ἀλλά: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Conj., orig. neut. pl. of [[ἄλλος]],<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[otherwise]]: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than [[δέ]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> in simple oppositions, [[but]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> after neg. clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ' ἀγαθός Thgn.212; οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλ'.. ἐφορμᾶται Il.15.690, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after a simple neg., ἦ παραφρονεῖς; οὔκ, ἀλλ' ὕπνος μ' ἔχει Ar.''V.''9, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> freq. after <b class="b3">οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον</b>, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ πολλάκις Pl.''Phdr.''228a, cf. Th. 3.59, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.4.13, etc.; without μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας E.''Fr.''1006: also after [[οὐχ]] (or [[μὴ]] (<b class="b3"> ὅτι, οὐχ</b> (or [[μὴ]]) <b class="b3"> ὅπως</b>, [[either]], not only.. but... μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα Pl.''Ap.''40d; μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν Id.''Smp.'' 207e; or, not only not.. but... οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. περιόψεσθε Th.1.35; οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλ' ἐζήλουν D.19.265; the neg. form is <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ</b> δίκην εἴρηκα Is.10.1, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, [[still]], [[at least]], εἴπερ γάρ τε.. ἀλλά τε Il.1.82, etc.: in Prose, esp. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν.. γε</b> or ἀλλά.. γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλὰ οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.140; <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὁρῶ]]) <b class="b3">, ἀλλ' ἀκούω γε</b>, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 470d, cf. Isoc.3.15,al.; εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλ' οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 91b (in later Gk. <b class="b3">ἀλλά γε</b> may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί ''1 Ep.Cor.''9.2, and <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γε δή</b> is found with [[variae lectiones|vv.ll.]] in Pl.''Phdr.''262a); <b class="b3">εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι.. ἀλλ' οὐ</b>.. Arist. ''Pol.''1282a11:—less freq. after Conjunctions of [[time]], as ἐπεὶ δή Od.14.151; ἐπεί S.''OC''241.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., [[ἀ]]. is used elliptically, esp. with Advbs. of [[time]], <b class="b3">ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γ' ἀλλὰ νῦν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀλλὰ νῦν γε</b>) S.''El.''411, cf. ''Ant.'' 552, E.''Heracl.''565; ἀλλὰ τῷ χρόνῳ Id.''Med.''912; <b class="b3">ἐὰν οὖν ἀλλὰ νῦν γ' ἔτι</b>, i.e.<b class="b3">ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀλλὰ νῦν γε</b>.. if then now [[at least]] ye still... D.3.33, cf. Lys.10.15:—without an Adv. of [[time]], [[at least]], ἡ δ' ἀλλὰ πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον Ar.''Pax''660, cf. S.''OC''1276, E.''HF'' 331.<br><span class="bld">3</span> sts.= <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἤ</b> ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), [[except]], [[but]], <b class="b3">οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ… τοκῆε</b> no one else, [[but]]... Od.8.312; οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀλλὰ οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα 12.404; ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀλλὰ ἐγώ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1331; ἡδέα.. οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλλὰ τούτοις [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1176a22, cf. 1152b30: cf. reverse process in our word [[but=be out]], [[except]]:—sts. with force of [[ἤ]] after comparatives, <b class="b3">τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀλλὰἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ</b>. not that in which they are lying, [[but]] far more... Th.2.43; οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀλλὰ δαπάνης Id.1.83.<br><span class="bld">4</span> with neg. after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by [[not]], ἀγαθῶν, ἀλλὰ οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον Lys.14.16; τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀλλὰ μὴ τῶν φαύλων Isoc.1.2; ἐκεῖθεν, ἀλλὰ οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη Pl.''Phdr.''229d:—after a question, <b class="b3">τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀλλὰ οὐχὶ προειπεῖν</b>; [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.19, cf. Isoc.15.229, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> without neg., μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀλλὰ μαχητής Il.5.801.<br><span class="bld">II</span> to oppose whole sentences, [[but]], [[yet]]:<br><span class="bld">1</span> freq. in transitions, as Il.1.135, 140, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς</b>.. 