θεός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, Boeot. [[θιός]], Lacon. [[σιός]] (v. infr.), Cypr., Cret. [[θιός]] ''Inscr.Cypr.''135.27 H., ''Leg.Gort.''1.1, Dor. also [[θεύς]] Call.''Cer.''58; acc. [[θεῦν]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] ib.130; voc. (only late) [[θεός]], also<br><span class="bld">A</span> θεέ [[LXX]] ''De.''3.24, ''Ev.Matt.'' 27.46, ''PMag.Lond.''121.529, etc.; but classical in compd. names, [[Ἀμφίθεος|Ἀμφίθεε]], [[Τιμόθεος|Τιμόθεε]]:—[[God]], the [[deity|Deity]], in general sense, both sg. and pl. (εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ θεὸν ἁρμόζει μεταφέρειν Plot.6.8.1), <b class="b3">θ. δὲ τὸ μὲν δώσει τὸ δ' ἐάσει</b> ''God'' will [[grant]]... Od.14.444; οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως οὐδὲ θ. τεύξειε 8.177, cf. 3.231, Il.13.730 (also θεὸς Ζεύς Od.4.236, 14.327); θ. καὶ ἀγαθὴ τύχη Pl.''Lg.''757e, cf. Timocl.3 D.; σὺν θεῷ Il.9.49, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''765, etc. (less freq. <b class="b3">ξὺν τῷ θ.</b> ib.383); <b class="b3">σὺν θ. εἰρημένον</b> [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.86, cf. 3.153; σὺν θ. εἰπεῖν Pl.''Prt.''317b: so in plural, σύν γε θεοῖσιν Il.24.430; οὔ τοι ἄνευ θεοῦ Od.2.372; <b class="b3">οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ</b> pi.''P.''5.76; ἐκ θεόφι Il.17.101; <b class="b3">ὑπὲρ θεόν</b> [[against his will]], 17.327; ἂν θ. θέλῃ Alex. 231; θ. θέλοντος Men.''Mon.''671: in plural, ἂν θεοὶ θέλωσιν Alex.247; [[θεῶν]] [[συνεθελόντων]], [[βουλομένων]], X.''Eq.Mag.''9.8, Luc.''Macr.''29; εἰ ὀρθῶς ἢ μή, θ. οἶδε [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''266b, cf.''R.''517b, etc.; in oaths, θ. ἴστω S.''OC''522 (lyr.), etc.; πρὸς θεῶν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.49, D.1.15, etc.: [[τοὺς θεούς σοι]] = [[bless you]]!, [[good heavens]]!, [[for heaven's sake]]! M.Ant.7.17, Arr.''Epict.''2.19.15, al.; <b class="b3">τὸν θ. σοι</b> ib.3.7.19, al.: qualified by τις, Od.9.142, etc.; οὐκ ἄνευ θεῶν τινος A.''Pers.''164 (troch.), E.''Ba.''764; κατὰ θεόν τινα Id.''IA''411, Pl. ''Euthd.''272e; κατὰ θεόν πως εἰρημένα Id.''Lg.''682a: doubled in poets, θεὸν θεόν τις ἀγλαϊζέτω B.3.21, cf. Diagor.1; θεοὶ θεοὶ τῶν ἀδίκων μέλουσι E.''HF''772, cf. Paus.Gr.''Fr.''203; [[θεοί]] (Cret. [[θιοί]]) as an opening formula in Inscrr. (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τύχην ἀγαθὴν διδοῖεν</b>), ''Leg.Gort.''1.1, ''IG'' 12.52, etc.: sg., <b class="b3">θ. τύχη</b> ib.5(2).1, etc.: in Prose also with the Art., ὁ θ. πάντων ἂν εἴη αἴτιος Pl.''R.''379c, cf. ''Lg.''716c, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θ., τὰ παρὰ τῶν θ.</b>, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.3.1, 2.6.8.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[θεοί]], opp. ἄνδρες, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544; ὃν Ξάνθον καλέουσι θ., ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον 20.74: in Comparisons, θεοῖσιν ἶσ' ἔθελε φρονέειν 5.440; θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μήδεα Od.13.89; also in sg., θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν Il.19.250; θεὸς ὥς 5.78; ὥς τε θεός 3.381: [[proverb|prov.]], [[θεὸς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους]], of an '[[angel]]'s [[visit]]', Herod.1.9.<br><span class="bld">c</span> of special divinities, <b class="b3">νέρτεροι θεοί</b> A.''Pers.''622, S.''Ant.''602 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐνέρτεροι θεοί</b> Il.15.225; <b class="b3">οἱ κάτωθεν θεοί</b> S.''Ant.''1070; θεοὶ οὐράνιοι ''h.Cer.''55, A.''Ag.''90 (anap.); <b class="b3">οἱ δώδεκα θεοί</b> [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''235, X.''Eq.Mag.''3.2, ''IG''22.30, etc.; <b class="b3">μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεούς</b> Men.''Sam.''91; in dual, <b class="b3">τὼ σιώ</b> (Lacon.), of [[Castor]] and [[Pollux]], <b class="b3">ναὶ τὼ σ.</b> X.''An.''6.6.34, ''HG''4.4.10, Ar.''Lys.''81: so in Boeot., of [[Amphion]] and [[Zethus]], <b class="b3">νεὶ τὼ σιώ</b> (leg. [[θιώ]]) Id.''Ach.''905.