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|lshtext=<b>tunc</b>:<br /><b>I</b> adv. demonstr., of [[time]] [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], [[then]], at [[that]] [[time]]; [[but]] in [[ante]]-[[class]]. and [[class]]. [[prose]] [[tunc]] is [[always]] [[emphatic]], and [[generally]] refers to a [[point]] of [[time]]. In [[post]]-Aug. [[style]] [[tunc]] freq. occurs [[without]] [[emphasis]], and is [[freely]] used of periods of [[time]]. Tunc = [[deinde]] occurs [[first]] in the [[class]]. per. and [[rarely]] in [[prose]]; [[but]] is [[very]] freq. [[after]] the Aug. per. Tunc in [[mere]] co-ordinative [[use]] is [[very]] [[rare]] and not [[ante]]-[[class]]. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled [[with]] an [[emphatic]] or [[temporal]] [[particle]] is [[very]] [[rare]] in [[class]]. [[prose]], [[but]] freq. in the postAug. [[period]]. Poets [[often]] [[use]] [[tunc]] [[instead]] of tum [[before]] [[vowels]] for the [[sake]] of the [[metre]]. In [[general]], [[tunc]] is not freq. [[till]] [[after]] the Aug. [[period]]. Cic. has tum [[about]] [[thirty]] times as [[often]] as [[tunc]]; Cæs. has [[tunc]] [[only]] [[five]] times; Livy, in the [[first]] [[two]] books, has [[tunc]] [[five]] times, tum [[eighty]]-[[two]] times; [[but]] Val. Max. has [[tunc]] [[four]] times as [[often]] as tum. Sen. [[almost]] [[always]] has [[tunc]]; tum [[only]] in a [[few]] passages, [[mostly]] in co ordinative [[use]]. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, [[tunc]] [[largely]] predominates; [[but]] Nep. has [[tunc]] [[once]] [[only]], and Tac., [[who]] employs [[both]] words [[sparingly]], has tum oftener [[than]] [[tunc]]. The Codd. [[very]] freq. [[vary]] [[between]] the words, and in [[many]] passages the [[reading]] is [[still]] [[doubtful]]. Undue [[weight]] has been given by [[some]] critics to [[opposition]] to [[nunc]] and [[connection]] [[with]] cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and [[tunc]] are freq. opposed to [[nunc]], and [[connected]] [[with]] cum.<br /><b>I</b> Absol.<br /> <b>A</b> Referring an [[event]] to a [[time]] [[before]] mentioned.<br /> <b>1</b> To [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> To a [[period]] of [[time]], = illis temporibus ([[only]] [[post]]-Aug.): [[tunc]] [[melius]] tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exiguā [[ligneus]] aede [[deus]], Tib. 1, 10, 19: nulli [[tunc]] subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur, Val. Max. 2, 1, 5: sed [[tunc]] clarissimus [[quisque]] juvenum pro amplificandā patriā plurimum periculi sustinebat, id. 3, 2, 6: [[nunc]] quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant quā [[tunc]] [[consul]] non erubuit, id. 4, 3, 7: quo pacto [[inter]] amicos viguisse [[tunc]] justitiam credimus, cum [[inter]] accusatores [[quoque]], etc., id. 6, 5, 6: si [[vere]] aestimare Macedonas qui [[tunc]] erant volumus, fatebimur, etc., Curt. 4, 16, 33: sed civitati nullae [[tunc]] leges erant, Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Referring to a [[point]] of [[time]] [[spoken]] of: cives Romani [[tunc]] facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine [[tunc]] lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): [[tunc]] ipsos adoriant, ne [[quis]] Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.): ([[Sulla]]) [[statim]] ex iis rebus quas [[tunc]] vendebat jussit ei [[praemium]] tribui, etc., Cic. Arch. 10, 25: [[neque]] ego [[tunc]] [[princeps]] ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc., id. Sull. 3, 9: his [[tunc]] cognitis rebus amici regis his ... liberaliter responderunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 104: [[tunc]] duces Nerviorum ... colloqui [[sese]] velle dicunt, at this [[time]], id. B. G. 5, 41: [[quod]] se facturos minabantur, aegreque [[tunc]] sunt retenti [[quin]] [[oppidum]] irrumperent, id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.: Romanus [[tunc]] [[exercitus]] in agro Larinati erat, Liv. 22, 24, 1: [[itaque]] cum in ipsum, et innocentiā tutum et magistratu in quo [[tunc]] erat, [[impetus]] fieri non posset, etc., id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10; 44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas, Ov. M. 2, 679: [[tunc]] ego nec citharā poteram gaudere sonorā, nec, etc., Tib. 3, 4, 69: [[tunc]] urbis custodiis [[praepositus]] C. [[Maecenas]], Vell. 2, 88, 2: [[forte]] evenit ut [[tunc]] summae dignitatis ibi [[femina]] [[veneno]] consumere se destinarit, Val. Max. 2, 6, 8: qui [[tunc]] Libitinam exercebant, id. 5, 2, 10: Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos [[tunc]] Romanis, confugit, id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.; 8, 1 [[damn]]. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum [[sacrum]] anniversarium [[more]] patrio [[tunc]] venerant, Curt. 4, 2, 10: et [[tunc]] [[aestas]] erat, cujus [[calor]], etc., id. 3, 5, 1: perierat [[imperium]], [[quod]] [[tunc]] in [[extremo]] stabat, si [[Fabius]], etc., Sen. [[Troad]]. 1, 11, 5: [[tunc]],distractis Orientis viribus, [[casus]] Mithridati [[datus]] est occupandi Armeniam, Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25: [[quidam]] ex eis qui [[tunc]] egerant, decesserunt, Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3: ardente [[tunc]] in Africā [[bello]], Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21: Asiam [[tunc]] tenebat imperio rex [[Darius]], Gell. 17, 9, 20: hostes [[tunc]] populi Romani fuerant Fidenates, id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24.—Repeated by [[anaphora]]: [[tunc]] [[victus]] abiere feri, [[tunc]] consita [[pomus]], [[tunc]] bibit inriguas [[fertilis]] [[hortus]] aquas, Aurea [[tunc]] pressos, etc., Tib. 2, 1, 43: [[tunc]] [[Parmenio]] et Philotas, [[tunc]] [[Amyntas]] [[consobrinus]], [[tunc]] [[noverca]] fratresque interfecti, [[tunc]] [[Attalus]], [[Eurylochus]] ... occurrebant, Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2.—Attributively: regem [[tunc]] Lacedaemoniorum, Just. 6, 2, 4.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Referring to a [[state]] no [[longer]] in [[existence]]: silvae [[tunc]] [[circa]] viam erant, plerisque incultis, Liv. 21, 25, 8: [[urbs]] ([[Corinthus]]) erat [[tunc]] praeclara [[ante]] [[excidium]], id. 45, 28, 2: hic ([[Curio]]) [[primo]] pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut [[tunc]] habebatur, pro republicā, mox ... pro Caesare stetit, Vell. 2, 48, 3: certissimum [[tunc]] proscriptorum [[perfugium]] penetravit, Val. Max. 7, 3, 9: docuit in atrio Catulinae [[domus]], quae [[pars]] Palatii [[tunc]] erat, Suet. Gram. 17: [[tunc]] (i. e. [[olim]]) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat [[autem]] [[tunc]] mos ut cum [[princeps]] causam cognosceret ... