λόφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[back of the neck]]; of a [[horse]], [[withers]], Il.23.508; ὑποζυγίων Dsc.4.185; of a [[man]], [[nape of the neck]], Il.10.573: metaph., [[ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον ἔχειν]] = [[have the neck under the yoke]], i.e. [[obey patiently]], S. ''Ant.''292; cf. [[εὔλοφος]] ''ΙΙ''.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[crest of a hill]], [[ridge]], Od.11.596, 16.471, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.124; so always in Pi., as ''O.''8.17, ''N.''5.46, and in Th.4.124, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''682b.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[crest]] of a [[helmet]], κυνέην… ἵππουριν, δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν Il.16.138, cf. 6.469, 15.537; λεῦκοι ἴππιοι λ. Alc.15.2; [[χρύσεος]] λ. Il.18.612, cf. 19.383; τρεῖς κατασκίους λ. σείει A.''Th.''384, cf. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''575, 586; λόφων ἐπένευον ἔθειραι Theoc.22.186; of Carian origin acc. to [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.171; λ. τε σείων Κάρικον Alc.22; λ. [[ὑακινθοβαφής]], on a [[Persian]] [[helmet]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.4.2; λ. τρίχινοι ''PSI''5.533.7 (iii B.C.); Ar. jeers at the [[λόφος|λόφοι]] of [[Lamachus]], ''Ach.''575, 586, 965 sq., 1074.—Rare in any of these senses in Att. Prose.<br><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., [[crest]] or [[tuft]] on the head of birds, whether of feathers, as the lark's crest, Simon.68, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''617b20; or of [[flesh]], as the [[cock]]'s [[comb]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''496, ''Av.''1366, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''486b13, Phld.''Rh.''2.188 S.: metaph., ῥήματα… [[ὀφρῦς]] ἔχοντα καὶ λόφους Ar.''Ra.''925.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of men, [[tuft of hair]] upon the crown, [[λόφους κείρεσθαι]] = [[shave]] so as to [[leave]] [[tuft]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.175; [[Χῖος λόφος]] = a [[tonsure]] in the middle of the [[head]], Eust.1462.38.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of large fishes, = [[λοφιά]], Plu.2.978a.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[neck of drawing animals and men]], [[crest of a helmet]], [[crest of a hill]] (Il.), also [[crest or tuft on the head of birds]], [[of feathers or flesh]] (Simon., Hdt., Ar., Arist.).<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">γή-</b>, <b class="b3">γεώ-λοφος</b> [[earth-hill]] (Pl., X.) with illuminating first member (Risch IF 59, 268); rarely as 1. member, e.g. ([[τὰ]]) [[λόφουρα]] [[with crest-like tail]], of drawing-animals and animals of burden (horses, asses, <b class="b3">τὰ ὑποζύγια</b>) as opposed to ruminants (Arist., Thphr., hell. inscr.). - Side-form [[λόφη]] f. [[comb]] (D.S.; after [[κόμη]]?).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: [[λόφιον]] [[small crest of helmet]] (sch.), [[λοφίδιον]] [[small hill]] (Ael.). Other substant.: 2. [[λοφιά]], Ion. <b class="b3">-ιή</b> f. [[comb for manes]], [[hair-]], [[breast, back-fin etc.]] (τ 446, also Hdt., Arist.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 72 f.); 3. [[λοφεῖον]] [[crest-case]] (Ar.), also <b class="b3">λοφίς περικεφαλαίας θήκη</b> H. 4. [[λοφίας]] m. [[fish with back-fins]], denomination of the [[φάγρος]] (Numen. ap. Ath.; like [[ἀκανθίας]] a.o., Chantraine Formation 94), also the first dorsal vertebra' (Poll.); in the last meaning also [[λοφαδίας]] (Poll.; <b class="b3">*λοφάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδιος</b>); [[λοφιήτης]] m. [[inhabitant of a hill]] (AP, of Pan, after [[πολιήτης]]). 5. [[λόφωσις]] m. [[crest ornament]] (Ar. Av. 291; cf. [[ἀέτωσις]] [s. [[αἰετός]]]). - 6. Adjectives: [[λοφώδης]] [[crest-like]], [[hilly]] (Arist.), [[λοφόεις]] [[crested]], [[hilly]] (Tryph., Nonn.). - 7. Verbs: [[λοφάω]] [[be crested]] (Babr., Ar., H.; after [[κομάω]], Leumann Hom. Wörter 307 n. 77); [[λοφίζω]] <b class="b2">have the λ. in the hight</b> (Zonar.); [[λοφόομαι]] [[rise]], [[form a hill]] (Eust.). -- 8. Hypostasis: [[καταλοφάδεια]] adv. [[hanging down from the neck]] (κ 169 with metr. conditioned <b class="b3">-εια</b>, cf. [[κατωμάδιος]], [[κατωμαδόν]]; Chantraine Form. 39, Gramm. hom. 1, 101 u. 176).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: As both Alc. (Z 65) and Hdt. (1, 171) consider the helmet-crest as a Carian invention, Schulze Q. 257, 4 sees in [[λόφος]] as [[crest of the helmet]] a Carian LW [loanword], which he, certainly wrongly, wants to separate from [[λόφος]] [[neck]]. - An acceptable connection gives Toch. A [[lap]] [[head]] (Schulze Kl. Schr. 252); CSl. ORuss. [[lъbъ]] [[skull]] with OCS [[lъbьnъ]] [[belonging to the skull]] (with Russ. [[lob]] [[front]], Ukr. [[ɫob]] [[front]], [[head]]) presents serious difficulties because of the vowel. Uncertain Illyr. PN <b class="b2">Otto-(Atto-)lobus</b> (Mayer Glotta 32, 83). - Lit. in Vasmer Wb. s. [[lob]], Sadnik-Aitzetmüller Hwb. zu den aksl. Texten 264 (No. 486), v. Windekens Lex. étym. s. lap. Wrong IE etymologies are rejected by Bq.

