κάρχαρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ον, and α, ον <span class="bibl">Alcm.140</span>:—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[saw-like]], [[jagged]], so [[with saw-like jagged teeth]], κύων Lyc.34, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span> 16.18</span>; στόμα <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>3.142</span>; ἕρκος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">H.</span>1.506</span>; ὀδόντες <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Im.</span> 2.18</span>; δῆγμα Luc.<span class="title">Trag.</span>302; <b class="b3">κάρχαρον μειδήσας</b>, of the wolf, <span class="bibl">Babr.94.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[harsh]], of sounds or language, καρχάραισι φωναῖς Alcm. [[l.c.]], cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>43</span>; ῥήτωρ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Merc.Cond.</span>35</span>; nickname of Thrason, <span class="bibl">Bato Sinop.3</span>; [[rough]], [[rude]], ([[ἤθη]]) κ. καὶ σκολιά Plu. 2.468c.</span>

|elnltext=κάρχαρος -ον met scherpe tanden; overdr. scherp, bijtend:. ῥήτωρ τῶν καρχάρων een van de redenaars met scherpe tong Luc. 36.35.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[biting]], [[sharp]], [[raw]] (Alcm. 140, Lyc., Opp.),<br />Other forms: with reshaped ending [[καρχαρέος]] (EM).<br />Compounds: [[καρχαρόδων]] (<b class="b3">-ους</b>), <b class="b3">-οντος</b> [[with sharp teeth]] (Il., Hes., Ar., Arist., Thphr.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93)<br />Derivatives: [[καρχαρίας]] m. [[kind of shark]] (Pl. Com., Sophr.; cf. Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 45); the word was taken over in Lat. [[carcharus]], [[-ias]], Saint-Denis, Rev. de phil. 3e sér. 40 (1966) 388ff.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Onomatopoet. reduplicated formation (Schwyzer 423). One compares Skt. <b class="b2">khára-</b> [[hard]], [[raw]], [[sharp]] (which cannot agree with the Gr.<b class="b3">-χ-</b>), NPers. <b class="b2">xār(ā</b>) [[rock]], [[thorn]], and Toch. A [[tsär]] [[raw]]; the last doubtful, s. Pedersen Tocharisch 242f. w. n. 1. Acc. to Leumann Hom. Wörter 156 [[κάρχαρος]] was taken from hom. [[καρχαρόδοντες]]. - An unaspirated form is [[κάρκαροι]] <b class="b3">τραχεῖς καὶ δέσμοι</b> H. (cf. s. v.). S. Bq, WP. 1, 355, Mayrhofer KEWA s. <b class="b2">kharaḥ</b>1. -Blanc thinks that the word is connected with [[χάραξ]] [[pointed pole]] and [[χαράσσω]] [[sharpen]], [[engrave etc.]], REG 107 (1994) 686-693. Fur. 130 rejects the IE comparison (see Mayrhofer Wb. 1, 170, who points to Dravidian origin). The comparison with [[κάρκαροι]] points rather to Pre-Greek origin; Fur. refers to Urart. <b class="b2">ḥarḥar</b> <b class="b2">heap of stones,</b> Arm. [[karkar]] [[slippery rock]].

|ftr='''κάρχαρος''': {kárkharos}<br />'''Forms''': [[καρχαρόδων]] (-ους), -οντος<br />'''Meaning''': [[beißend]], [[bissig]], [[scharf]], [[rauh]] (Alkm. 140, Lyk., Opp., sp. Prosa), [[mit scharfen Zähnen]] (Il., Hes., Ar., Arist., Thphr.; vgl. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93 m. Lit.); im Ausgang umgebildet [[καρχαρέος]] (''EM'').<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitung [[καρχαρίας]] m. Art Haifisch (Pl. Kom., Sophr. u. a.; vgl. Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 45).<br />'''Etymology''': Onomatopoetische Reduplikationsbildung (Schwyzer 423). Man vergleicht aind. ''khára''- [[hart]], [[rauh]], [[scharf]], neupers. ''xār''(''ā'') [[Fels]], [[Dorn]], auch toch. A ''tsär'' [[rauh]]; letzteres jedenfalls sehr fraglich, s. Pedersen Tocharisch 242f. m. A. 1. Nach Leumann Hom. Wörter 156 wäre [[κάρχαρος]] aus hom. καρχαρόδοντες abstrahiert. — Eine unaspirierte Nebenform ist κάρκαροι· τραχεῖς H. (vgl. s. v.). Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 355, Mayrhofer Wb. s. ''kharaḥ''¹.<br />'''Page''' 1,796