class="b3">-ῶ</b> (cf. below)<br />Compounds: Rarely in compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἱδρωτο-ποιέω</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">δυσ-ίδρως</b> [[with bad sweat]], [[difficulty of getting sweat]] (Thphr.), also with transition in the [[o-]]declination, e. g. <b class="b3">κάθ-ιδρος</b> [[covered with sweat]] (LXX).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. [[ἱδρώτιον]] (Hp.); [[ἱδρώεις]] [[sweaty]] (B.), [[ἱδρώδης]] [[acconpanied with sweating]] (Hp.), [[ἱδρωτικός]] [[sudorific]] (Hp., Thphr.); [[ἱδρῶα]] (?) pl. [[heat-spots]], [[pustules]] (Hp. Aph. 3, 21; reading uncertain) with <b class="b3">ἱδρω-τάρια</b>, <b class="b3">-τίδες</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.; cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 102); [[ἱδρώιον]] [[sweat-towel]] (pap.); [[ἱδροσύναι]] pl. [[efforts that produce sweat]] (poet. inscr. Phrygia, Rom. empire). Denominative verbs: [[ἱδρώω]] [[sweat]] (Il.) with [[ἵδρωσις]] [[sweating]] (late) and [[ἱδρωτήρια]] pl. [[sudorifics]] (Paul. Aeg.); [[ἱδρώττω]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gal.; s. Schwyzer 732).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1043] <b class="b2">*sueid-</b> [[sweat]]<br />Etymology: With [[ἱδρώς]] agrees Arm. k[[irtn]] [[sweat]], which is based on an [[r-]]stem <b class="b2">*su̯id-r-</b>, which is also found in Latv. [[swiêdri]] pl., Alb. <b class="b2">dirsë</b> [[sweat]]. This [[r-]]stem was in Greek combined with an [[ōs-]]stem, which is seen in Lat. [[sūdor]], if from <b class="b2">*su̯oidōs</b>. Like [[γέλως]], [[ἔρως]] a. o. [[ἱδρώς]] was later tansformed to a <b class="b3">τ-</b>stem (Schwyzer 514). The [[s-]]stem is still seen in ep. acc. [[ἱδρῶ]] (to be read as <b class="b3">-όα</b>? Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 54), perhaps also in dat. <b class="b3">ἱδρῳ̃</b>, if for <b class="b3">-οῖ</b> (doubtful; s. Chantraine 1, 211), and in several derivv.: <b class="b3">ἱδρώ-ω</b>, [[ἱδρώεις]] (s. Schwyzer 527; on this form, < <b class="b2">*-os-uent</b>, Ruijgh, Lingua 28 (1971) 173), [[ἱδρώιον]]. - On the absence of the digamma in Hom. cf. on [[ἐμέω]] (other explanations are not better, Chantraine 1, 156). Cf. [[ἰδίω]].