φύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Il.6.148, etc.; Aeol. [[φυίω]] fort. leg. in Alc.97: impf. [[ἔφυον]], Ep.3sg.<br><span class="bld">A</span> φύεν Il.14.347: fut. φύσω [ῡ] 1.235, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''438: aor. ἔφῡσα Od.10.393, etc.:—Pass. and Med., 9.109, Pi.''O.''4.28, etc.: fut. φύσομαι A.''Pr.''871, Hp.''Mochl.''42, Pl.''Lg.''831a, etc.: similar in sense are the intr. tenses, pf. πέφῡκα Od.7.114, etc., Ep.3pl. πεφύᾱσι Il.4.484, Od.7.128; 3sg. subj. [[πεφύῃ]] (ἐμ-) Thgn.396; Ep. part. fem. [[πεφυυῖα]] (ἐμ-) Il.1.513, acc. pl. πεφυῶτας Od.5.477; Dor. inf. πεφύκειν Epich.173.3: plpf. ἐπεφύκειν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.1.9, Pl.''Ti.'' 69e; Ep. [[πεφύκειν]] Il.4.109; Ep. 3pl. ἐπέφῡκον Hes.''Th.''152, ''Op.''149: aor. 2 ἔφῡν (as if from [[φῦμι]]) Od.10.397, etc.: Ep. 3sg. φῦ Il.6.253, etc., 3pl. [[ἔφυν]] (for ἔφῡσαν, which is also 3pl. of aor. 1) Od.5.481, etc.; subj. [[φύω]] or φυῶ E.''Fr.''377.2, Pl.''R.''415c, 597c, Hp.''Carn.''12; 3sg. opt. φύη Theoc.15.94, (συμ-) Sor.2.89; inf. [[φῦναι]], Ep. [[φύμεναι]] Theoc. 25.39, φῦν Parm.8.10; part. φύς Od.18.410, etc., Boeot. fem. φοῦσα Corinn.21: [[ἔφυσεν]], = [[ἔφυ]], dub. in ''IG''14.2126.5 (Rome); conversely [[ἔφυ]], = [[ἔφυσεν]], ib.3.1350, ''Sammelb.''5883 (Cyrene): later, fut. φυήσω [[LXX]] ''Is.''37.31, Pass. φυήσομαι ''Gp.''2.37.1, Them.''Or.''21.248c (in Luc. ''JTr.''19 [[ἀναφύσεσθαι]] is restored): aor. 2 Pass. ἐφύην J.''AJ''18.1.1, prob. in ''BSA''28.124 (Didyma), (ἀν-) Thphr.''HP''4.16.2; inf. φυῆναι Dsc.2.6, (ἀνα-) D.S.1.7; part. φῠείς Hp.''Nat.Puer.''22, ''Trag.Adesp.'' 529, ''PTeb.''787.30 (ii B. C.), ''Ev.Luc.''8.6: aor. 1 Pass. συμ-φυθείς Gal. 7.725. [Generally ῠ before a vowel, Ep., Trag. (A.''Th.''535, S.''Fr.'' 910.2), etc., ῡ before a consonant; but φῡει ''Trag.Adesp.''454.2, φῡεται S.''Fr.''88.4, ''Trag.Adesp.''543 ( = Men.565); φῡομεν [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''106; ἐφῡετο prob. in Ar.''Fr.''680, cf. Nic.''Al.''14, D.P.941, 1013; even in thesi, προσφῡονται Nic.''Al.''506, φῡουσιν D.P.1031; also in compds.]<br><span class="bld">A</span> trans., in pres., fut., and aor. 1 Act.:—[[bring forth]], [[produce]], [[put forth]], φύλλα . . ὕλη τηλεθόωσα φύει Il.6.148; τοῖσι δ' ὑπὸ χθὼν δῖα φύεν νεοθηλέα ποίην 14.347, cf. 1.235, Od.7.119, etc.; ἄμπελον φύει βροτοῖς E.''Ba.''651; so <b class="b3">τρίχες... ἃς πρὶν ἔφυσεν φάρμακον</b> made the hair [[grow]], Od.10.393, cf. A.''Th.''535; φ. χεῖρε, πόδε, ὀφθαλμὰ ἀνθρώποις [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.3.19; of a country, καρπόν τε θωμαστὸν φύειν καὶ ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.122; ὅσα γῆ φύει Pl.''R.''621a, cf. Anaxag.4.