δίκη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], ἡ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[custom]], [[usage]], <b class="b3">αὕτη δίκη ἐστὶ βροτῶν</b> this is the [[way]] of [[mortal]]s, Od.11.218; ἡ γὰρ δ. ἐστὶ γερόντων 24.255, etc.; ἥ τ' ἐστὶ δ. θείων βασιλήων 4.691; ἡ γὰρ δμώων δ. ἐστίν 14.59, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ γὰρ δίκη, ὁππότε</b>… this is always the [[way]], when... 19.168 (so in late Prose, ἥπερ [[ἱππομαχία]]ς δ. Arr.''An.''3.15.2); <b class="b3">δίκαν ἐφέπειν τινός</b> to [[imitate]] him, Pi.''P.''1.50; <b class="b3">δίκην ἐπέχειν τινός</b> to [[be like]]... Anon.Lond.6.18; [[normal course of nature]], ἐκ τουτέων ὁ [[θάνατος]] οὐ γίνεται κατά γε δίκην, οὐδ' ἢν γένηται Hp.''VC''3: hence,<br><span class="bld">2</span> adverb. in acc. [[δίκην]], [[in the way of]], [[after the manner of]], c. gen., λύκοιο Pi.''P.''2.84; πώλου S. ''Fr.''659; τοξότου Pl.''Lg.''705e; in later Prose, Arist.''Mu.''395b22, Luc. ''Dem.Enc.''31, Alciphr.1.6, etc.: mostly of living creatures or persons, but also of things, as <b class="b3">δίκην ὕδατος, δίκην ἀγγείου</b>, A.''Th.''85 (lyr.), Pl. ''Phdr.''235d.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[order]], [[right]], [[μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευές]] = [[nothing short of what is fit]], Il.19.180; opp. [[βία]], might, 16.388; opp. <b class="b3">σχέτλια ἔργα</b>, Od.14.84; personified, Hes.''Th.''902, A.''Th.''662, etc.; Δίκης [[βωμός]] Id.''Ag.''383 (lyr.), ''Eu.''539 (lyr.); [[truth|Truth]], Pi.''P.''8.71.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[δίκη ἐστί]] = [[δίκαιόν ἐστι]] ([[it is just]]), A.''Ag.''259, cf. 811, ''Eu.''277.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Adverb. usages, [[δίκῃ]] = [[duly]], [[rightly]], Il.23.542, Pl.''Criti.''112e; [[ἐν δίκᾳ]] Pi.''O.''6.12, cf.S.''Tr.''1069, etc.; [[σὺν δίκῃ]] Thgn.197, Pi.''P.''9.96, A.''Th.''444, etc.; [[κατὰ δίκην]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.35, E.''Tr.''888, etc.; [[μετὰ δίκης]] Pl.''Lg.''643e; [[πρὸς δίκης]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1014, ''El.''1211 (but [[πρὸς δίκας]] = [[on the score of justice]], Id.''OC''546 (lyr.)); διαὶ δίκας A.''Ch.''641; [[ἐκ δίκης]] Herod.4.77: opp. [[παρὰ δίκαν]] Pi.''O.''2.18, etc.; [[ἄνευ δίκης]] A.''Eu.''554; [[πέρα δίκης]] Id.''Pr.''30; [[βίᾳ δίκης]] Id.''Supp.''430 (lyr.); [[δίχα δίκης]] = [[without trial]], Plu.''Ages.''32; [[πρὸ δίκης]] = [[in preference to legal proceedings]], Th.1.141.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[judgement]], [[δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν]] = give [[judgement]] most [[righteously]] (cf. [[ἰθύς]]), Il.18.508: especially in plural, Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ 16.542; περὶ οἶδε δίκας Od.3.244, etc.; δίκαι σκολιαί Hes.''Op.''219,250; κρῖνε εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.''Eu.''433.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> after Hom., of [[proceedings instituted to determine legal rights]], hence,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[lawsuit]], Pl.''Euthphr.''2a, D.18.210, etc.; prop. [[private suit]] or [[private action]], opp. [[γραφή]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Lys.1.44, etc.; ἐκαλοῦντο αἱ γραφαὶ δίκαι, οὐ μέντοι αἱ δίκαι καὶ γραφαί Poll.8.41; [[οἱ δίκην ἔχοντες]] = [[the parties to a suit]], IG7.21.8 (Megara), cf. Plu.''Cic.'' 17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[trial]] of the [[case]], [[πρὸ δίκης]] Is.5.10, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι Th.2.53; [[court]] by which it was tried, ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι καὶ τῇ δίκῃ Antipho 6.6.