1.116; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ οὐδ' ὥς</b>.. Od. 1.6:—after Hom. in answers and objections, nay but... well but... freq. with negs., especially in making and answering objections, Ar. ''Ach.''402, 407; also in affirmative answers, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 330b, ''Grg.''449a, etc.:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, <b class="b3">πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι..; ἀλλὰ ἀπῄτουν; ἀλλὰ περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενος; ἀλλὰ μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησα</b>; X.''An.''5.8.4, cf. Pl.''Thg.'' 123e, Isoc. 17.47; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μήν</b>... answered by [[ἀ]]... Arist.''Pol.''1287a23:—in vehement answers Pl. often uses <b class="b3">νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ.... μὰ Δἴ ἀ.</b>.. ''Grg.'' 481c, ''Phlb.''36a, cf. ''Alc.''1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, Od.4.472, cf.X.''Smp.''1, Men.''Georg.''22.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with imper. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., freq. in Hom., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ἄγε, ἴθι</b>, Il.1.210, 11.611; ἀλλὰ ἴομεν 6.526; ἀλλὰ πίθεσθε 1.259; after voc., ὦ Φίντις, ἀλλὰ ζεῦξον Pi.''O.''6.22, cf. Tyrt. 10.15, etc.; answered by a second ἀλλὰ, ἀλλὰ περιμένετε. ἀλλὰ περιμενοῦμεν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 327b; ἀλλ' ἕρπεθ' ὡς τάχιστα S.''OC''1643, cf. ''Ant.''1029, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> to break off a subject abruptly, ἀλλὰ τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν Od.15.523; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγειν</b>; S.''Ph.''11, cf. ''Tr.''467, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> in resuming an address after parenthesis, Pi.''O.''2.12, 4.7.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in elliptical phrases, <b class="b3">οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ, οὐ μέντοι ἀ</b>… [[it is not [so]]], [[but]]... <b class="b3">ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀλλὰ ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος</b> it did not however [throw him], [[but]]... [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.8; οὐ μέντοι ἀλλὰ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 173b; οὐ γὰρ ἀλλὰ Ar.''Ra.''58,498:—after δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μ' ἀλλὰ παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε E.''Hec.''391.<br><span class="bld">III</span> when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as,<br><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄρα</b>, used by Hom. in transitions, Il.6.418, 12.320, etc.; later, to introduce an objection, Pl. ''Ap.''25a; in questions,<b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἆρα</b>..; Id.''R.''381b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν</b>, concessive, [[at all events]], Ar.''Ra.''1298; τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀλλὰ οὖνπροσεποιοῦνθ' ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι Aeschin.3.86; [[well then]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 310a; [[but then]], [[however]], with γε following, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.140, S.''Ant.''84, E.''Cyc.''652, Isoc.3.18, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν γε</b> in apodosi, v. supr. 1.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γάρ</b>, freq. with words between, [[but really]], [[certainly]], as <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω... παύσω γόους</b>, but this is irreg. for <b class="b3">ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους</b>, E.''Ph.''1308, cf. S.''Ant.''148; for the reg. order cf. S. ''Ph.''81, E.''Heracl.''480, ''Med.''1067; freq. elliptical, the Verb being understood, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.8, A.''Pr.''941, S.''Ant.''155: in Hom. only with negs., ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ Il.7.242, Od.14.355, al., cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1409; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γὰρ δή, ἀλλὰ γάρ τοι</b>, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''167, ''Ph.''81.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ εἰ</b>.. quid si.. ? Il.16.559.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ἦ</b> in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, A. ''Ch.''220, S.''El.''879, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''1111; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομεν</b>; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 447a, cf. ''Prt.''309c.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[ἀ]]. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Il. 17.514; esp. c. imper., 1.211, al.; ἀλλά τοι Od. 15.518, A.''Pers.''795, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μέντοι</b>, with or without γε, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 214e, ''Hp.Ma.''287d, al.; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μήν</b>, v. [[μήν]]; [[ἀλλὰ δή]], mostly with words between, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1271, ''OC''586, Isoc.4.109, etc.; without intervening words, Pl.''Ap.''37c, al.; ἀλλὰ δῆτα Id.''Hp.Ma.''285c; ἀλλὰ μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός Id.''Tht.''143b, cf. S.''El.''103.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> = [[et quidem]], Olymp. ''in Mete.''1.13, al.