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Expressly opposed to [[present]] [[time]]: [[tunc]] [[igitur]] pelles, [[nunc]] [[aurum]] et [[purpura]] exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423; eā lege quae [[tunc]] erat Sempronia, [[nunc]] est [[Cornelia]], Cic. Clu. 56, 154: cum [[vero]] causam justam [[deus]] [[ipse]] dederit, ut [[tunc]] Socrati, [[nunc]] Catoni, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: [[cur]] privati non damus remiges, [[sicut]] [[tunc]] dedimus? Liv. 34, 6, 18: munitiones et locis opportunioribus [[tunc]] fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. [[quam]] [[nunc]]), id. 36, 17, 4: parva [[nunc]] res videri potest quae [[tunc]] patres ac plebem accendit, id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5: [[Macedones]] milites eā [[tunc]] erant famā quā [[nunc]] Romani feruntur, Nep. Eum. 3, 4: [[nunc]] [[solvo]] poenas; [[tunc]] [[tibi]] inferias dedi, Sen. Phoen. 172: [[nunc]] haberent socios quos [[tunc]] hostes habuerant, Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9: hoc [[tunc]] [[Veii]] fuere, [[nunc]] fuisse [[quis]] meminit? Flor. 1, 12, 11.—And [[tunc]] and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui [[ager]] [[nunc]] [[multo]] pluris est [[quam]] [[tunc]] fuit. Tum [[enim]], etc., [[nunc]], etc.; tum erat [[ager]] [[incultus]], [[nunc]] est cultissimus, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos [[etiamsi]] [[tunc]] faciendum non fuerit, [[nunc]] [[utique]] faciendum putatis; ego [[contra]], [[etiamsi]] tum migrandum fuisset, [[nunc]] has ruipas relinquendas non censerem, Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in [[such]] connections tum [[generally]] refers to a [[previous]] [[tunc]], [[rarely]] [[vice]] versā).—（ε) Opposed to a [[previous]] or a [[later]] [[time]]: quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis [[tunc]] invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. [[etsi]] non [[postea]]), Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95: [[raro]] [[alias]] tribuni [[popularis]] [[oratio]] acceptior plebi [[quam]] [[tunc]] severissimi consulis fuit, Liv. 3, 69, 1: ([[Syphax]]) [[tunc]] [[accessio]] Punici belli fuerat, [[sicut]] [[Gentius]] Macedonici, id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10: non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam [[ausum]] fortius [[quam]] [[tunc]] a Caesare, Vell. 2, 80, 3: et [[tunc]] Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et [[deinceps]], etc., Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2: [[praetor]] hic Alexandri fuerat, [[tunc]] [[transfuga]], Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18: Cilicum nationes [[saepe]] et [[alias]] commotae, [[tunc]] Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere, Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58: ob res et [[tunc]] in Africā, et [[olim]] in Germaniā gestas, Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4: [[idem]] [[tunc]] [[Faesulae]] [[quod]] [[Carrhae]] [[nuper]], Flor. 1, 5, 8.—（ζ) In [[general]] statements, applied to the [[actual]] [[state]] of affairs: mos est regibus [[quotiens]] in societatem coëant, pollices [[inter]] se vincire, etc. Sed [[tunc]], qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse [[simulans]], genua Mithridatis invadit, Tac. A. 12, 47: legebatur [[ergo]] ibi [[tunc]] in carmine Latino, etc., Gell. 2, 22, 2.— Pregn., as matters [[then]] stood: aptissimum [[tempus]] fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: [[tunc]] haec ipsa [[indignitas]] angebat animos, Liv. 4, 51, 6.— (η) Of [[coincidence]] in [[time]]: [[tunc]] = cum hoc fieret, on [[that]] [[occasion]]: quodsi tu [[tunc]], Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset [[oratio]] tua, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: [[tunc]] Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, [[nunc]] a [[vobis]] ipsis accusati sumus, Liv. 39, 36, 7: jam [[Horatius]] secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc ... clamore adjuvant militem suum, [[while]] he [[was]] doing so, id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17: sed [[neque]] ... [[nubes]] Tunc habuit, nec ... imbres, Ov. M. 2, 310: [[quid]] mihi [[tunc]] animi fuit? id. ib. 7, 582: [[quid]] mihi [[tunc]] animi credis, [[germane]], fuisse? id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31: [[quid]] [[tunc]] homines timuerint, quae senatūs [[trepidatio]] ... [[neque]] mihi exprimere vacat, [[neque]], etc., Vell. 2, 124, 1: non Catoni [[tunc]] [[praetura]], sed praeturae [[Cato]] negatus est, Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1; 9, 3, 1: [[tunc]] ego dicere debui, Sen. Ep. 63, 15: non [[possum]] dicere aliud [[tunc]] mihi [[quam]] deos adfuisse, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5: [[tunc]] [[domus]] priscorum ducum arserunt, Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 (7), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11.—Tunc and tum co-[[ordinate]]: [[sanguine]] [[tunc]] (Phaëthontis) credunt ... Tum facta'st [[Libya]] ... arida; tum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: [[tunc]] ... sorores Debuerant, etc.; Tum potui [[Medea]] mori [[bene]], id. H. 12, 3 sqq.—And referring to a supposed [[action]] at a [[definite]] [[time]]: nobis [[tunc]] [[repente]] trepidandum in acie instruenda erat, if we had accepted the [[battle]] [[then]], Liv. 44, 38, 11.—（θ) Redundant ( | |lshtext=<b>tunc</b>:<br /><b>I</b> adv. demonstr., of [[time]] [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], [[then]], at [[that]] [[time]]; [[but]] in [[ante]]-[[class]]. and [[class]]. [[prose]] [[tunc]] is [[always]] [[emphatic]], and [[generally]] refers to a [[point]] of [[time]]. In [[post]]-Aug. [[style]] [[tunc]] freq. occurs [[without]] [[emphasis]], and is [[freely]] used of periods of [[time]]. Tunc = [[deinde]] occurs [[first]] in the [[class]]. per. and [[rarely]] in [[prose]]; [[but]] is [[very]] freq. [[after]] the Aug. per. Tunc in [[mere]] co-ordinative [[use]] is [[very]] [[rare]] and not [[ante]]-[[class]]. