τρέφω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Il.5.52, etc.; Dor. [[τράφω]] (v. sub voce); 1sg. opt.<br><span class="bld">A</span> τρέφοιν E.''Fr.''903: fut. θρέψω ''h.Ven.''257, etc.: aor. 1 [[ἔθρεψα]], Ep. [[θρέψα]] Il.2.548: aor. 2 ἔτρᾰφον (v. infr. B): pf. [[τέτροφα]] intr., Od.23.237, (συν-) Hp.''Morb.Sacr.'' 11; but trans., S.''OC''186 (lyr.); also τέτρᾰφα Plb.12.25h.5:—Med., fut. θρέψομαι in pass. sense, Hp.''Genit.''9, ''Nat.Puer.'' 23, Th.7.49, etc.: aor. ἐθρεψάμην Pi.''O.''6.46, A.''Ch.''928, etc.:—Pass., fut. τρᾰφήσομαι Ps.-D.60.32, D.H.8.41, etc., but in early writers in med. form [[θρέψομαι]] (v. supr.): aor. 1 [[ἐθρέφθην]], Ep. [[θρέφθη]] Hes.''Th.'' 198, rare in Trag. and Att., E.''Hec.''351, 600, Pl.''Plt.''310a; ἐθράφθη ''IG''12(9).286 (Eretria, vi B. C.): aor. 2 ἐτράφην [ᾰ] Hom. (sed v. infr. B), A.''Th.''754 (lyr.), [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''335 (lyr.), etc.; Ep. 3pl. [[ἔτραφεν]], [[τράφεν]], Il.23.348, 1.251: pf. τέθραμμαι Hp.''Nat.Hom.''5, E.''Heracl.''578, etc.; 2pl. τέθραφθε Pl.''Lg.''625a (but [[συντέτραφθε]] [[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]] in [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.4.14); inf. τεθράφθαι Pl.''Grg.''525a, X.''HG''2.3.24 (in both with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] <b class="b3">τετρ-</b>).<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[thicken]] or [[congeal]] a [[liquid]], <b class="b3">γάλα θρέψαι</b> [[curdle]] it, Od.9.246; [[τρέφε]] (impf.) πίονατυρόν Theoc.25.106:—Pass., with pf.Act. [[τέτροφα]], [[curdle]], [[congeal]], γάλα τρεφόμενον τυρὸν ἐργάζεσθαι Ael.''NA''16.32; περὶ χροΐ τέτροφεν ἅλμη Od.23.237.<br><span class="bld">II</span> usu., [[cause to grow]] or [[increase]], [[bring up]], [[rear]], especially of children bred and brought up in a [[house]], ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα Il.8.283; ἥ μ' ἔτεχ', ἥ μ' ἔθρεψε Od.2.131, cf. 12.134; εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδ' ἀτίταλλεν Il.16.191, cf. Od.19.354; ἐγώ σ' ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω A.''Ch.''908, cf. ''Supp.''894; μέχρι ἥβης τ. Th.2.46; γεννᾶν καὶ τ. Pl.''Plt.''274a; τ. τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν Id.''R.''565c: c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">τ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα</b> [[bring up]] in a certain way, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.2; also [[τῶν]] πρώτων μαθημάτων, ἐν οἷς οἱ παλαιοὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔτρεφον Gal.16.691:—Med., [[rear for oneself]], θρέψαιό τε φαίδιμον υἱόν Od.19.368; αὐτὸν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες Pi.''O.''6.46; τεκοῦσα τόνδ' ὄφιν ἐθρεψάμην A.''Ch.''928; οἱ γεννήσαντες καὶ θρεψάμενοι Pl.''Lg.''717c; τεκὼν ἀρετὴν καὶ θ. Id.''Smp.''212a; ἔτεκον μὲν ὑμᾶς πολεμίοις δ' ἐθρεψάμην ὕβρισμα E.''HF''458:—Pass., to [[be reared]], [[grow up]], ὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ Il.9.143; τῇ ὁμοῦ ἐτρεφόμην Od.15.365; ἅμα τράφεν ἠδ' ἐγένοντο Il.1.251, etc.; <b class="b3">κάρτιστοι τράφεν ἀνδρῶν</b> [[grew up]] the strongest men, ib.266:—prop. a boy was called [[τρεφόμενος]] only so long as he remained in the charge of the women, i.e. till