οὕτως: Difference between revisions

|Definition=and before a consonant οὕτω (but sometimes [[οὕτως]] before a consonant, Ar.''Av.''63, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 522c, D.23.34, ''PPetr.''2p.20 (iii B. C.), ''PTeb.'' 124.18 (ii B. C.), etc., and [[οὕτω]] before a vowel is found in Ep. Poets and Ion. Prose, v. fin.); in Att. strengthened<br><span class="bld">A</span> οὑτωσί [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 503d, etc.; [[οὑτωσίν]] Hdn.Gr.1.509.2; v. [[οὗτος Α]]:—Adv. of [[οὗτος]], [[in this way]] or [[manner]], [[so]], [[thus]]: [[οὕτως]] is antec. to [[ὡς]], Il.4.178, Od.4.148, etc.; in Att. also [[οὕτως]] ὥσπερ S.''Tr.''475, etc.; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ... οὕτω καὶ</b>… [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.21; <b class="b3">ὡσαύτως, ὥσπερ... οὕτω καὶ</b>… Pl.''Ion''534a; also [[οὕτως]], [[ὅπως]]… S.''Tr.''330, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.1.2; ''poet.'' also <b class="b3">ὥστε... οὕτω δὲ</b>… S.''Tr.''116 (lyr.): [[οὕτως]] is freq. left out after ὡς, ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐποίουν ταῦτα Th. 8.1, cf. Theoc.7.45 sq.—In Prose, the relat. Pron. freq. follows instead of [[ὥστε]], v. infr. III: when two modes are opposed, they are freq. expressed by [[οὕτω]] and ἐκείνως, τότε μὲν ἐκείνως, νῦν δ' οὕτω Isoc. 12.172; οὕτω ῥᾷον ἢ 'κείνως [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 370a, etc.—sometimes [[οὕτω]] or -ως refers to what follows, [[thus]], [[as follows]], <b class="b3">οὕτω χρὴ ποιεῖν</b>: [[ἐὰν]]… X.''An.''2.2.2; οὑτωσὶ δὲ λογίζεσθε D.18.244; <b class="b3">οὕτω πως ὑπείληφα</b> ib.269; <b class="b3">οὑτωσί πως</b> followed by a quotation, Pl.''Ap.''28c; <b class="b3">καὶ οὕτως</b> even [[so]], even [[on this supposition]], Th.1.10; οὐδ' οὕτως Id.2.76, 6.89, Lys.1.14, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in X.''An.''4.8.3: strengthened οὕτω δή Il.2.158; οὕτω γὰρ δή τοι 15.201; <b class="b3">οὕτω δή τι</b>, v. infr. III; also <b class="b3">οὕτω που</b> [[so]] I ween, 2.116, Od.9.262, etc.; οὕτω πῃ Il.24.373; <b class="b3">ὣς ὁ μὲν οὕτως ἐστὶ σόος</b> [[so in this way]] is he saved, Od.19.300:—Phrases:<br><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">οὕτω δὴ ἔσται</b> [[so]] it shall be, ratifying what goes before, 11.348; ἔσσεται οὕτως 16.31, etc.: in Prose [[οὕτως]] alone in answers, [[even so]], [[just so]], X.''Oec.''1.9; so ἢ οὐχ οὕτως;—οὕτω μὲν οὖν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 551b, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> emphat. with the imper., [[just]], [[without more ado]], ἔρρ' οὕτως Il.22.498, cf. 21.184, Od. 6.218, 17.447; but, <b class="b3">οὕτω νῦν ἀπόπεμπε</b> [[as you say]], 5.146.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in wishes or prayers, [[so]], i.e. if you grant my prayer, οὕτως ἔρως σοι… τελεσφόρος γένοιτο E.''Med.''714; οὕτω τί σοι δοίησαν αἱ Μοῦσαι… τοῦτον… δεῖρον Herod.3.1; also in protestations, [[so]], i.e. only if what I say is true, <b class="b3">οὕτως ὀναίμην τῶν τέκνων, μισῶ τὸν ἄνδρ'</b> (as in Engl., [[so]] help me God, [[so]] mote I thrive, etc.) Ar.''Th.''469, cf. Men.''Epit.''530, Herod.7. 