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled [[with]] an [[emphatic]] or [[temporal]] [[particle]] is [[very]] [[rare]] in [[class]]. [[prose]], [[but]] freq. in the postAug. [[period]]. Poets [[often]] [[use]] [[tunc]] [[instead]] of tum [[before]] [[vowels]] for the [[sake]] of the [[metre]]. In [[general]], [[tunc]] is not freq. [[till]] [[after]] the Aug. [[period]]. Cic. has tum [[about]] [[thirty]] times as [[often]] as [[tunc]]; Cæs. has [[tunc]] [[only]] [[five]] times; Livy, in the [[first]] [[two]] books, has [[tunc]] [[five]] times, tum [[eighty]]-[[two]] times; [[but]] Val. Max. has [[tunc]] [[four]] times as [[often]] as tum. Sen. [[almost]] [[always]] has [[tunc]]; tum [[only]] in a [[few]] passages, [[mostly]] in co ordinative [[use]]. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, [[tunc]] [[largely]] predominates; [[but]] Nep. has [[tunc]] [[once]] [[only]], and Tac., [[who]] employs [[both]] words [[sparingly]], has tum oftener [[than]] [[tunc]]. The Codd. [[very]] freq. [[vary]] [[between]] the words, and in [[many]] passages the [[reading]] is [[still]] [[doubtful]]. Undue [[weight]] has been given by [[some]] critics to [[opposition]] to [[nunc]] and [[connection]] [[with]] cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and [[tunc]] are freq. opposed to [[nunc]], and [[connected]] [[with]] cum.<br /><b>I</b> Absol.<br /> <b>A</b> Referring an [[event]] to a [[time]] [[before]] mentioned.<br /> <b>1</b> To [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> To a [[period]] of [[time]], = illis temporibus ([[only]] [[post]]-Aug.): [[tunc]] [[melius]] tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exiguā [[ligneus]] aede [[deus]], Tib. 1, 10, 19: nulli [[tunc]] subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur, Val. Max. 2, 1, 5: sed [[tunc]] clarissimus [[quisque]] juvenum pro amplificandā patriā plurimum periculi sustinebat, id. 3, 2, 6: [[nunc]] quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant quā [[tunc]] [[consul]] non erubuit, id. 4, 3, 7: quo pacto [[inter]] amicos viguisse [[tunc]] justitiam credimus, cum [[inter]] accusatores [[quoque]], etc., id. 6, 5, 6: si [[vere]] aestimare Macedonas qui [[tunc]] erant volumus, fatebimur, etc., Curt. 4, 16, 33: sed civitati nullae [[tunc]] leges erant, Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Referring to a [[point]] of [[time]] [[spoken]] of: cives Romani [[tunc]] facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine [[tunc]] lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): [[tunc]] ipsos adoriant, ne [[quis]] Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.): ([[Sulla]]) [[statim]] ex iis rebus quas [[tunc]] vendebat jussit ei [[praemium]] tribui, etc., Cic. Arch. 10, 25: [[neque]] ego [[tunc]] [[princeps]] ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc., id. Sull. 3, 9: his [[tunc]] cognitis rebus amici regis his ... liberaliter responderunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 104: [[tunc]] duces Nerviorum ... colloqui [[sese]] velle dicunt, at this [[time]], id. B. G. 5, 41: [[quod]] se facturos minabantur, aegreque [[tunc]] sunt retenti [[quin]] [[oppidum]] irrumperent, id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.: Romanus [[tunc]] [[exercitus]] in agro Larinati erat, Liv. 22, 24, 1: [[itaque]] cum in ipsum, et innocentiā tutum et magistratu in quo [[tunc]] erat, [[impetus]] fieri non posset, etc., id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10; 44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas, Ov. M. 2, 679: [[tunc]] ego nec citharā poteram gaudere sonorā, nec, etc., Tib. 3, 4, 69: [[tunc]] urbis custodiis [[praepositus]] C. [[Maecenas]], Vell. 2, 88, 2: [[forte]] evenit ut [[tunc]] summae dignitatis ibi [[femina]] [[veneno]] consumere se destinarit, Val. Max. 2, 6, 8: qui [[tunc]] Libitinam exercebant, id. 5, 2, 10: Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos [[tunc]] Romanis, confugit, id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.; 8, 1 [[damn]]. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum [[sacrum]] anniversarium [[more]] patrio [[tunc]] venerant, Curt. 4, 2, 10: et [[tunc]] [[aestas]] erat, cujus [[calor]], etc., id. 3, 5, 1: perierat [[imperium]], [[quod]] [[tunc]] in [[extremo]] stabat, si [[Fabius]], etc., Sen. [[Troad]]. 1, 11, 5: [[tunc]],distractis Orientis viribus, [[casus]] Mithridati [[datus]] est occupandi Armeniam, Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25: [[quidam]] ex eis qui [[tunc]] egerant, decesserunt, Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3: ardente [[tunc]] in Africā [[bello]], Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21: Asiam [[tunc]] tenebat imperio rex [[Darius]], Gell. 17, 9, 20: hostes [[tunc]] populi Romani fuerant Fidenates, id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24.—Repeated by [[anaphora]]: [[tunc]] [[victus]] abiere feri, [[tunc]] consita [[pomus]], [[tunc]] bibit inriguas [[fertilis]] [[hortus]] aquas, Aurea [[tunc]] pressos, etc., Tib. 2, 1, 43: [[tunc]] [[Parmenio]] et Philotas, [[tunc]] [[Amyntas]] [[consobrinus]], [[tunc]] [[noverca]] fratresque interfecti, [[tunc]] [[Attalus]], [[Eurylochus]] ... occurrebant, Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2.—Attributively: regem [[tunc]] Lacedaemoniorum, Just. 6, 2, 4.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Referring to a [[state]] no [[longer]] in [[existence]]: silvae [[tunc]] [[circa]] viam erant, plerisque incultis, Liv. 21, 25, 8: [[urbs]] ([[Corinthus]]) erat [[tunc]] praeclara [[ante]] [[excidium]], id. 45, 28, 2: hic ([[Curio]]) [[primo]] pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut [[tunc]] habebatur, pro republicā, mox ... pro Caesare stetit, Vell. 2, 48, 3: certissimum [[tunc]] proscriptorum [[perfugium]] penetravit, Val. Max. 7, 3, 9: docuit in atrio Catulinae [[domus]], quae [[pars]] Palatii [[tunc]] erat, Suet. Gram. 17: [[tunc]] (i. e. [[olim]]) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat [[autem]] [[tunc]] mos ut cum [[princeps]] causam cognosceret ... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Expressly opposed to [[present]] [[time]]: [[tunc]] [[igitur]] pelles, [[nunc]] [[aurum]] et [[purpura]] exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423; eā lege quae [[tunc]] erat Sempronia, [[nunc]] est [[Cornelia]], Cic. Clu. 56, 154: cum [[vero]] causam justam [[deus]] [[ipse]] dederit, ut [[tunc]] Socrati, [[nunc]] Catoni, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: [[cur]] privati non damus remiges, [[sicut]] [[tunc]] dedimus? Liv. 34, 6, 18: munitiones et locis opportunioribus [[tunc]] fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. [[quam]] [[nunc]]), id. 36, 17, 4: parva [[nunc]] res videri potest quae [[tunc]] patres ac plebem accendit, id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5: [[Macedones]] milites eā [[tunc]] erant famā quā [[nunc]] Romani feruntur, Nep. Eum. 3, 4: [[nunc]] [[solvo]] poenas; [[tunc]] [[tibi]] inferias dedi, Sen. Phoen. 