his fifth year, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.136; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὅτου 'τράφην ἐγώ</b> from the time when I left the [[nursery]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''322; but even of pre-natal [[growth]], ἐν σκότοισινηδύος τεθραμμένη A.''Eu.''665, cf. ''Th.''754 (lyr.):—generally, in Trag., τραφεὶς μητρὸς εὐγενοῦς ἄπο [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1229; <b class="b3">ὅπως πατρὸς δείξεις οἷος ἐξ οἵου τράφης</b> ib.557; κρατίστου πατρὸς . . τραφείς Id.''Ph.''3: <b class="b3">παῖδες μητέρων τεθραμμέναι</b> [[true]] [[nursling]]s of your mothers, implying a [[reproach]] for [[unmanliness]] ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]), A.''Th.''792; <b class="b3">μιᾶς τρέφει πρὸς νυκτός</b> art [[nurse]]d by night alone, i.e. art [[blind]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 374.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of slaves, cattle, dogs and the like, [[rear and keep]] them, κύνας Il.22.69, Od.14.22, etc.; ἵππους Il.2.766; <b class="b3">λέοντος ἶνιν</b> (v. [[σίνις]]) A.''Ag.''717 (lyr.); μῆλα Id.''Eu.''946 (lyr.); ὄφιν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''226 (cj. for [[στρέφουσι]]); ἰκτῖνα Ar. ''Fr.''628; ὄρτυγας Eup.214; ὄρνιθας [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''197c; <b class="b3">οἱ τρέφοντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐλέφαντας</b>) the [[keepers]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''571b33; τ. παιδαγωγούς Aeschin.1.187; also τ. γυναῖκα E.''IA''749; <b class="b3">τ. [ἑταίραν], [πόρνας]</b>, [[keep]]... Antiph. 2, Diph. 87; <b class="b3">ὁ τρέφων</b> one's [[master]], Nicol.Com.1.11,36: metaph., <b class="b3">αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει</b> [[he keeps]] a sea-beach in the house, Ar.''V.''110:—Pass., to [[be bred]], [[be reared]], δοῦλος οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ' οἴκοι τραφείς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1123; <b class="b3">ἐν τῇ σῇ οἰκίᾳ γέγονεν καὶ τέθραπται</b> was born and [[bred]], Pl.''Men.''85e; <b class="b3">Ἀγαθῖνον θρεμένον</b> (i.e. [[τεθρεμμένον]], = [[θρεπτόν]], v. [[θρεπτός]] ''1'') ἑαυτῶν ''MAMA''4.275 ''B'' (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.); <b class="b3">Νείκην τὴν θρεμένην μου</b> ib.276 ''A'' (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[tend]], [[cherish]], <b class="b3">τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον</b>, of Calypso, Od.5.135, cf. 7.256; of plants, Il.17.53; θρέψασα φυτὸν ὥς 18.57, cf. Od.14.175.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of parts of the body, [[let grow]], [[cherish]], [[foster]], χαίτην . . Σπερχειῷ τρέφε Il.23.142; τῷ θεῷ [πλόκαμον] τ. E.''Ba.''494; ὑπήνην ἄκουρον τ. Ar.''V.''476 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τ. κόμην</b>, = [[κομᾶν]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.82; [τρίχες] πολλῷ ἐλαίῳ τραφεῖσαι Hero ''Bel.''112: also <b class="b3">τά θ' ὕεσσι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν</b> things which [[put]] [[fat]] [[on]] [[swine]], Od.13.410; τεθραμμένη εἰς [[πολυσαρκία]]ν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.22.