25, Aristaenet.2.13; <b class="b3">οὕτω… νομιζοίμην σοφός, ὡς</b>… Ar.''Nu.''520.<br><span class="bld">4</span> in colloquial phrase, beginning a story, <b class="b3">οὕτω ποτ' ἦν μῦς καὶ γαλῆ</b> [[there]] were once on a time... Id.''V.''1182; οὕτως ἦν νεανίσκος Id.''Lys.'' 785; ἦν οὕτω δὴ παῖς Pl.''Phdr.''237b.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[οὕτω]] with [[genitive]], <b class="b3">τούτων μὲν οὕτω</b> [[so much]] for this, A.''Ag.''950; <b class="b3">οὕτω καὶ τῶν οἰκονομικῶν</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] τῷ οἰκονομικῷ) [[so]] also of... Arist.''Pol.''1253b27; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ Χαλκὶς… τῆς Εὐβοίας… κεῖται, οὕτω Χερρονήσου… ἡ Καρδιανῶν πόλις</b> as Chalcis in respect of Euboea... [[so]] Cardia in respect of the Chersonese, D.23.182; so <b class="b3">οὕτως ἔχω τινός</b> or <b class="b3">περί τινος</b>, v. [[ἔχω]] (A) B. II. 2; also for εἰς τοῦτο, οὕτω δὲ τάρβους… ἀφικόμην E.''Ph.''361 codd. (dub. l.).<br><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ὁ οὕτω καλούμενος, ὀνομαζόμενος</b>, the [[so]]-called... τῶν Ῥιπαίων οὕτω καλουμένων Ael.''NA''11.1; τοῦ καὶ ὀνομασθέντος οὕτω ῥήτορος Hermog.''Id.''2.11; <b class="b3">Ποταμὸς δῆμος οὕτω καλούμενος</b> P., a deme of [[that]] name, Str.9.1.22.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[οὕτω]], or <b class="b3">οὕτω δή</b>, freq. introduces the apodosis after a protasis, ἐπειδὴ περιελήλυθε ὁ πόλεμος... οὕτω δὴ Γέλωνος μνῆστις γέγονε Hdt.7.158, cf. 150, Th.1.131, 2.12,19, etc.; esp. after parts., <b class="b3">ἐν κλιβάνῳ πνίξαντες, οὕτω τρώγουσι</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">ἐπειδὰν πνίξωσιν, οὕτω</b>... Hdt. 2.92, cf. 100; also [[οὕτω]] δή Id.7.174; τὰ ἄλλα καταστρεψάμενος, οὕτως… στρατεῦσαι ὕστερον Th.3.96; εἰς τὰ σκληρότατα ἀποβλέποντες, οὕτως ἂν μᾶλλον συννοήσαιμεν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 44e, cf. ''Grg.''457d, 507e, ''Ap.''29b; so ἔπειτα οὕτως X.''An.''7.1.4: so also after the gen. abs., ὡς… τῶν ἡγεμόνων ὑμῖν μὴ μεμπτῶν γεγενημένων, οὕτω τὴν γνώμην ἔχετε Th.7.15, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.11, ''An.''1.3.6, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> sometimes in a really inferential sense, as we say [[so]] for [[therefore]], S.''Ant.''677; οὕτω δή [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 61b, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[to such an extent]], [[so]], [[so much]], [[so very]], [[so excessively]], καλὸς οὕτω Il.3.169; <b class="b3">πρυμνόθεν οὕτως</b> [[so]] entirely, A.''Th.''1061 (anap.), cf. Th. 2.47, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.3.8; οὕτως τι Ar.''Av.''63: freq. followed by [[ὡς]] or [[ὥστε]], Hdt.1.32, X.''An.''7.4.3, etc.: sometimes the relat. [[ὅς]] takes the place of <b