172: [[nunc]] haberent socios quos [[tunc]] hostes habuerant, Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9: hoc [[tunc]] [[Veii]] fuere, [[nunc]] fuisse [[quis]] meminit? Flor. 1, 12, 11.—And [[tunc]] and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui [[ager]] [[nunc]] [[multo]] pluris est [[quam]] [[tunc]] fuit. Tum [[enim]], etc., [[nunc]], etc.; tum erat [[ager]] [[incultus]], [[nunc]] est cultissimus, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos [[etiamsi]] [[tunc]] faciendum non fuerit, [[nunc]] [[utique]] faciendum putatis; ego [[contra]], [[etiamsi]] tum migrandum fuisset, [[nunc]] has ruipas relinquendas non censerem, Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in [[such]] connections tum [[generally]] refers to a [[previous]] [[tunc]], [[rarely]] [[vice]] versā).—（ε) Opposed to a [[previous]] or a [[later]] [[time]]: quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis [[tunc]] invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. [[etsi]] non [[postea]]), Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95: [[raro]] [[alias]] tribuni [[popularis]] [[oratio]] acceptior plebi [[quam]] [[tunc]] severissimi consulis fuit, Liv. 3, 69, 1: ([[Syphax]]) [[tunc]] [[accessio]] Punici belli fuerat, [[sicut]] [[Gentius]] Macedonici, id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10: non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam [[ausum]] fortius [[quam]] [[tunc]] a Caesare, Vell. 2, 80, 3: et [[tunc]] Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et [[deinceps]], etc., Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2: [[praetor]] hic Alexandri fuerat, [[tunc]] [[transfuga]], Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18: Cilicum nationes [[saepe]] et [[alias]] commotae, [[tunc]] Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere, Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58: ob res et [[tunc]] in Africā, et [[olim]] in Germaniā gestas, Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4: [[idem]] [[tunc]] [[Faesulae]] [[quod]] [[Carrhae]] [[nuper]], Flor. 1, 5, 8.—（ζ) In [[general]] statements, applied to the [[actual]] [[state]] of affairs: mos est regibus [[quotiens]] in societatem coëant, pollices [[inter]] se vincire, etc. Sed [[tunc]], qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse [[simulans]], genua Mithridatis invadit, Tac. A. 12, 47: legebatur [[ergo]] ibi [[tunc]] in carmine Latino, etc., Gell. 2, 22, 2.— Pregn., as matters [[then]] stood: aptissimum [[tempus]] fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: [[tunc]] haec ipsa [[indignitas]] angebat animos, Liv. 4, 51, 6.— (η) Of [[coincidence]] in [[time]]: [[tunc]] = cum hoc fieret, on [[that]] [[occasion]]: quodsi tu [[tunc]], Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset [[oratio]] tua, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: [[tunc]] Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, [[nunc]] a [[vobis]] ipsis accusati sumus, Liv. 39, 36, 7: jam [[Horatius]] secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc ... clamore adjuvant militem suum, [[while]] he [[was]] doing so, id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17: sed [[neque]] ... [[nubes]] Tunc habuit, nec ... imbres, Ov. M. 2, 310: [[quid]] mihi [[tunc]] animi fuit? id. ib. 7, 582: [[quid]] mihi [[tunc]] animi credis, [[germane]], fuisse? id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31: [[quid]] [[tunc]] homines timuerint, quae senatūs [[trepidatio]] ... [[neque]] mihi exprimere vacat, [[neque]], etc., Vell. 2, 124, 1: non Catoni [[tunc]] [[praetura]], sed praeturae [[Cato]] negatus est, Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1; 9, 3, 1: [[tunc]] ego dicere debui, Sen. Ep. 63, 15: non [[possum]] dicere aliud [[tunc]] mihi [[quam]] deos adfuisse, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5: [[tunc]] [[domus]] priscorum ducum arserunt, Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 (7), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11.—Tunc and tum co-[[ordinate]]: [[sanguine]] [[tunc]] (Phaëthontis) credunt ... Tum facta'st [[Libya]] ... arida; tum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: [[tunc]] ... sorores Debuerant, etc.; Tum potui [[Medea]] mori [[bene]], id. H. 12, 3 sqq.—And referring to a supposed [[action]] at a [[definite]] [[time]]: nobis [[tunc]] [[repente]] trepidandum in acie instruenda erat, if we had accepted the [[battle]] [[then]], Liv. 44, 38, 11.—（θ) Redundant (post-class.): id quale fuerit, [[neque]] [[ipse]] [[tunc]] prodidit, [[neque]] cuiquam [[facile]] succurrat, Suet. Tit. 10; cf.: in ejusmodi temporibus [[tunc]] eae ambulationes aperiuntur, Vitr 5, 9, 9.—<br /> <b>2</b> = [[nunc]], in [[oblique]] [[discourse]] ([[rare]]): [[quod]] si consulatūs tanta [[dulcedo]] [[sit]], jam [[tunc]] ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum a tribuniciā potestate esse, Liv. 2, 54, 5: ut cum multis saeculis [[murus]] urbi civium [[virtus]] fuerit, [[tunc]] cives salvos se [[fore]] non existimaverint [[nisi]] [[intra]] muros laterent, Just. 14, 5, 7.—<br /> <b>3</b> Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Then, at [[such]] a [[time]] of the [[year]], [[day]], etc.; at [[such]] a [[season]]: [[tunc]] (i. e. autumno) praecidi arbores oportere [[secundum]] terram, Varr. R. R. 1, 27: ab eo in fastis [[dies]] [[hordicalia]] nominantur, [[quod]] [[tunc]] hordae boves immolantur, id. ib. 2, 5: omnes ([[nubes]] sol) [[enim]] sub se [[tunc]] (= [[medio]] [[die]]), Sen. Q. N. 1, 8, 7: [[tunc]] [[enim]] maximae et integrae [[adhuc]] nives (= aestate primā), id. ib. 4, 2, 21: et [[tunc]] potest ventis concitari [[mare]], id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 4, 5, 2.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With the [[force]] of an [[indefinite]] [[temporal]] [[clause]]: [[tunc]] ignes tenuissimi [[iter]] [[exile]] designant et [[caelo]] producunt, of [[shooting]] stars, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 6: [[nemo]] observat lunam [[nisi]] laborantem. Tunc urbes conclamant, [[tunc]] pro se [[quisque]] superstitione vanā trepidat, id. ib. 7, 1, 2: adjuvari se [[tunc]] (i. e. cum faces vident) periclitantes existimant Pollucis et Castoris numine, id. ib. 1, 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 3; 2, 55, 2; 5, 3, 1; 6, 12, 2; id. Ep. 42, 4; id. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: si [[ancilla]] ex cive Romand conceperit, [[deinde]] [[civis]] Romana facta [[sit]], et [[tunc]] pariat, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 88; 1, 90; Dig. 1, 6, 8; 40, 12, 22, § 3.