κόπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Od.18.28, etc.: <span class="bld">A</span> fut. κόψω Hippon.83, Men.''Pk.''64, etc.: aor. ἔκοψα, Ep. [[κόψα]] Il.13.203: pf. [[κέκοφα]] ([[ἐκκόπτω]]) X.''HG''6.5.37, ([[περικόπτω]]) Lys.14.42, ([[συγκόπτω]]) [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''169b; Ep. part. [[κεκοπώς]] Il.13.60 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[κεκοφώς]], [[κεκοπών]]), Od.18.335:—Med., fut. κόψομαι [[LXX]] ''Ez.''6.9: aor. ἐκοψάμην [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.166:—Pass., fut. κεκόψομαι ([[ἀποκόπτω]]) Ar.''Nu.''1125, ([[ἐκκόπτω]]) Id.''Ra.'' 1223, ([[κατακόπτω]]) X.''An.''1.5.16, κοπήσομαι [[LXX]] ''Je.''8.2, Gal.13.759: aor. ἐκόπην A.''Ag.''1278, Ar.''Ra.''723, Th.8.13: pf. κέκομμαι A.''Pers.''683:—[[cut]], [[strike]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[smite]], ο' ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Od.18.335: c. dupl. acc., <b class="b3">κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον</b> smote him on the [[cheek]], Il.23.690.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[smite]] with [[weapon]]s, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Od.8.528; τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.113: metaph. in Pass., with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν ''AP''11.335.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[smite]], [[slaughter]] an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Il.17.521, cf. Od.14.425, X.''An.''2.1.6; in Trag., A.''Ag.''1278, ''Eu.''635, E.''El.''838.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[cut off]], [[chop off]], κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Il.13.203; χεῖράς τ' ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον Od.22.477; κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις X.''An.''4.6.26; <b class="b3">κ. δένδρα</b> [[cut down]] or [[fell]] [[tree]]s, Th.2.75, X. ''HG''5.2.39,43; <b class="b3">κ. τὴν χώραν</b> [[lay]] it [[waste]], ib.3.2.26, 4.6.5:—in Pass., of ships, to [[be shattered]], [[be disabled]] by the [[enemy]], Th.4.14,8.13:—metaph., φρενῶν κεκομμένος A.''Ag.''479 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα</b> [[prevent]]ing, Theoc.21.28; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being [[suddenly]] [[stop]]ped, [[arrest]]ed, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''367a10.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[strike]], [[beat]] a [[horse]], to make him go [[faster]], κόψε δ' Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Il.10.513; also <b class="b3">σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[Αἴαντε]]) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος 13.60.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[hammer]], [[forge]], κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς 18.379, Od.8.274; later, [[stamp]] metal, i.e. [[coin]] [[money]], κ. νόμισμα ''IG''12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), Xenoph.4, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.56:—Med., [[coin oneself]] [[money]], [[order to be coined]], κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Id.1.94, cf. 4.166:—Pass., of [[money]], to [[be stamped]] or [[be coined]], [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Ar.''Ra.''723, cf. 726.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[knock]] or [[rap at]], τὴν θύραν Id.''Nu.''132, ''Pl.''1097, And. 1.41, X.''HG''5.4.7, Men.''Epit.''538, Phld.''Vit.''p.30 J., Plu.''Alc.''8, etc.; without <b class="b3">θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις</b>; Ar.''Ec.''976.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[pound]], [[bray]] in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.71; <b class="b3">ἀσταφίδα κεκ</b>. Alex.127.4; <b class="b3">ἔλαιον κεκ</b>., i.e. [[pure]] [[oil]], [[LXX]] ''3 Ki.''5.11.<br><span class="bld">9</span> [[knock]], [[dash about]], τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Pl.''Ti.''60b; κόνις… κοπτομένη… ὑφ' ἅρμασι Hes. ''Sc.''63; θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς Theoc.22.16.<br><span class="bld">10</span> of birds, [[peck]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''609b5; ὁ [[ἁλιάετος]]… τὰ λιμναῖα κ. = [[prey]]s on the [[lagoon]] [[life]], ib.593b24; <b class="b3">σπειρὴν κ.</b> [[peck]] at, Arat.449; of fish, [[gnaw]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]'' 620b17; of a [[snake]], [[strike]], Il.12.204:—Pass., of wood or seeds, to [[be worm-eaten]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Historia Plantarum|HP]]'' 3.18.5, 8.11.2.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[munch]], [[masticate]], dub. in Chionid.6.<br><span class="bld">11</span> <b class="b3">ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην</b> [[jar]]s his [[rider]] by his [[pace]]s, X.''Eq.''1.4:—Pass., ib.8.7, Hp.Aër.21.<br><span class="bld">12</span> <b class="b3">κ. ὄνους</b> [[dress]], [[prepare]] [[millstone]]s for [[use]], Alex.13; [[set]], [[sharpen]], Herod.6.84:—Med., ''AP'' 11.253 (Lucill.).<br><span class="bld">13</span> metaph., [[tire out]], [[weary]], μήθ' ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ' ἐμαυτὸν κ. [[Demosthenes|D.]] ''[[Prooemia|Prooem.]]'' 29, cf. Alciphr.2.3; λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν... ἢ μὴ κόπτε με Hegesipp.1.3, cf. Sosip.1.20; μὴ κόπτ' ἔμ', ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα Alex.173.12; κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''19; κ. τὰ ὦτα Poll.6.119; κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις Plu.''Phoc.''7, cf. Moer.p.74 P.:—Pass., to [[be worn out]], κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις D.2.16.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Med. [[κόπτομαι]] = [[beat oneself]] or [[strike oneself]], [[beat one's breast]] or [[beat one's head]] through [[grief]], κεφαλὴν δ' ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Il.22.33, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.121.δ (also Act. <b class="b3">τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν</b>; Men.''Her.''4); κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.58 (with [[μαχαίρῃσι]] added 2.61): abs., [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 60b, ''R.''619c: pf. Pass., [πόλις] κέκοπται A.''Pers.'' 683:—Act. c. acc. cogn., ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Id.''Ch.''423 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κόπτεσθαί τινα</b> [[mourn for]] any one, κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν Ar.''Lys.''396, cf. ''Ev.Luc.''8.52; but also [[ἐπί]] τινα ''Apoc.''1.7, 18.9 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt '[[chop]] small', '[[beat]]', '[[stamp]]', Lat. [[capo]] '[[capon]]', perhaps [[σκέπαρνον]].)