ψεύδω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=S.''Ant.''389, etc.: <span class="bld">A</span> fut. ψεύσω Id.''OC''628, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.5.13: aor. ἔψευσα A.''Pers.''472, Plb.18.11.11, etc.:—Pass., fut. ψευσθήσομαι S.''Tr.''712, Gal.15.143: aor. ἐψεύσθην [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.141, etc.: pf. [[ἔψευσμαι]] (v. infr.); imper. ἐψεύσθω Aeschin.1.162:—[[cheat by lies]], [[beguile]], τινα S.''OC''628, etc.:—Pass., to [[be cheated]], [[be deceived]], A.''Ch.''759, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι</b> [[unless]] [[I am]] [[much]] [[deceived]], Antipho 3.2.1.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[cheat]], [[balk]], [[disappoint]] one of a thing, ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς E.''Hec.''1031; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A.''Pers.''472; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος Ar.''Th.''870; πιστεύω.. μὴ ψεύσειν με.. τὰς ἐλπίδας [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.5.13; πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς E.''Fr.'' 650:—Pass., to [[be cheated]], [[be balked]], [[be disappointed]], τινος of a thing, <b class="b3">ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.141, 5.47; ἐνάρων [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''178(lyr.); δείπνου Ar.''Nu.''618 (troch.); <b class="b3">ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν</b> [[disappointed]] of receiving [[tiding]]s from the [[scout]]s, Th.8.103.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in Pass., also, to [[be deceived]], [[be mistaken in]] or [[be mistaken about]] a thing, <b class="b3">ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης</b> [[deceived]] in their [[judgement]], [[mistaken]] in [[opinion]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.40, cf. S.''Tr.'' 712 (also [[ψευσθῆναι]] γνώμῃ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.9.γ) <b class="b3">; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως</b> [[deceived]] or [[mistaken]] in their [[notion]]s of the [[Athenian]] [[power]], Th.4.108; <b class="b3">πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας</b> you have often had a [[mistaken]] [[idea]] of a [[man]]'s [[wealth]], Lys.19.45; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl.''Ap.''22d; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id.''R.''413a; τῆς ὥρας And.1.38; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl.''Tht.''195a; <b class="b3">ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς</b>, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.26; also [[ψευσθῆναι]] ἔν τισι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.48; περί τινος X.''An.''2.6.28, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 358c: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X.''An.''1.8.11, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς</b> [[deceived]] in its [[estimate]] of them, Th.6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. [[corrupt]], and should perhaps be omitted): c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος</b> [[most]] [[happily]] [[deceived]] or [[mistaken]], Pl.''Men.''71d: more rarely in Act., <b class="b3">καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ</b> thou hast much [[belied]] my [[expectation]], i.e. turned out [[better]] than I [[fear]]ed, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1382.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of statements, to [[be untrue]], <b class="b3">ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται</b> the [[third]] [[mode]] of [[explanation]] [[is]] [[most]] [[untrue]], [[most]] [[mistaken]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.22.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. acc. rei, like [[ψευδοποιέω]] ''ΙΙ'', [[represent]] a thing as a [[lie]], [[falsify]], ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν [[σῆμα]] τῶν προκειμένων S.''OC''1512 (prob. for [[σημάτων]]) <b class="b3">; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην</b> [[afterthought]] [[give]]s [[opinion]] the [[lie]], Id.''Ant.''389:—Pass., <b class="b3">ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων</b> if his [[word]] [[prove]] (lit. [[be proved]]) [[false]], Id.''Ph.''1342; <b class="b3">ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις</b> the [[promise]] [[broken]], Th.3.66; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται have been [[falsely]] [[report]]ed, D.52.23; in E.''Andr.''346 for <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται</b> = [[it will be falsely said]], Porson's correction [[ἐψεύσεται]] is probable ([[πεύσεται]] Kiehl).<br><span class="bld">B</span> earlier and more common [[ψεύδομαι]], imper. ψεύδεο Il.4.404 (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor [[ἐψευσάμην]], v. infr.: fut. 2 [[ἐψεύσομαι]] ([[will have made a false statement]]) Gal.15.137([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]): pf. ἔψευσμαι X.''An.''1.3.10.<br><span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[lie]], [[speak false]], [[play false]], ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il.10.534, Od.4.140; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι ''h.Merc.''369; οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi.''O.''13.52; περί τινος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 347a; <b class="b3">ψ. κατά τινος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος</b>, Id.''Euthd.''284a, Lys.22.7; ψ. πρός τινα X.''An.''1.3.5; ψ. τινι ''Act.Ap.'' 5.4 and εἴς τινα ''Ep.Col.''3.9.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[say falsely]], [[pretend]] that... Plu.2.506d.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. rei, [[say that which is untrue]], whether [[intentionally]] or not, τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar.''Ec.''445; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id.''Ach.''561; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν [[φρονεῖν]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''461; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω... εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 214e, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.19; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys.3.21.<br><span class="bld">4</span> to [[be false]] or [[be faithless]], to [[be perjured]] or [[be forsworn]], Hes.''Op.''283.<br><span class="bld">5</span> ὁ [[ψευδόμενος]], the [[liar|Liar]], name of a [[fallacy]] or [[logical]] [[puzzle]] [[invent]]ed by [[Eubulides]], a disciple of [[Euclides]] of Megara, [[Theophrastus]] ap. D.L.2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92 ([[ψευδόμενος]] is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1146a22).<br><span class="bld">II</span> like Act. ''ΙΙ'', [[belie]], [[falsify]], [[ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι]] = [[break]] [[oath]]s, Il.7.352; so συνθήκας ψ. X.''Ages.''1.12; γάμους E.''Ba.'' 31,245; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th.5.83; so also <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς</b> [[they]] did not [[belie]], i.e. they made [[good]], their [[threat]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.32; <b class="b3">τὰ χρήματα.. ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν</b> had broken their [[word]] about the [[money]], X.''An.''5.6.35.<br><span class="bld">III</span> like Act. ''1'', [[deceive by lies]], [[cheat]], Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A.''Ag.''1208, cf. X.''HG''3.1.25; also <b class="b3">ψ. τινά τι</b> [[deceive]] one in a thing, S.''OC''1145, E.''Alc.''808; <b class="b3">ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι</b> and therein I [[will]] not [[disappoint]] him (ironical), i.e. I will [[carry out]] my [[threat]], And.1.123; <b class="b3">τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται</b> ([[ὧν]] being in gen. by [[attraction]]) Pl.''Lg.''921a.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of combinations of words, [[make a false statement]], Arist.''Int.''16a3.