χθών: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, gen. [[χθονός]],<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[earth]], esp. [[the surface of the earth]] (rarely [[soil]], χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν A.''Ag.''872): ''poet.'' word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, [[LXX]] ''3 Ki.''14.15 (cod. Alex.), ''Supp.Epigr.'' 2.520 (Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11); ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς Od.8.375, cf. 10.149, Il.14.349; ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα 8.492, cf. 11.619; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς 20.483; κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί 6.473, cf. 3.89; χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι 13.180; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ χ.</b>, opp. [[οὐρανῷ]], 4.443; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο 1.88; ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες Od.8.222, etc.; τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι 6.153; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. S.''Tr.''811; <b class="b3">χθόνα δύμεναι</b> to go beneath [[the earth]], i.e. to die, Il.6.411, Hes.''Sc.''151; <b class="b3">ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ</b> χθονός Od.11.52; <b class="b3">κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς</b> buried, A.''Th.''588; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά S.''Ant.''24, cf. ''OC''1546 (Pass.); χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι Pi.''N.''8.38; κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι E.''Alc.''463 (lyr.); opp. [[θάλασσα]], A.''Ag.''576; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χθονός</b>, of [[the nether world]], Τάρταρον... ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον Il.8.14; κάτω μελαίνας χ. Alc.''Supp.''7.10, cf. A.''Eu.''72; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι</b>, i.e. those [[in the shades below]], Id.''Ch.''833 (lyr.), cf. S.''Ant.''65; <b class="b3">ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί</b>, i.e. the Erinyes, A.''Eu.''115; <b class="b3">εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους</b> ib. 1023.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[earth]], i.e. [[the world]], Id.''Pr.''139 (anap.), ''Ag.''528; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός S.''Fr.''956.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[Earth]], as a goddess, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''207, ''Eu.''6.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[land]], [[country]], once in Hom., <b class="b3">εἴσατο δὲ χ.</b>, of Ithaca, Od. 13.352; <b class="b3">πολύμηλος χ.</b>, of Libya, Pi.''P.''9.7; <b class="b3">εὔκαρπος χ.</b>, of Sicily, Id.''N.''1.14; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., <b class="b3">χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων</b>, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''61 (anap.), 485; with Art., πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόνα S.''El.''423; τῆς περιρρύτου χ. Αήμνου Id.''Ph.''1; τὴν Κορινθίαν χ. Id.''OT''795; τὴν ἐμὴν χ. Id.''Aj.''846; <b class="b3">τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ.</b> (paratrag.) Ephipp. 14.13; even of a [[city]], τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ. S.''OC''1348; νόμους χθονός Id.''Ant.''368 (lyr.), cf. ''OT''736,939; Com., ὦ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος,.. οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονός Ar.''Fr.''110 (lyr.); ξένης ἀπὸ χ. Eup.71 (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. [[kṣámi]] 'on the ground', Hittite [[tegan]] 'ground', Tocharian tkan- 'place', Ir. [[dū]] 'place' (acc. [[don]], dat. dun).)