class="b3">ὥστε, κρήνη οὕτω δή τι ἐοῦσα πικρή, ἣ… κιρνᾷ</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ὥστε κιρνᾶν</b>) Hdt.4.52; οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω μῶρος ὃς θανεῖν ἐρᾷ S.''Ant.''220; <b class="b3">τίς δ' οὕτως ἄνους ὃς</b>…; Ar. ''Ach.''736, cf. D.8.44; also <b class="b3">δυσχείμερος αὕτη ἡ… χώρη οὕτω δή τί ἐστι, ἔνθα</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ὥστε ἐνταῦθα</b>) τοὺς μὲν ὀκτὼ τῶν μηνῶν ἀφόρητος οἷος γίνεται κρυμός Hdt.4.28: sometimes no connecting Particle is used, <b class="b3">αἱ [κεφαλαὶ] οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας</b> [[so excessively]] hard, you could scarcely break them, Id.3.12.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Sup. Adj., τῆς οὕτω μεγίστης ἐγχειρήσεως ἀποσφαλείς Zos.5.19.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> sts., like [[αὔτως]], with a diminishing power, [[so]], [[merely so]], [[simply]], in Hom. always <b class="b3">μὰψ οὕτω</b>, Il.2.120 (for without [[μάψ]] he always uses [[αὔτως]]), cf. Hdt.1.5; μὴ διὰ μέθης… ἀλλ' οὕτω πίνοντας πρὸς ἡδονήν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 176e, cf. ''Grg.''494e, ''Phdr.''235c, ''Tht.''147c, 158b, [[Theophrastus]] ''De Odoribus'' 67, etc.; ἐν συνουσίᾳ καὶ διατριβῇ οὕτως ἰδίᾳ D.21.71, cf. 1.20; <b class="b3">τοὺς ὀδόντας… οὕτως ἂν τοῖς δακτύλοις αὐτοῖς… παρατρίβειν</b>, i.e. without a dentifrice, Diocl. Fr.141; so οὕτω γε ἀπὸ στόματος Pl.''Tht.''142d; οὕτω ποτέ Id.''Ly.'' 216c; οὕτω πως D.1.20; also, [[off-hand]], [[at once]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 464b, etc.; ἁπλῶς οὕτως Id.''Lg.''633c; ἀλλ' οὕτως ἄπει; [[so]], [[without]] a [[word]] [[more]]… ? S.''Ph.''1067; ἢ στραφεὶς οὕτως ἴω; Id.''Ant.''315, cf. E.''Heracl.''374 (lyr.); ἐφεξῆς οὑτωσὶ καθεζόμενος D.21.119; <b class="b3">ὡς οὕτω γ' ἀκοῦσαι</b> [[at first]] hearing, Pl.''Eu[[Theophrastus]] ''3b; so ὥς γε οὑτωσὶ ἀκοῦσαι Id.''Ly.''216a; ἀκούειν μὲν οὕτως ἁπλῶς Id.''Phlb.''12c; <b class="b3">οὐ… οὕτως ἄπει</b>, = [[impune]], E.''Alc.''680.<br><span class="bld">V</span> as Hebraism, [[οὕτως]], = [[such a person]] (thing), οὕτως οὐδέποτε εἴδαμεν ''Ev.Marc.''2.12, cf. [[LXX]] ''Ge.''29.26, ''Ev.Matt.''9.33, ''Ev.Luc.''2.48, al.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Position of [[οὕτω]] or [[οὕτως]], mostly [[before]] the word which it limits, but in Poets sometimes [[after]], καλὸς οὕτω Il.3.169; οὐδέ τι λίην οὕτω νώνυμός ἐστιν Od.13.239; <b class="b3">ἔρημος οὕτω, ἄγαν οὕτω</b>, S.''Ph.''487, 598: rarely at the end of a clause, Od.18.255, Hdt.7.170 (dub. l.): sometimes separated from the word which it limits, οὕτως ἔχει τι δεινόν; S.''Ph.'' 104; οὕτως ἐπὶ δεινὰς ἁρπαγάς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 391d, cf. Th.2.11; <b class="b3">οὕτω δ' ἦν ὁ Φίλιππος ἐν φόβῳ... ὥστε</b>… D.18.33.<br><span class="bld">C</span> Prosody. The last [[syllable]] of [[οὕτω]] is short before a vowel in Il.3.169, Od.3.315. The ι of [[οὑτωσί]] is always long, v. [[οὗτος]] init.