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With the [[force]] of a conditional [[clause]], in this [[instance]]: Tr. Erus [[peregre]] venit. Si. Tunc [[tibi]] [[actutum]] [[chorda]] tenditur, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55 Lorenz (al. tum): dominae mentem convertite ... Tunc ego crediderim [[vobis]], et sidera et amnes Posse, etc., Prop. 1, 1, 23: [[itaque]] [[tunc]] dividere optimum erit (= si plura sunt quae nocent), Quint. 4, 2, 101; so id. 6, 1, 22: cuperem [[tecum]] communicare tam subitam mutationem mei: [[tunc]] amicitiae nostrae certiorem fiduciam habere coepissem, Sen. Ep. 6, 2: [[nemo]] est ex inprudentibus qui reliqui sibi debeat. Tunc [[mala]] consilia agitant, [[tunc]] aut aliis aut ipsis pericula struunt; [[tunc]] cupiditates improbas ordinant, [[tunc]] ... [[tunc]] ... [[denique]], etc., id. ib. 10, 2; 7, 2: [[tunc]] [[enim]] (i. e. si [[cottidie]] reputes) subit [[recordatio]]: Quot [[dies]] [[quam]] frigidis rebus absumpsi! Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3: [[propter]] liberos [[retentio]] [[fit]] (dotis) si [[culpa]] mulieris [[divortium]] [[factum]] [[sit]], [[tunc]] [[enim]] sextae retinentur ex [[dote]], Ulp. Fragm. 6, 10: veluti si a feminā manumissa [[sit]]: [[tunc]] [[enim]] e lege Atiliā petere debet tutorem, Gai Inst. 1, 195; 1, 76; 1, 40; 3, 181; Fragm. Vat. 52; Dig. 2, 4, 8; 5, 3, 13, § 12; 7, 3, 1; 19, 1, 11, § 15; 11, 1, 20; Just. Inst. 1, 12, § 6; in the jurists, saep.—<br /> <b>4</b> Referring to [[future]] [[time]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> In gen.: [[tunc]] illud [[vexillum]] ... coloniae Capuae inferetur; [[tunc]] [[contra]] hanc Romam [[illa]] altera [[Roma]] quaeretur, Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 86: [[tunc]], ut quaeque [[causa]] crit statuetis, [[nunc]] libertatem repeti [[satis]] est, Liv. 3, 53, 10: senatūs [[consultum]] adjectum est ut ... [[praetor]] qui [[tunc]] esset ... [[apud]] eorum quem qui manumitteretur ... jusjurandum daret, etc., id. 41, 9, 11: nec taedebit avum parvo advigilare nepoti ... Tunc operata deo [[pubes]] discumbet in herbā, etc., Tib. 2, 5, 95: [[tunc]] [[interea]] [[tempus]] exercitūs ex hoc [[loco]] educendi habebis, Gell. 3, 7, 7.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With the [[force]] of a conditional [[clause]]: [[tunc]] me [[biremis]] Tutum ... Aura feret geminusque [[Pollux]] (i. e. si mugiat [[malus]] procellis), Hor. C. 3, 29, 62: vectabor umeris [[tunc]] ego inimicis [[eques]] (i. e. si hoc feceris), id. Epod. 17, 74: [[tunc]] tua me infortunia laedent (i. e. si dolebis [[tibi]]), id. A. P. 103: [[tunc]] ego jurabo quaevis [[tibi]] numina ... Tunc ego ... Efficiam, etc., Ov. H. 15 (16), 319: [[tunc]] [[piger]] ad nandum, [[tunc]] ego [[cautus]] ero, id. ib. 17 (18), 210.—<br /> <b>B</b> Representing [[sequence]] or [[succession]] in events, = [[deinde]].<br /> <b>1</b> Simple [[sequence]] in [[time]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Time [[proper]] ([[rare]] [[till]] [[after]] the Aug. per.; in Cic. perh. [[only]] in the foll. passages): [[Herodotus]] cum Romā reverteretur, offendit eum mensem qui sequitur mensem comitialem. Tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XLV [[dies]] [[longum]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130: veni in eum sermonem ut docerem, etc. Tunc mihi [[ille]] dixit [[quod]], etc., id. Fam. 3, 5, 3: dixi ei, me ita facturum esse ut, etc. Tunc [[ille]] a me petivit, etc., id. ib. 3, 6, 2 is [[finis]] pugnae equestris fuit. Tunc adorti [[peditum]] aciem, nuntios ad consules rei gestae mittunt, Liv. 3, 70, 8: [[tandem]] curiā excesserunt. Tunc sententiae interrogari coeptae, id. 45, 25, 1: equites, relictis equis, provolant [[ante]] signa ... Tunc [[inter]] priores duorum populorum res geritur, id. 7, 8, 1: [[iterum]] [[deinde]] [[interpellatus]], in proposito persistit. Tunc Poppedius, abjecturum [[inde]] se ... minatus est, Val. Max. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 5, 4, 1; 7, 3, 2; 7, 3, 6: [[tunc]] intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adulescentis figit, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 2; so id. Ot. Sap. 1, 1; id. Q. N. 1, 12, 1: Dareum XXX [[inde]] stadia abesse praemissi indicabant. Tunc consistere [[agmen]] jubet, Curt. 3, 8, 24: contionem discedere in manipulos jubet. Tunc a veneratione Augusti [[orsus]] flexit ad victorias, Tac. A. 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 1, 67; 12, 31; 12, 33; 12, 69; id. H. 4, 72; Vitr. 1, 4, 12; 1, 6, 7; 2, 1, 2; 2, 1, 4; 5, 12, 5; 7, praef. 5; 7, 1, 3; 7, 2, 2; 8, 1, 1; Suet. Ner. 49; id. Vit. 15 fin.; id. Dom. 16; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 22, 6; 6 (7), 17, 6; 13, 31 (30), 6; 14, 2, 9; Flor. 2, 13 (4, 2), 71; Just. 11, 4, 1; 11, 10, 2; 12, 7, 7; 13, 3, 4; 18, 4, 10 et saep.; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 26.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Before an abl. absol. (postclass.): statuunt [[tempus]] quo foedissimum quemque invadant. Tunc, [[signo]] [[inter]] se [[dato]], inrumpunt contubernia, Tac. A. 1, 48: [[tunc]], Campaniae ora proximisque insulis circuitis, Caprearum secessui [[quadriduum]] impendit, Suet. Aug. 98: [[tunc]], exercitu in Aetoliam promoto, pecunias civitatibus imperat, Just. 14, 1, 6; 21, 5, 2; 22, 2, 7; 25, 2, 6.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Implying a [[consequence]], [[then]], under these circumstances, [[hence]], [[accordingly]]: caedere januam saxis, instare ferro, ligna circumdare ignemque circumicere coeperunt. Tunc cives Romani, qui Lampsaci negotiabantur, concurrunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: huc tota Vari conversa [[acies]] suos fugere videbat. Tunc [[Rebilus]]; Perterritum, inquit, hostem vides; [[quid]] dubitas, etc., Caes. B. C. 2, 34: animadversum est, [[extra]] consuetudinem longius a [[vallo]] esse aciem Pompei progressum. Tunc [[Caesar]] [[apud]] suos Differendum est [[iter]], inquit, etc., id. ib. 3, 85: omnium spe celerius [[Saguntum]] oppugnari adlatum est. Tunc relata de [[integro]] res ad senatum, Liv. 21, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 30, 10: Tisiphoneque Saevit et huc [[illuc]] impia [[turba]] fugit. Tunc [[niger]] in portā serpentum [[Cerberus]] [[ore]] Stridet, Tib. 1, 3, 71: [[apud]] patres disseruit, nec posse Orientem [[nisi]] Germanici sapientiā conponi, etc. Tunc decreto patrum permissae Germanico provinciae, Tac. A. 2, 43; id. H. 4, 83; Vitr. 