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[beget]], [[engender]], E.''Ph.''869, etc.; Ἄτλας . . θεῶν μιᾶς ἔφυσε Μαῖαν E. ''Ion''3, cf. ''Trag.Adesp.''454.2; so of God [[creating]] man, Antipho 4.1.2, cf. Plu.2.1065c; ὁ [[φύσας]] = the [[begetter]], [[father]] (opp. <b class="b3">ὁ φύς</b> the [[son]], v. infr. B.1.2), [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1019, Ar.''V.''1472 (lyr.); ὁ φ. πατήρ E.''Hel.''87; ὁ φ. χἠ τεκοῦσα Id.''Alc.''290; τὴν τεκοῦσαν ἢ τὸν φύσαντα Lys.10.8; of both parents, γονεῦσι οἵ σ' ἔφυσαν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''436; οἱ φύσαντες E.''Ph.''34, cf. ''Fr.'' 403.2; φ. τε καὶ γεννᾶν Pl.''Plt.''274a; ὦ γάμοι γάμοι, ἐφύσαθ' ἡμᾶς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 1404; <b class="b3">ἥδ' ἡμέρα φύσει σε</b> [[will]] [[bring]] to [[light]] thy [[birth]], ib.438; χρόνος φύει τ' ἄδηλα καὶ φανέντα κρύπτεται Id.''Aj.''647.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of individuals in reference to the [[growth]] of parts of themselves, <b class="b3">φ. πώγωνα, γλῶσσαν, κέρεα</b>, [[grow]] or [[get]] a beard, etc., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.104, 2.68, 4.29; φ. πτερά Ar. ''Av.''106, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''251c; σάρκα Id.''Ti.''74e; <b class="b3">φ. τρίχας, πόδας καὶ πτερά</b>, etc., Arist.''HA''518a33, 554a29, etc.: for the joke in <b class="b3">φύειν φράτερας</b>, v. [[φράτηρ]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., <b class="b3">φρένας φῦσαι</b> [[get]] [[understanding]], S.''OC'' 804, ''El.''1463 (but also θεοὶ φύουσιν ἀνθρώποις φρένας Id.''Ant.''683): [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἁλιεὺς πληγεὶς νοῦν φύσει]] '[[once bitten, twice shy]]', Sch.Pl.''Smp.'' 222b; γέροντα τὸν νοῦν σάρκα δ' ἡβῶσαν φύει A.''Th.''622; <b class="b3">δόξαν φῦσαι</b> [[get]] [[glory]] or to [[form]] a [[high]] [[opinion]] of [[oneself]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.91; θεὸς . . αἰτίαν φύει βροτοῖς A.''Niob.''in ''PSI''11.1208.15; αὑτῷ πόνους φῦσαι S. ''Ant.''647.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in pres. seemingly intr., [[put forth shoots]], εἰς ἔτος ἄλλο φύοντι Mosch.3.101; δρύες . . φύοντι Theoc.7.75, cf. 4.24: so <b class="b3">ἀνδρῶν γενεὴ ἡ μὲν φύει ἡ δ' ἀπολήγει</b> one generation [[is putting forth scions]], the other is ceasing to do so, Il.6.149; <b class="b3">ἐν στήθεσι φύει</b> (fort. [[φυίει]]) [[grow up|grows up]], [[appear]]s, Alc.97; ῥίζα ἄνω φύουσα ἐν χολῇ [[LXX]] ''De.'' 29.18.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Pass., with intr. tenses of Act., aor. 2, pf. and plpf., [[grow]], [[wax]], [[spring up]] or [[spring forth]], especially of the vegetable world, [[θάμνος]] ἔφυ ἐλαίης Od.23.190, cf. 5.481; πρασιαὶ παντοῖαι πεφύασιν 7.128; τά γ' ἄσπαρτα φύονται 9.109, cf. Il.4.483, 14.288, 21.352; φύεται αὐτόματα ῥόδα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.138, cf. 1.193; ὑπὸ φηγῷ πεφυκυίῃ [[grow]]ing [[there]], Id.2.56; <b class="b3">πεφυκότα δένδρα</b> trees [[grow]]ing [[there]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.3.5; τὰ φυόμενα καὶ τὰ γιγνόμενα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''410d, cf. ''Phd.''110d, ''Plt.''272a; <b class="b3">τοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει</b> from his head [[grew]] horns sixteen palms long, Il.4.109, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.108, 