δύναμις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], ἡ, gen. δυνάμεως, Ion. [[δυνάμιος]], Ion. dat. δυνάμι: ([[δύναμαι]]):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[power]], [[might]], in Hom., especially of [[bodily]] [[strength]], εἴ μοι δύναμις γε παρείη Od. 2.62, cf. Il.8.294; οἵη ἐμὴ δύναμις καὶ χεῖρες Od.20.237; ἡ δύναμις τῶν νέων Antipho 4.3.2, etc.: generally, [[strength]], [[power]], [[ability]] to do anything, [[πὰρ δύναμιν]] = [[beyond one's strength]], Il.13.787; in Prose, παρὰ δύναμις τολμηταί Th.1.70, etc.; [[ὑπὲρ δύναμιν]] D.18.193; opp. [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] = [[as far as lies in one]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.142, etc. (κὰδ δύναμις Hes.Op.336); εἰς δύναμιν Cratin. 172, Pl.R. 458e, etc.; πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν Id.Phdr.231a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[outward]] [[power]], [[influence]], [[authority]], A.Pers.174 (anap.), Ag.779 (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δύναμιν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.90; δυνάμει προὔχοντες Th.7.21, etc.; ἐν δύναμις εἶναι, [[γενέσθαι]], X.HG4.4.5, D.13.29.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[force]] for [[war]], [[forces]], δύναμις ἀνδρῶν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.100, cf. Pl.Mx.240d, Plb.1.41.2, [[LXX]] Ge.21.22, OGI139.8 (ii B. C.); μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν Wilcken Chr.10 (ii B. C.), etc.; δύναμις καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική X.An.1.3.12; πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five [[project]]ing [[row]]s of [[sarissa|sarissae]] in the [[phalanx]], Ascl.Tact.5.2,al.<br><span class="bld">4</span> a [[power]], [[quantity]], χρημάτων δύναμις [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.9.ά.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[means]], [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] Arist.EE1243b12; opp. [[παρὰ δύναμιν]], 2 Ep.Cor.8.3; κατὰ δύναμιν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU1051.17 (Aug.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[power]], [[faculty]], [[capacity]], αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δυνάμεις Hp.VM14; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις Pl.Tht.185e; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δύναμις Id.R. 532a; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δύναμις D.22.11: c. gen. rei, [[capacity]] for, τῶν ἔργων Arist.Pol.1309a35; τοῦ [[λέγειν]] Id.Rh.1362b22; τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Men.578, Alex.94; δύναμις [[στρατηγική]] Plb.1.84.6; δύναμις ἐν πραγματείᾳ Id.2.56.5; δύναμις συνθετική D.H.Comp.2: abs., any [[natural]] [[capacity]] or [[faculty]], that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Arist.Top. 126a37, cf. MM1183b28.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[elementary]] [[force]], such as [[heat]], [[cold]], etc., Hp.VM16, Arist.PA646a14ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δύναμις ib.650a5; [[θερμαντικός|θερμαντικὴ]] δύναμις Epicur.Fr.60, cf. Polystr.p.23 W.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[property]], [[quality]], ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν Hp.VM13, cf. Nat.Hom.5, Vict.1.10; especially of the [[natural]] [[property|properties]] of plants, etc., αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, X.Cyr.8.8.14, Thphr.HP8.11.1; [[productive]] [[power]], τῆς γῆς Id.Oec.16.4; μετάλλων Id.Vect.4.1: generally, [[function]], [[faculty]], δύναμις [[φυσική]], [[ζωική]], [[ψυχική]], Gal.10.635; [[Περὶ φυσικῶν δυνάμεων]] = On the Physical Capacities, title of work by [[Galen]].<br><span class="bld">c</span> in plural, [[agency|agencies]], [[ὑπάρχειν]] ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις (''[[sc.]]'' the gods) Polystr.p.10 W.