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 16; Just. 39, 3, 11.—Emphatically, = tum [[vero]]: [[donec]] [[ipse]] [[quoque]] [[longinquo]] morbo est [[implicitus]]. Tunc [[adeo]] fracti [[simul]] cum corpore sunt [[spiritus]] [[illi]] feroces ut, etc., Liv. 1, 31, 6.—And = tum [[primum]]: [[multitudo]] [[tandem]] perrumpit ordines hostium. Tunc vinci [[pertinacia]] coepta, et averti manipuli [[quidam]], Liv. 9, 39, 10. —<br /> <b>2</b> In enumerations [[with]] tum ... [[deinde]] ... [[postea]], etc.<br /> <b>(a)</b> In gen. (postclass.): [[ante]] omnia instituit ut e libertorum bonis [[dextans]] ... cogeretur; [[deinde]] ut ingratorum, etc.; [[tunc]] ut lege majestatis facta omnia ... tenerentur, Suet. Ner. 32 med.; so, [[tunc]] ... [[deinde]] ... [[tunc]], etc., Vitr. 1, 6, 12 and 13: [[tunc]] ... [[tunc]] ... [[deinde]] ... [[tunc]], id. 3, 5, 5 and 6; cf. id. 5, 12, 4; cf. Suet. Oth. 6; Flor. 4, 2, 88.—With tum: terras [[primum]] situmque earum quaerit; [[deinde]] condicionem maris; [[tunc]] [[quidquid]] [[inter]] [[caelum]] terrasque interjacet perspicit ... tum, peragratis humilioribus, ad [[summa]] prorumpit, Sen. Cons. Helv. 17 fin.; so Gai Inst. 3, 6, 3.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Of [[successive]] speakers in [[dialogue]] ([[rare]]): tu [[vero]] abi, inquit, etc. Tunc [[Mucius]] Quandoquidem, inquit, est [[apud]] te virtuti [[honos]], etc., Liv. 2, 12, 15: [[apud]] quem [[Valerius]] in hunc modum egit, etc. Tunc [[Collatinus]] Quaero inquit, etc., Val. Max. 2, 8, 2.—With tum: [[tunc]] poëta ... inquit, etc. Tum [[Fronto]] ita respondit, etc., Gell. 19, 8, 10 and 11; 12, 13, 19; Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4.—<br /> <b>C</b> In co-ordination ([[very]] [[rare]]).<br /> <b>1</b> = [[praeterea]], and [[then]]: ([[Romulus]]) hoc consilio [[fultus]] ... locupletari [[civis]] non destitit. Tunc, id [[quod]] retinemus [[hodie]] magnā cum [[salute]] rei publicae, auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est [[Romulus]], Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 15 sq.: [[praeter]] has, [[frugalitas]] et [[continentia]] ... splendorem [[illi]] suum adfunderent. Tunc providentiā cum elegantiā [[quantum]] [[decoris]] [[illi]] adderent! Sen. Ep. 115, 3.—<br /> <b>2</b> In the [[connection]] cum ... [[tunc]] (v. tum, I. C. 3.): vivendum recte est cum [[propter]] plurima, [[tunc]] est Idcirco, etc., Juv. 9, 118 ([[poet]]. for tum, on [[account]] of the foll. vowel).—<br /> <b>3</b> Vid. [[tunc]] [[etiam]], III. B. 7. β.<br /><b>II</b> As correlative of [[dependent]] clauses.<br /> <b>A</b> Of [[temporal]] clauses [[with]] cum.<br /> <b>1</b> Referring to [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]].<br /> <b>a</b> Tunc as [[antecedent]] of the [[clause]]: [[set]] [[Stalagmus]] quojus erat [[tunc]] nationis [[quom]] [[hinc]] abit? Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108: etiamne in arā [[tunc]] sedebant mulieres Quom ad me profectu's [[ire]]? id. Rud. 3, 6, 8: quo damnato [[tunc]], cum judicia fiebant, HS. IV milibus lis aestimata est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 22: [[etenim]] [[tunc]] esset hoc animadvertendum cum [[classis]] Syracusis proficiscebatur, id. ib. 2, 5, 43, § 111: [[atque]] [[ille]] eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui [[necesse]] erat: vos [[tunc]] paruistis cum paruit [[nemo]] [[nisi]] qui voluit, id. Lig. 7, 20: se ita pugnaturos ut Romae pugnaverint in repetendā patriā, ut [[postero]] [[die]] ad Gabios, [[tunc]] cum effecerint ne [[quis]] hostium, etc., Liv. 6, 28, 9: et [[quod]] [[tunc]] fecimus cum hostem Hannibalem in Italiā haberemus, id [[nunc]], [[pulso]] Hannibale, cunctamur facere? id. 31, 7, 5: [[infelix]] [[Dido]], [[nunc]] te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas, Verg. A. 4, 597 (Rib. tum; v. Prisc. p. 8, 841 P.): prudenter sensit [[tunc]] [[incrementum]] Romano imperio petendum fuisse cum [[intra]] [[septimum]] lapidem triumphi quaerebantur, Val. Max. 4, 1, 10: quorum [[nihil]] [[tunc]] cum diceretur [[parum]] aptum fuit, Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf. Val. Max. 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 8, ext. 1.—<br /> <b>b</b> Introducing the [[apodosis]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Of coincident actions: cum jam adpropinquantium [[forma]] lemborum [[haud]] [[dubie]] esset ... [[tunc]] injecta [[trepidatio]], Liv. 44, 28, 10.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> = [[deinde]]: [[adversus]] singula quaeque cum respondere [[haud]] [[facile]] esset, et quereretur ... purgaretque se [[invicem]], [[tunc]] [[Papirius]], redintegratā irā, virgas et secures expediri jussit, Liv. 8, 32, 10: [[divus]] [[Caesar]] cum exercitum habuisset [[circa]] [[Alpes]], imperavissetque, etc., [[tunc]] qui in eo castello fuerunt ... noluerunt imperio parere, Vitr. 2, 9, 15: cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX milibus hostium summum [[cacumen]] teneri, [[tunc]] hortatur socios, recedant, Just. 2, 11, 5.—<br /> <b>2</b> Of [[definite]] [[present]] [[time]], [[tunc]] is not [[found]]; v. tum.—<br /> <b>3</b> Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]].<br /> <b>a</b> As [[antecedent]]: [[arbitror]], quo nos [[etiam]] [[tunc]] utimur cum ea dicimus jurati quae comperta habemus, Cic. Font. 13, 29 (9, 19): [[tunc]] obsequatur naturae cum senserit, etc., id. Fragm. Hort. Phil. 75 B. and K.; id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16; id. Verr. 1, 18, 55; 2, 5, 12, § 29: qui [[tunc]] vocat me, cum [[malum]] librum legi, [[only]] ... [[when]], [[never]] ... [[unless]] (= [[τότε]] δή), Cat. 44, 21 Ellis (Müll. tum): deum [[tunc]] adfuisse cum id evenisset, veteres oratores aiebant, Quint. 10, 7, 14: [[tunc]] est commovendum [[theatrum]] cum ventum est ad illud Plodite, id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 4, 2, 8; 12, 11, 7; Vitr. 2, 9, 3: [[voluptas]] [[tunc]], cum [[maxime]] delectat, exstinguitur, Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 4; cf. id. Q. N. 1, prol. 3; 5, 3, 3; 6, 3, 1; id. Ep. 10, 5; 85, 38: in tantam quantitatem tenetur quae [[tunc]] in [[peculio]] fuit cum sententiam dicebat, Dig. 5, 1, 15: [[tunc]] cum certum esse coeperit neminem ex eo testamento [[fore]] heredem, Gai Inst. 3, 13; 4, 71; Dig. 28, 3, 6, § 6; 40, 12, 16, § 2; 40, 7, 34.—<br /> <b>b</b> Introducing the [[apodosis]]: cum [[autem]] fundamenta ita [[distantia]] [[inter]] se fuerint constituta, [[tunc]] [[inter]] ea [[alia]] transversa ... collocentur, Vitr. 1, 5, 7; 2, 1, 6; 2, 3, 2; 2, 5, 2; 3, 5, 13: cum folia pauca in acumine germinent, [[tunc]] [[maxime]] serendas [[ficus]], Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 245; Just. 41, 2, 9.