3.133; φύονται πολιαί Pi.''O.''4.28; <b class="b3">κεφαλαὶ πεφυκυῖαι θριξί</b> [[grow]]n with [[hair]], D.S.2.50 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]); πέφυκε λίθος ἐν αὐτῇ is [[produce]]d, X.''Vect.''1.4: metaph., <b class="b3">νόσημα ἐν ὀλιγαρχίᾳ φυόμενον, φυομένη πόλις</b>, Pl.''R.''564b, ''Lg.''757d; <b class="b3">ὁ σπέρμα παρασχών, οὗτος τῶν φύντων αἴτιος [κακῶν]</b> [[of the things produced]], D.18.159; also <b class="b3">κατὰ πάντων ἐφύετο</b> [[wax]]ed [[great]] by or upon their [[depression]], ib. 19. —In this sense aor. 2 is rare (v. supr.), exc. in phrases such as <b class="b3">ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί</b> (v. [[ἐμφύω]]), Od.2.302.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of persons, to [[be begotten]] or [[be born]], most freq. in aor. 2 and pf., ὁ λωφήσων οὐ πέφυκέ πω A.''Pr.'' 27; τίς ἂν εὔξαιτο βροτὸς ὢν ἀσινεῖ δαίμονι φῦναι; Id.''Ag.''1342 (anap.); [[μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον]] = [[not to be born is best]], S.''OC''1224 (lyr.); <b class="b3">γονῇ πεφυκὼς . . γεραιτέρᾳ</b> ib.1294; οὐχ ὑπὸ θυσιῶν οὐδ' ὑπὸ εὐχῶν φύς Pl.''R.''461a; <b class="b3">φύς τε καὶ τραφείς</b> ib.396c; μήπω φῦναι μηδὲ γενέσθαι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.1.7, cf. Pl.''Smp.''197a: [[construe]]d with [[genitive]], [[πεφυκέναι]] or <b class="b3">φῦναί τινος</b> to [[be born]] or [[be descended from]] any one, τὸ κοινὸν σπλάγχνον οὗ πεφύκαμεν A.''Th.''1036, cf. S.''OC''1379, etc.; θνατᾶς ἀπὸ ματρὸς ἔφυ Pi.''Fr.''61, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1359 (lyr.), ''Ant.''562; ἀπ' εὐγενοῦς ῥίζης E.''IT''610; ἀπὸ δρυός Pl.''Ap.''34d, etc.; φ. ἔκ τινος [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 458, E.''Heracl.''325, Pl.''R.''415c, etc.; ἐκ χώρας τινός Isoc.4.24, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ μετ' ἐκείνου φύντες</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου γεγονότες</b>, Is.8.30; ἐκ θεῶν γεγονότι . . διὰ βασιλέων πεφυκότι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.24.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in pres., [[become]], <b class="b3">οὐδεὶς ἐχθρὸς οὔτε φύεται πρὸς χρήμαθ' οἵ τε φύντες</b> . . S.''Fr.'' 88.4; πιστοὺς φύσει φύεσθαι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.13; the pf. and aor. 2 take a pres. sense, to [[be]] so and so by [[nature]], <b class="b3">κακός, σοφός πέφυκα</b> ([[κακώς]]), etc., S.''Ph.''558, 1244, etc.; δρᾶν ἔφυν ἀμήχανος Id.''Ant.''79; <b class="b3">φύντ' ἀρετᾷ</b> [[born]] for [[virtue]], i.e. brave and good [[by nature]], Pi.''O.''10(11).20; so of things, τὸ μὲν εὖ πράσσειν ἀκόρεστον ἔφυ A.''Ag.''1331 (anap.), cf. Pl.''Grg.''479d, etc.; εὐχροώτεροι ὁρῷντο ἢ πεφύκασιν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.1.41, cf. ''Oec.''10.2; [τὸ πῦρ] πέφυκε τοιοῦτον Id.''Cyr.''5.1.10; τἄλλα ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, ὅπως ἔτυχε, πέφυκεν D.37.56: with Advs., <b class="b3">ἱκανῶς πεφυκότες</b> [[of]] [[good]] [[natural]] [[ability]], Antipho 2.1.1; δυσκόλως