|ftr='''λόφος''': {lóphos}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Nacken von Zugtieren und Menschen]], [[Helmbusch]], [[Hügel]] (vorw. ep. poet. seit Il.), auch [[Federbusch]], [[Hahnenkamm]], [[Haube der Vögel]] (Simon., Hdt., Ar., Arist. usw.).<br />'''Composita''': Oft als Hinterglied, z.B. γή-, [[γεώλοφος]] [[Erdhügel]] (Pl., X. usw.) mit verdeutlichendem Vorderglied (Risch IF 59, 268); selten als Vorderglied, z.B. (τὰ) λόφουρα [[mit buschartigem Schwanz]], Ben. von Zug- und Lasttieren (Pferden, Eseln, Mauleseln, τὰ ὑποζύγια) im Gegensatz zu den Wiederkäuern (Arist., Thphr., hell. Inschr.). — Nebenform [[λόφη]] f. [[Kamm]] (D.S.; nach [[κόμη]]?).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Deminutiva: [[λόφιον]] [[kleiner Helmbusch]] (Sch.), [[λοφίδιον]] [[Hügelchen]] (Ael.). Sonstige Substantiva: 2. [[λοφιά]], ion. -ιή f. ‘Mähne, Haar-, Borstenkamm, Rückenflosse’ (poet. seit τ 446, auch Hdt., Arist. u.a.; vgl. Scheller Oxytonierung 72 f.); 3. [[λοφεῖον]] [[Helmbuschfutteral]] (Ar.), auch [[λοφίς]]· περικεφαλαίας [[θήκη]] H. 4. [[λοφίας]] m. [[mit Rückenflossen versehener Fisch]], Ben. des [[φάγρος]] (Numen. ap. Ath.; wie [[ἀκανθίας]] u.a., Chantraine Formation 94), auch der erste Wirbelknochen’ (Poll.); in der letztgenannten Bed. auch [[λοφαδίας]] (Poll.; *λοφάς, -άδιος); [[λοφιήτης]] m. [[Hügelbewohner]] (''AP'', von Pan, nach [[πολιήτης]]). 5. [[λόφωσις]] m. [[Hauben schmuck]] (Ar. ''Av''. 291; vgl. [[ἀέτωσις]] [s. [[αἰετός]] m. Lit.). — 6. Adjektiva: [[λοφώδης]] [[kammähnlich]], [[hügelig]] (Arist. u. a.), [[λοφόεις]] [[mit Federbusch versehen]], [[hügelig]] (Tryph., Nonn.). — 7. Verba: [[λοφάω]] [[eine Haube tragen]] (Babr., Ar., H.; nach [[κομάω]], Leumann Hom. Wörter 307 A. 77); [[λοφίζω]] ‘den λ. in die Höhe heben’ (Zonar.); [[λοφόομαι]] [[sich erheben]], [[einen Hügel bilden]] (Eust.). — 8. Hypostase: [[καταλοφάδεια]] Adv. [[vom Nacken herabhängend]] (κ 169 mit metrisch bedingtem -εια, vgl. [[κατωμάδιος]], [[κατωμαδόν]]; Chantraine Form. 39, Gramm. hom. 1, 101 u. 176).<br />'''Etymology''': Weil sowohl Alk. (''Z'' 65) wie Hdt. (1, 171) den Helmbusch als eine karische Erfindung betrachten, will Schulze Q. 257, 4 in [[λόφος]] im Sinn von [[Helmbusch]] ein karisches LW sehen, das er, gewiß mit Unrecht, von [[λόφος]] [[Nacken]] zu trennen vorschlägt. — Eine annehmbare Anknüpfung bietet toch. A ''lap'' [[Kopf]] (Schulze Kl. Schr. 252); ksl. aruss. ''lъbъ'' [[Schädel]] mit aksl. ''lъbьnъ'' [[zum Schädel gehörig]] (wozu u. a. russ. ''lob'' [[Stirn]], ukr. ''ɫob'' [[Stirn]], [[Kopf]]) macht wegen des Vokals große Schwierigkeiten. Unsicher illyr. PN ''Otto''-(''Atto''-)''lobus'' (Mayer Glotta 32, 83). — Lit. bei Vasmer Wb. s. ''lob'', Sadik-Aitzetmüller Hwb. zu den aksl. Texten 264 (No. 486), v. Windekens Lex. étym. s. ''lap''. Verfehlte idg. Etymologien werden von Bq abgelehnt.<br />'''Page''' 2,139-140