—<br /> <b>4</b> Referring to [[future]] [[time]]: ex ceteris [[autem]] generibus [[tunc]] [[pecunia]] expedietur cum legionibus victricibus erunt quae spopondimus persolvenda, Cic. Fragm. Ep. Caes. jun. 1, 8: [[tunc]] [[inter]] eas [[fore]] finem belli dixit cum alterutra [[urbs]] in habitum pulveris esset redacta, Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3: poterant videri [[tunc]] incohanda cum omnia quae ... peregissem, Quint. 6, 4, 1; Col. praef. 33;<br /> v. [[infra]], III. A. 2. β.—<br /> <b>B</b> With [[temporal]] clauses introduced by ubi ([[rare]]).<br /> <b>1</b> Of [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]]: ad [[quod]] [[bellum]] ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare [[tunc]] [[enixe]] tribuni, Liv. 4, 55, 2: haec ubi convenerunt, [[tunc]] [[vero]] Philomelus consuetudinem nocte egrediendi frequentiorem facere, id. 25, 8, 9.—<br /> <b>2</b> Of [[indefinite]] [[time]].<br /> <b>a</b> As [[antecedent]]: [[tunc]] [[autem]] est consummata [[infelicitas]], ubi turpia non [[solum]] delectant, sed [[etiam]] placent, Sen. Ep. 39, 6; id. Ben. 2, 3, 3; 2, 17, 3; id. Ep. 89, 19.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[apodosis]]: stillicidia ubi plura coiere et [[turba]] [[vires]] dedit, [[tunc]] fluere et [[ire]] dicuntur, Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; 6, 17, 2; 6, 18, 2.—<br /> <b>C</b> With [[temporal]] clauses introduced by [[postquam]] ([[posteaquam]]); [[rare]].<br /> <b>1</b> Of [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]]: [[posteaquam]] ingenuae virgines et ephebi venerunt ad deprecandum, [[tunc]] est [[pollicitus]] his legibus ut, etc., Vitr. 10, 16, 7 ([[but]] in Sall. C. 51, 40 Dietsch reads tum).—<br /> <b>2</b> Of [[indefinite]] [[time]]: si [[vero]] [[posteaquam]] eam destinasses, [[tunc]] perierit, etc., Dig 17, 2, 58, § 1.—<br /> <b>D</b> With [[temporal]] clauses introduced by ut ([[very]] [[rare]]): ut [[vero]] ... [[casus]] suorum miseris eluxit, [[tunc]] toto littore plangentium [[gemitus]], [[tunc]] infelicium matrum [[ululatus]] ... audiebantur, Just. 19, 2, 11.—<br /> <b>E</b> With [[temporal]] clauses introduced by [[quando]] ([[rare]]).<br /> <b>1</b> As [[antecedent]]: [[tunc]] [[quando]] abiero, Plaut. Pers. 4, 7, 19 (4, 8, 8): [[tunc]] inserentur (cerasi) [[quando]] his vel non est, vel desinit [[gummi]] effluere, Pall. Oct. 12.—<br /> <b>2</b> In [[apodosis]]: [[quando]] quodque eorum siderum cursum [[decorum]] est adeptum ... [[tunc]] ex alterius naturae motione transversa ... vinci a tardioribus videbantur, Cic. Univ. 9.—<br /> <b>F</b> With [[temporal]] clauses introduced by dum ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[tunc]] [[tamen]] utrumque tolerabile est, dum [[illi]] vis sua est, Sen. Ep. 83, 21.—<br /> With conditional clauses.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.<br /> <b>(a)</b> As [[antecedent]]: [[consilium]] istud [[tunc]] esset [[prudens]] si rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2: [[sin]] [[autem]] [[ventus]] interpellaverit et ... [[tunc]] habeat canalem [[longum]] [[pedes]] [[quinque]], etc., Vitr. 8, 5, 2: [[tunc]] fidem fallam, [[tunc]] inconstantiae [[crimen]] audiam si, cum omnia [[eadem]] sint quae erant promittente me, non praestitero [[promissum]], Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In [[apodosis]]: si se [[simul]] cum [[gloria]] rei gestae exstinxisset, [[tunc]] victorem, [[quidquid]] licuerit in [[magistro]] equitum, in militibus ausurum, Liv. 8, 31, 7: quem si inclusit [[mare]], tum [[ille]] exitu [[simul]] redituque praecluso, volutatur, Sen. Q. N. 6, 15: [[quod]] si non illum, sed me peccasse putabis, [[tunc]] ego te credam cordis habere [[nihil]], Mart. 2, 8, 6: si [[nullus]] [[sit]] suorum heredum, [[tunc]] [[hereditas]] pertinet ad adgnatos, Gai Inst. 3, 9: si [[vero]] dissentiunt, [[tunc]] praetoris partes necessariae sunt, Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 19; Sen. Q. N. 6, 9, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 205; Dig. 1, 3, 22.—<br /> <b>2</b> With a [[supposition]] [[contrary]] to [[fact]]: audivi te cum alios consolareris: [[tunc]] conspexissem, si te [[ipse]] consolatus esses, Sen. Prov. 4, 5.—<br /> After abl. absol. ([[rare]]): legatis auditis, [[tunc]] de [[bello]] referre [[sese]] [[Aemilius]] dixit, Liv. 44, 21, 1: his ita praeparatis, [[tunc]] in rotae modiolo [[tympanum]] includatur, Vitr. 10, 9 (14), 2.<br /><b>III</b> Particular connections.<br /> <b>A</b> With [[other]] particles of [[time]].<br /> <b>1</b> Jam [[tunc]] ([[rare]]): [[nisi]] jam [[tunc]] omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem, Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: [[bellum]] jam [[tunc]] ab illis geri [[coeptum]] cum sibi Phrygiam ademerint, Trog. Pomp. ap. Just. 38, 53: At. C. [[Marius]] L. Sullam jam [[tunc]], ut praecaventibus fatis, copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit, Vell. 2, 12, 1: Archilochum [[Nepos]] [[Cornelius]] tradit, Tullo Hostilio Romae regnante, jam [[tunc]] fuisse poëmatis clarum et nobilem, Gell. 17, 21, 8: [[palam]] jam [[tunc]] multae civitates libertatem [[bello]] vindicandam fremebant, Just. 13, 5, 5. —<br /> <b>2</b> With [[demum]] and [[denique]], not [[until]] [[then]], [[then]] [[only]], [[then]] at [[last]].<br /> <b>a</b> Tunc [[demum]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Absol.: [[tunc]] [[demum]] [[nuntius]] [[missus]] ad tertiam legionem revocandam, Liv. 41, 3, 5: [[tunc]] [[demum]] pectora plangi Contigit, Ov. H. 11, 91: [[tunc]] [[demum]] intrat [[tabernaculum]], Curt. 4, 13, 20: [[tunc]] [[demum]] [[alia]] [[mala]] (exstiterunt), Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 6: (aquilae) [[primo]] deponunt, expertaeque [[pondus]], [[tunc]] [[demum]] abeunt, Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 14: [[tunc]] [[demum]] ... invidiam quae sibi fieret deprecati sunt, Suet. Calig. 9: [[tunc]] [[demum]] ad [[otium]] concessit, id. Claud. 5.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With cum [[clause]]: [[postero]] [[die]] cum circumsessi aquā arceremur, nec ulla ... erumpendi [[spes]] esset, [[tunc]] [[demum]] pacti sumus, etc., Liv. 21, 59, 6: et [[serius]] cum redisset, tum [[demum]], [[recepto]] sospite filio, victoriae tantae [[gaudium]] [[consul]] sensit, id. 44, 44, 3: cum ab his oritur, [[tunc]] [[demum]] ei [[ratio]] [[constat]], Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.: quos ordine suo [[tunc]] [[demum]] persequar cum praefaturus fuero, Col. praef. 