πεφ. Isoc.9.6; οὕτως πεφ. X.''HG''7.1.7; also οἱ καλῶς πεφυκότες S.''El.''989, cf. Lys.2.20; οἱ βέλτιστα φύντες Pl.''R.''431c: then, simply, to [[be]] so and so, φῦναι Ζηνὶ πιστὸν ἄγγελον A.''Pr.''969; θεοῦ μήτηρ ἔφυς Id.''Pers.''157 (troch.); γυναῖκε . . ἔφυμεν S.''Ant.''62; <b class="b3">Ἅιδης ὁ παύσων ἔφυ</b> ib.575; ἁπλοῦς ὁ μῦθος τῆς ἀληθείας ἔφυ E.''Ph.''469: c. part., νικᾶν . . χρῄζων ἔφυν S.''Ph.'' 1052; πρέπων ἔφυς . . φωνεῖν Id.''OT''9, cf. 587; τοῦτο ἴδιον ἔφυμεν ἔχοντες Isoc.4.48, cf. 11.41, X.''Smp.''4.54.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., to [[be formed by nature]] or [[be disposed by nature]] to do so and so, τὰ δεύτερα πέφυκε κρατεῖν Pi.''Fr.''279; πολλῷ γ' ἀμείνων τοὺς πέλας φρενοῦν ἔφυς ἢ σαυτόν A.''Pr.''337; ἔφυν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐκ τέχνης πράσσειν κακῆς S.''Ph.''88, cf. ''Ant.''688; φύσει μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν Id.''Ph.''79; πεφύκασι δ' ἅπαντες . . ἁμαρτάνειν Th.3.45, cf. 2.64, 3.39, 4.61, etc.; πέφυκε . . τρυφὴ . . ἦθος διαφθείρειν Jul.''Or.''1.15c.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Preps., <b class="b3">γυνὴ . . ἐπὶ</b> <b class="b3">δακρύοις ἔφυ</b> is by [[nature]] [[prone]] to [[tear]]s, E.''Med.''928; <b class="b3">ἔρως γὰρ ἀργόν, κἀπὶ τοῖς ἀργοῖς ἔφυ</b> is [[incline]]d to [[idleness]], Id.''Fr.''322; also [[ἐπί]] τι Pl.''R.''507e; εἴς τι Aeschin.3.132; most freq. πρός τι, οἱ ἄνθρωποι πρὸς τὸ ἀληθὲς πεφύκασι Arist.''Rh.''1355a16; εὖ πρὸς ἀρετὴν πεφυκότες [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.1.2; πρὸς πόλεμον μᾶλλον . . ἢ πρὸς εἰρήνην Pl.''R.''547e; κάλλιστα φ. πρός τι X.''HG''7.1.3, etc.; also [[πρός]] τινι Id.''Ath.''2.19 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]], cf. Plb.9.29.10); also εὖ πεφ. κατά τι D.37.55.<br><span class="bld">4</span> c. dat., [[fall to one by nature]], [[be one's natural lot]], πᾶσι θνατοῖς ἔφυ [[μόρος]] S.''El.'' 860 (lyr.); χαίρειν πέφυκεν οὐχὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀεί Id.''Tr.''440; ἐφύετο κοινὸς πᾶσι κίνδυνος D.60.18, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.3.19.<br><span class="bld">5</span> impers., [[it is natural]], [[it happens naturally]], c. inf., D.14.30, Arist.''Pol.''1261b7, ''Po.'' 1450a1.<br><span class="bld">6</span> abs., <b class="b3">ὡς πέφυκε</b> [[as is natural]], X.''Cyn.''6.15, al.; ᾗ πέφυκεν Pl.''Ti.''81e; also expressed personally, τοῖς ἁπλῶς, ὡς πεφυκασι, βαδίζουσι D.45.68: also freq. in part., <b class="b3">τὰ φύσει πεφυκότα</b> the [[order]] of [[nature]], Lys.2.29; [[φύντα]], opp. [[ὁμολογηθέντα]], Antipho Soph. 44''A''i 32 (''Vorsokr.''5); [[ἄνθρωπος πεφυκώς]] = [[man as he is]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.1.3. (Cf. Skt. bhū- 'to [[be]], [[become]]', Lith. búti 'to [[be]]', Lat. [[fui]], Eng. [[be]], etc.). See also: [[οὔτοι συνέχθειν, ἀλλὰ συμφιλεῖν ἔφυν]] = [[I was not born to hate, but to love]], [[it is not my nature to join in hating, but in loving]] [http://www.translatum.gr/forum/index.php?topic=83384.0 Sophocles], Antigone 523