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in Poets, of earth and sea, [[breed]], [[produce]], [[teem with]], οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τ. ἀνθρώποιο Od.18.130; ἄγρια, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη Il.5.52; φάρμακα, ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών 11.741; ὅσ' ἤπειρος . . τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα Hes.''Th.''582; πολλὰ γᾶ τρέφει δεινά A.''Ch.''585 (lyr.), cf. 128, E.''Hec.''1181; θάλασσα . . τρέφουσα πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα A.''Ag.''959; <b class="b3">ὃν πόντος τ.</b>, i.e. the sailors, Pi.''I.''1.48: rare in Prose, ἀεί τι ἡ Αιβύη τρέφει καινόν Arist. ''GA''746b8.<br><span class="bld">6</span> in Poets also, simply, [[have]] within [[oneself]], [[contain]], ὅ τι καὶ πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον S.''OC''186 (lyr.), cf. ''Tr.''817; <b class="b3">τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν</b> to [[keep]] his [[tongue]] more [[quiet]], Id.''Ant.''1089; ἡ γλῶσσα τὸν θυμὸν δεινὸν τ. Id.''Aj.''1124; τἀληθὲς γὰρ ἰσχῦον τρέφω Id.''OT'' 356 (so in Pl., τ. ἰσχυρὸν τὸ ἐλεινόν ''R.''606b); τ. νόσον S. ''Ph.''795; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τ. Id.''Tr.''28; ἄταν Id.''Aj.''644 (lyr.); <b class="b3">οἵας λατρείας . . τρέφει</b> what services . . [[she]] has as her [[lot]], ib.503; <b class="b3">ἐν ἐλπίσιν τρέφω . . ἥξειν</b> I [[cherish]] hopes that... Id.''Ant.''897; <b class="b3">τὸν Καδμογενῆ τρέφει . . βιότου πολύπονον [πέλαγος]</b> [[is]] his [[daily]] [[lot]], Id.''Tr.''117 (lyr., but Reiske's cj. [[στρέφει]] is prob.); πόνοι τρέφοντες βροτούς E.''Hipp.''367 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[maintain]], [[support]], τ. ἀνδρὸς μόχθος ἡμένας ἔσω A.''Ch.''921, cf. Pi.''O.''9.106; τοῦ τρέφοντος Ἡλίου χθονὸς φύσιν A.''Ag.''633; τ. τὸν πατέρα Aeschin.1.13; τὴν οἰκίαν ὅλην D.59.67; οὐ δίκαιον τρέφεσθαι ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὑὸν ἡβῶντα Pl.''R.''568e; τὰ κτήνη χιλῷ ἐτρέφοντο X.''An.''4.5.25; <b class="b3">γάλακτι, τυρῷ, κρέασι τ.</b>, Id.''Mem.'' 4.3.10; [[σίτῳ]], [[ὄψῳ]], Id.''Lac.''1.3; [[feed]] a patient, Gal.15.503, 19.185; [[provide the food for]] an employee, <b class="b3">σοῦ τρέφοντος αὐτόν, ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱματίζοντος</b> αὐτόν ''BGU''1647.14 (ii A. D.); also τ. ἀπό τινος Pl.''Prt.''313c, X.''HG''2.1.1; ἔκ τινος A.''Ag.''1479 (lyr.), cf. Pl.''R.''372b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[maintain]] an army or fleet, Th.4.83, X.''An.''1.1.9 (Pass.); τ. τὰς ναῦς Th. 8.44, X.''HG''1.5.5, 5.1.24; <b class="b3">τ. τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων</b> ib.4.8.9; ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν τρέφεσθαι Id.''An.''7.4.11, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of land, [[feed]], [[maintain]] one, τρέφει γὰρ οὗτος [ὁ ἀγρὸς] . . με Philem.98.2, cf. Men.63,466, al.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of women, [[feed]] or [[suckle]] an infant, συνεξομοιοῦται τὰ τρεφόμενα ταῖς τρεφούσαις Sor.1.88; <b class="b3">γυνὴ τρέφουσα</b> ib.87; ἡ [[τρέφουσα]] = ἡ [[τροφός]], Gal.6.44.