<br><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ὁ θεός</b>, of [[natural]] [[phenomenon|phenomena]], <b class="b3">ὁ θεός ὕει</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[Ζεύς]]) [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.13; ὁ θεός ἐνέσκηψε βέλος Id.4.79; <b class="b3">ἔσεισεν ὁ θεός</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[Ποσειδῶν]]) X.''HG''4.7.4; of the sun, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.24, A.''Pers.'' 502, E.''Alc.''722; <b class="b3">δύνοντος τοῦ θεοῦ</b> App.''BC''4.79; the [[weather]], <b class="b3">τί δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ</b>; [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''25.2.<br><span class="bld">e</span> Astrol., [[θεοί]] = [[ἀστέρες]], Jul. Laod.in ''Cat.Cod.Astr.''8(4).252.<br><span class="bld">f</span> [[θεός]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[Ἥλιος]]), name of the 9th [[τόπος]], Rhetor.ib.163, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., of abstract things, τὸ δ' [[εὐτυχεῖν]] τόδ' ἐν βροτοῖς θεός τε καὶ θεοῦ πλέον A.''Ch.''60; ἡ [[φρόνησις]] ἁγαθὴ θ. μέγας S.''Fr.''922; θ. γὰρ καὶ τὸ [[γιγνώσκειν]] φίλους E.''Hel.''†60; <b class="b3">ὁ πλοῦτος τοῖς σοφοῖς θεός</b> Id.''Cyc.''316; <b class="b3">φθόνος κάκιστος θεός</b> [[Hippothoon]] 2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> as title of rulers, <b class="b3">θεῶν ἀδελφῶν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[Ptolemy]] II and [[Arsinoe]]), Herod.1.30, etc.; [[Πτολεμαῖος]] ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ θεᾶς ''OGI''90.10 (Rosetta, ii B.C.); [[Ἀντίοχος]] ὅτῳ θεὸς ἐπώνυμον γίγνεται App.''Syr.''65; <b class="b3">θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ</b>, of [[Augustus]], ''OGI''655.2 (Egypt, 24 B.C.); θ. ἡμῶν καὶ δεσπότης ''IPE''4.71 (Cherson., ii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> = Lat. [[Divus]], Mon.Anc.Gr.10.4, Str.4.1.1, etc.; [[οἱ ἐν θεοῖς αὐτοκράτορες]] = [[divi Imperatores]], IG12(1).786 (Rhodes).<br><span class="bld">c</span> generally of [[the dead]], καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος ''PPetr.''2p.45 (iii B.C.); [[θεοῖς χθονίοις]] = Lat. [[Dis Manibus]], IG14.30,al.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[one set in authority]], [[judge]], <b class="b3">τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ</b>, [[LXX]] ''Ex.''21.6, 22.8; <b class="b3">θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις</b> ib.22.28(27).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[θεός]] fem., [[goddess]], μήτε θήλεια θεός, μήτε τις ἄρσην Il.8.7, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.35, al.; τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχομαι πᾶσι καὶ πάσαις D.18.1, cf. 141, Orac.ib.21.52; esp. at Athens, of Athena, Decr. ap. And.1.77, Pl.''Ti.''21a, etc.; <b class="b3">ἁ Διὸς θεός, Ζηνὸς ἡ θ.</b>, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''401 (lyr.), 952 (<b class="b3">ἡ Διὸς θεά</b> ib.450); of other goddesses, ποντία θεός Pi.''I.'' 8(7).36; <b class="b3">ἡ νερτέρα θεός</b> = [[Περσεφόνη]], S.''OC''1548, etc.; of Thetis, Pl. ''Ap.''28c; of Niobe, S.''El.''150 (lyr.), ''Ant.''834 (anap.): in dual, of [[Demeter]] and [[Persephone]], τὰ τοῖν θεοῖν ψηφίσματα Ar.''V.''378 (lyr.); οὐδ' ἔδεισε τὼ θεώ And.1.125; freq. in oaths, νὴ τὼ θεώ Ar.''Lys.''112; μὰ τὼ θεώ Id.''Ec.''155,532.<br><span class="bld">III</span> as adjective in Comp. [[θεώτερος]], [[divine]], <b class="b3">θύραι θ.</b>, opp. <b class="b3">καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν</b>, Od.13.111; <b class="b3">χορὸς θ.</b> Call.''Ap.'' 93, cf.''Dian.''249, D.P.257. (Derived by [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.52 fr. [[τίθημι]] (κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πρήγματα), by [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''397d fr. [[θεῖν]]. Etym. dub.) [In Ep. (twice in Hom.) and Trag. (E.''Ba.''47, 1347, al., not in Com.), as monosyll. by synizesis, θεοί Il.1.18, Thgn.142; θεῶν ''h.Cer.''55, 259; θεοῖς Thgn.171; θεοῖσιν Od.14.251; θεούς ''h.Cer.''325: even in nom. [[θεός]] before a vowel, E.''Or.''399 (cf. Pors. ad loc.), ''HF''347; in Pi.''P.'' 1.56 apptly. a short monosyll.]