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[function]], [[meaning]], of part in whole, Id.p.17 W.<br><span class="bld">e</span> in Music, [[function]], [[value]], of a [[note]] in the [[scale]], δύναμις δέ ἐστι [[τάξις]] φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι = value is the [[position]] of a [[note]] within a [[system]] Cleonid.Harm.14, cf. Aristox.Harm.p.69M.; μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opp. [[κατὰ θέσιν]], Ptol. Harm.2.5.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[faculty]], [[art]], or [[craft]], Pl.R.532d, Arist.Metaph. 1018a30, EN1094a10, Arr.Epict.1.1.1; δύναμις σκεπτική = the [[doctrine]] of the Sceptics, S.E.M.7.1.<br><span class="bld">4</span> a [[medicine]], Timostr.7, etc.; δυνάμεις ἁπλαῖ Hp.Decent.9, Aret.CD1.4, etc.; δυνάμεις πολυφάρμακοι Plu.2.403c, Gal.13.365: in plural, [[collection]] of [[formula]]e or [[prescription]]s, Orib.10.33.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[action]] of [[medicine]]s, περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δυνάμεως, title of work by [[Galen]]; also, [[potency]], [[δυνάμει]] [[θερμά]], [[ψυχρά]], Id.1.672, al.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[magically]] [[potent]] [[substance]] or [[object]], PMag.Leid.V.8.12: in plural, [[magical]] [[power]]s, Hld.4.7.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[force]] or [[meaning]] of a [[word]], Lys.10.7, Pl. Cra.394b, Diog.Oen.12, Phld.Sign.31, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[phonetic]] [[value]] of [[sound]]s or [[letter]]s, Plb.10.47.8, D.H.Comp.12, Luc.Jud.Voc.5, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[worth]] or [[value]] of [[money]], Th.6.46,2.97, Plu.Lyc.9, Sol. 15.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[capability]] of [[exist]]ing or [[act]]ing, [[potentiality]], opp. [[actuality]] ([[ἐνέργεια]]), Arist.Metaph.1047b31, 1051a5, etc.: hence [[δυνάμει]] as adverb, [[virtually]], ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει… ἐστί D.3.15; opp. [[ἐνεργείᾳ]], Arist.APo.86a28, al.; opp. [[ἐντελεχείᾳ]], Id.Ph.193b8, al.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Math., [[power]], κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δύναμις Id.Metaph.1019b33; usually [[second power]], [[square]], [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] = in [[square]], Pl.Ti.54b, cf. Theol.Ar.11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση a [[line]] the [[square]] on which is [[equal]] to an [[area]], ἡ BA [[ἐλάσσων]] ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς AK the [[square]] on BA is less than [[double]] of the [[square]] on AK, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9: εὐθεῖαι δυνάμεις σύμμετροι = [[commensurable]] in [[square]], Euc.10Def.2; ἡ δυνάμει [[δεκάς]] the series 12 + 22… + 102, Theol.Ar.64.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[square number]], Pl.Ti.32a.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[square]] of an [[unknown]] [[quantity]] (x2), Dioph.Def.2, al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[square root]] of a [[number]] which is not a [[perfect]] [[square]], [[surd]], opp. [[μῆκος]], Pl. Tht.147d.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[product]] of two numbers, ἡ [[ἀμφοῖν]] (''[[sc.]]'' τριάδος καὶ δυάδος) δύναμις [[ἑξάς]] Ph.1.3, cf. Iamb.in Nic.p.108 P.; [[δυνάμει]] [[in product]], Hero Metr.1.15, Theol.Ar.33.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[concrete]], [[power]]s, especially of [[divine]] [[being]]s, αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν [[LXX]] Is.34.4, cf. 1 Ep.Pet.3.22, al., Ph.1.587, Corp.Herm.1.26, Porph.Abst.2.34: sg., Act.Ap.8.10, PMag.Par.1.1275; [[πολυώνυμος]] δύναμις, of God, Secund.Sent.3.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[manifestation]] of [[divine]] [[power]], [[miracle]], Ev.Matt.11.21, al., Buresch Aus Lydien 113, etc.