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of food, [[nourish]], τὰ Ἡρακλεωτικὰ τρέφει οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀμυγδάλοις Diocl.Fr.126, cf. 117; ἡ οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως τῷ σώματι διδομένη τροφὴ οὐ τρέφει Sor.1.49; πυρῶν . . ὅσοι κοῦφοι . . ἧττον τρέφουσι Gal.''Vict.Att'' 6; τὸ δέρμα πᾶν αὐτοῖς ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ φλεγματώδους αἵματος τρεφόμενον οἰδαλέον γίνεται Id.18(2).118, cf. 106.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[bring up]], [[rear]], [[educate]], Hes.''Fr.''19, Pi.''N.''3.53, etc.; τῷ λόγῳ τ. καὶ παιδεύεις Pl.''R.''534d; θρέψαι καὶ παιδεῦσαι D.59.18; Δήμητερ ἡ θρέψασα τὴν ἐμὴν φρένα A.''Fr.''479; <b class="b3">ἡ θρέψασα</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[γῆ]]) the [[motherland]], Lycurg. 47:—Med., ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤθεσιν Pl.''Lg.''695e; <b class="b3">ἡ θρεψαμένη</b> one's [[motherland]], Lycurg.85:—Pass., <b class="b3">ὀρθῶς, εὖ τραφῆναι</b>, Pl. ''R.''401e, ''Alc.''1.120e; <b class="b3">παιδείᾳ, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παιδείᾳ τ.</b>, Id.''Lg.''695c, X. ''Cyn.''1.16; ἐν πολυτρόποις ξυμφοραῖς Th.2.44; ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]'' 172c; ἐν χλιδῇ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.5.54; ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''175d, ''Mx.''239a; ἐν ἄλλοις νόμοις Arist.''Pol.''1327a14; ἐν φωνῇ βαρβάρῳ Pl.''Prt.''341c; πάσαις Μούσαισι ''BCH''50.444 (Thespiae, iv A. D.).<br><span class="bld">V</span> the Pass. sometimes came to mean little more than to [[be]], <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἐμοὶ πολέμιον ἐτράφη</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τὸ γένος</b>) [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''335 (lyr.), cf. ''Th.''141, S.''OC''805.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Hom. uses an intr. aor. 2 Act. [[ἔτραφον]] in pass. sense (which is to [[τρέφομαι]], [[τέτροφα]] (intr.) as [[ἔδρακον]] to [[δέρκομαι]], [[δέδορκα]], etc.), ὃς . . ἔτραφ' ἄριστος Il.21.279; λέοντε ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρί 5.555; [[τραφέμεν]] (Ep. for [[τραφεῖν]]) 7.199, Od.3.28, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ</b>, i.e. when he [[was well-grown]], Il.2.661:—as trans. the aor. 2 is used by Hom. only in Il.23.90, and [[τράφε]] in Pi.''N.''3.53 is Dor. impf.:—[[ἐτράφην]] is perhaps post-Homeric; 3sg. [[τράφη]] is [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Il.2.661, 1pl. [[ἐτράφημεν]] and 1sg. [[ἐτράφην]] ([[περ]]) [[variae lectiones|vv.ll.]] in 23.84; [[τράφη]] is in all codd. of 3.201, 11.222, which should prob. be emended from 2.661; 3pl. ἔτραφεν 23.348 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἔτραφον]]), Od.10.417 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἔτραφον]]) <b class="b3">; τράφεν</b> in all codd. of Il.1.251, 266, Od.14.201, also (with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[τράφον]]) in 4.723: the [[vox nihili]] [[ἐτράφεμεν]], found in Il.23.84 as cited by Aeschin.1.149, was emended by Scaliger to [[ἐτράφομεν]]:—the redupl. 3sg. τέτραφ' Il.21.279, 3pl. τέτραφεν 23.348, are ff. ll., though found in many codd. Later this aor. became [[obsolete]], except in Ep. imitators, as in Call.''Jov.''55, Opp.''H.''1.774.