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[δίκην εἰπεῖν]] to [[plead a cause]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.8.1; δ. μακρὰν λέγειν Ar.''V.''776, cf. Men.''Epit.''12.<br><span class="bld">3</span> the [[object]] or [[consequence]] of the [[action]], [[atonement]], [[satisfaction]], [[penalty]], [[δίκην ἐκτίνειν]], [[δίκην τίνειν]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.94, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''113: adverbially in acc., τοῦ δίκην πάσχεις τάδε; [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''614; freq. [[δίκην διδόναι]] or [[δίκας διδόναι]] = [[suffer punishment]], i.e. [[make amends]] (but [[δίκας διδόναι]], in A.''Supp.''703 (lyr.), to [[grant arbitration]]); [[δίκας διδόναι]] τινί τινος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.2, cf. 5.106; ἔμελλε τῶνδέ μοι δώσειν δίκην S.''El.''538, etc.; also [[ἀντί]] or [[ὑπέρ]] τινος, Ar.''Pl.'' 433, Lys.3.42; also [[δίκην διδόναι ὑπὸ θεῶν]] to [[be punished by gods]] Pl. ''Grg.''525b; but [[δίκας ἤθελον δοῦναι]] = they [[consent]]ed to [[submit]] to [[trial]], Th.1.28; [[δίκας λαμβάνειν]] sometimes = [[δίκας διδόναι]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.115; δίκην ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανες E.''Ba.''1312, ''Heracl.''852; more freq. its correlative, [[inflict punishment]], [[take vengeance]], Lys.1.29, etc.; [[λαβεῖν δίκην]] παρά τινος D.21.92, cf.9.2, etc.; so [[δίκην ἔχειν]] to [[have one's punishment]], Antipho 3.4.9, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 529c (but [[ἔχω τὴν δίκην]] = [[have satisfaction]], Id.''Ep.''319e; παρά τινος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.45); [[δίκας ὑπέχειν]] or [[δίκην ὑπέχειν]] = [[stand trial]], Id.2.118, cf. S. ''OT''552; δίκην [[παρασχεῖν]] E.''Hipp.''50; [[θανάτου δίκην ὀφλεῖν ὑπό τινος]] to [[incur]] the [[death]] [[penalty]], Pl.''Ap.''39b; δίκας [[λαγχάνειν]] τινί D.21.78; δίκης [[τυχεῖν]] παρά τινος ib.142; δίκην [[ὀφείλειν]], δίκην [[ὀφλεῖν]], Id.21.77, 47.63; [[ἐρήμην]] [[ὀφλεῖν]] τὴν δίκην Antipho 5.13; [[δίκην φεύγειν]] = [[try]] to [[escape]] it, be the [[defendant]] in the [[trial]] (opp. [[διώκειν]] = [[prosecute]]), D. 38.2; [[δίκας αἰτέειν]] = [[demand satisfaction]], τινός [[for]] a thing, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.114; δ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί Id.1.120; τινός [[for]] a thing, Antipho 4.1.5; δίκαι ἐπιφερόμεναι Arist.''Pol.''1302b24; δίκας ἀφιέναι τινί D.21.79; δίκας [[ἑλεῖν]], v. [[ἔρημος]] ''ΙΙ''; <b class="b3">δίκην τείσασθαι</b>, v. [[τίνω]] ''ΙΙ''; δὸς δὲ δίκην καὶ δέξο παρὰ Ζηνί ''h.Merc.''312; [[δίκας διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ' ἀλλήλων]], of communities, [[submit]] [[cause]]s to [[trial]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.83; δίκην δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ X.''Ath.''1.18, etc.; [[δίκας δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι]] = [[submit]] [[difference]]s to a [[peaceful]] [[settlement]], Th.5.59.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Pythagorean name for [[three]], Plu.2.381f, ''Theol.Ar.''12; for [[five]], ib.31. (Cf. Skt. diś-, diśā '[[direction]]', '[[quarter]] of the [[heaven]]s'.)