33; Sen. Ep. 84, 6; id. Q. N. 7, 13, 1.—<br /> <b>b</b> Tunc [[denique]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): hi dicebantur in eo tempore μαθηματικοί. Exinde ad perspicienda principia naturae procedebant ac [[tunc]] [[denique]] nominabantur φυσικοί, Gell. 1, 9, 7.—<br /> <b>3</b> Tunc [[primum]]: [[quia]] [[tunc]] [[primum]] superbiae nobilitatis [[obviam]] itum est, Sall. J. 5, 2: [[tunc]] [[primum]] [[circo]] qui [[nunc]] [[maximus]] dicitur, designatus [[locus]] est, Liv. 1, 35, 8: eum dolorem ulta est ([[plebs]]) [[tunc]] [[primum]] plebeis quaestoribus creatis, id. 4, 54, 2: [[tunc]] [[primum]] equo merere equites coeperunt, id. 5, 7, 13: lectisternio [[tunc]] [[primum]] in urbe Romanā [[facto]], id. 5, 13, 6; Tac. A. 11, 38; Suet. Ner. 17; Just. 8, 5, 1; 11, 10, 2; Jul. [[Capitol]]. Anton. Phil. 5; 7.—<br /> <b>4</b> With [[deinde]] (cf.: tum [[deinde]]).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Deinde [[tunc]]: roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, [[deinde]] [[tunc]] corporis, Sen. Ep. 10, 4; 74, 23; 117, 1.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Tunc [[deinde]]: [[primum]] militiae [[vinculum]] est [[religio]] et signorum [[amor]], et deserendi [[nefas]]; [[tunc]] [[deinde]] [[facile]] [[cetera]] exiguntur, Sen. Ep. 95, 35; 11, 4; Val. Fl. 8, 109; Cels. 4, 15.—So, [[tunc]] [[postea]], Vitr. 1, 6, 7.—<br /> <b>5</b> Tunc [[tandem]]: [[simul]] [[enim]] cessit possessione Dii, excitavit hostem, ut [[tunc]] [[tandem]] sciret recuperanda esse quae [[prius]] amissa forent, Liv. 44, 8, 4.—<br /> <b>B</b> With [[emphatic]] particles.<br /> <b>1</b> Tunc [[vero]] (or [[enimvero]]): in turbatos jam hostes equos inmittunt. Tunc [[vero]] [[Celtiberi]] omnes in fugam effunduntur, Liv. 40, 40, 10: cunctantem [[tamen]] [[ingens]] vis morbi adorta est. Tunc [[enim]] [[vero]] deorum ira admonuit, id. 2, 36, 6: [[tunc]] [[vero]] impotentis fortunae [[species]] conspici potuit, Curt. 3, 11, 23: Tiberioque suspensa [[semper]] verba; [[tunc]] [[vero]] nitenti, etc., Tac. A. 1, 11.—<br /> <b>2</b> Tunc [[quidem]]: et [[tunc]] [[quidem]] [[Perseus]] copias reduxit; [[postero]] [[die]], etc., Liv. 42, 57, 9: [[tunc]] [[quidem]] sacrificio [[rite]] perpetrato, reliquum noctis rediit, etc., Curt. 4, 13, 16; cf. id. 3, 12, 21.—<br /> <b>3</b> Ne [[tunc]] [[quidem]]: [[quia]] ne [[tunc]] [[quidem]] obsistebatur, Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9: ac ne tum [[quidem]] senatu aut [[populo]] appellato, Suet. Ner. 41; cf. Just. 27, 3, 6.—<br /> <b>4</b> Tunc [[maxime]] (or [[tunc]] cum [[maxime]]).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Chiefly at [[that]] [[time]], [[especially]] [[then]]: [[Theophrastus]] est [[auctor]], in Ponto quosdam amnes crescere tempore [[aestivo]] ... aut [[quia]] [[tunc]] [[maxime]] in umorem [[mutabilis]] [[terra]] est, aut [[quia]], etc., Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 2.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Just [[then]]: hospitem [[tunc]] cum [[maxime]] utilia suadentem abstrahi jussit ad capitale [[supplicium]], Curt. 3, 2, 17: non incidunt causae quae iram lacessant? sed [[tunc]] [[maxime]] [[illi]] oppugnandae [[manus]] sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 14, 2: [[sapiens]] [[tunc]] [[maxime]] paupertatem meditatur cum in mediis divitiis constitit, id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1.—<br /> <b>5</b> Tunc [[interea]], Gell. 3, 7, 7;<br /> v. [[supra]], I. A. 4. α.—<br /> <b>6</b> Etiam [[tunc]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Even [[then]]: experiri [[etiam]] [[tunc]] [[volens]] an ullae sibi reliquae [[vires]] essent, etc., Gell. 15, 16, 3.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Still: [[quam]] defunctam [[praetextatus]] [[etiam]] [[tunc]] pro rostris laudavit, Suet. Calig. 10.— And [[with]] cum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 8;<br /> v. [[supra]], II. A. 1. a.—<br /> <b>7</b> Tunc [[etiam]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Etiam as connective, tum = eo tempore: in civitate plena religionum, [[tunc]] [[etiam]] ob recentem cladem superstitiosis principibus, ut renovarentur auspicia, res ad [[interregnum]] redit, Liv. 6, 5, 6.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Poet. for tum [[etiam]], on [[account]] of the vowel: ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine [[certo]], Tunc [[etiam]] ... [[Tethys]] solet ipsa vereri, Ov. M. 2, 68.—<br /> <b>8</b> Tunc [[quoque]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Also [[then]]: irae [[adversus]] Vejentes in insequentem annum dilatae sunt. Tunc [[quoque]] ne [[confestim]] [[bellum]] indiceretur [[religio]] obstitit, Liv. 4, 30, 13; 44, 37, 12: [[saepe]] legit flores; et [[tunc]] [[quoque]] [[forte]] legebat, Ov. M. 4, 315: [[quare]] et [[sereno]] tonat? [[quia]] [[tunc]] [[quoque]] per quassum et scissum aëra [[spiritus]] prosilit, Sen. Q. N. 2, 18: cum [[quidam]] histriones producti [[olim]], [[tunc]] [[quoque]] producerentur, Suet. Claud. 21: [[tunc]] [[quoque]] in Hyrcaniam remittitur, Just. 38, 9, 9.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Even [[then]]: [[tunc]] [[quoque]] cum antiqui [[illi]] viri inclite viverent, [[cura]] comere capillum fuit, Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7: [[faba]] [[vero]] non [[antequam]] trium foliorum. Tunc [[quoque]] levi [[sarculo]] purgare [[melius]] [[quam]] fodere, Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241; Suet. Ner. 26; Flor. 1, 7, 12.—With tum [[demum]]: [[tametsi]] ad audiendum [[pigre]] coitur. Plerique in stationibus sedent ... ac sibi nuntiari jubent an jam [[recitator]] intraverit ... an ex magnā parte evolverit librum: tum [[demum]] ac [[tunc]] [[quoque]] [[lente]] cunctanterque veniunt, Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> = sic [[quoque]], [[even]] as it [[was]]: [[quin]] [[nisi]] firmata extrema agminis fuissent, [[ingens]] in eo saltu accipienda [[clades]] fuerit. Tunc [[quoque]] ad extremum periculi ventum est, Liv. 21, 34, 8.—<br /> <b>C</b> Tunc temporis (postclass.; v. tum, III. E.): ex gente obscura [[tunc]] temporis Persarum, Just. 1, 4, 4: parvae [[tunc]] temporis [[vires]] Atheniensibus erant, id. 3, 6, 6: ad abolendam invidiae famam quā [[insignis]] [[praeter]] ceteros [[tunc]] temporis habebatur, id. 8, 3, 7: erat [[namque]] [[tunc]] temporis [[urbs]] Appulis [[Brundisium]], id. 12, 2, 7. | ||
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