βασιλεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. βασιλέως, Ep. [[βασιλῆος]], Cypr. βασιλῆϝος ''Inscr.Cypr.''104,135H.: acc. [[βασιλέα]], contr. βασιλῆ Orac. ap. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.220, E.''Fr.''781.24 (lyr.): nom. pl. [[βασιλεῖς]], Aeol.<br><span class="bld">A</span> βασίληες Sapph.''Supp.''6.4, ''IG''12(2).6 (Mytil.), <b class="b3">βασίλειες</b> ib. 646a45, al., Ep. [[βασιλῆες]], old Att. [[βασιλῆς]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''188,960 (both lyr.), cf. Hdn. Gr.1.430: acc. pl. [[βασιλέας]] ''IG''12.115, later [[βασιλεῖς]] ib.2.243, etc.:—[[king]], [[chief]], Hom., etc.: freq. with collat. sense of [[captain]] or [[judge]], Hes. ''Op.''202; διοτρεφέες β. Il.2.445, etc.; θεῖοι Od.4.691, etc.; later, [[hereditary]] [[king]], opp. [[τύραννος]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1160b3, etc.; but also of [[tyrant]]s, as [[Hiero]], Pi.''O.''1.23; of [[Gelo]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.161; of [[Pisistratus]], Eup.123, cf. Sch. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''61: joined with a Subst., βασιλεὺς ἀνήρ Il.3.170, etc.; ἀνὴρ β. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.90; [[ἄναξ]] βασιλεύς = [[lord]] [[king]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''5, cf. B.17.1: c. gen., βασιλεὺς νεῶν A. ''Ag.''114 (anap.); [[οἰωνῶν βασιλεύς]], of the [[eagle]], ibid., Pi.''O.''13.21: Comp. [[βασιλεύτερος]] = [[more]] [[kingly]], Il.9.160,392, Od.15.533, Tyrt.12.7: Sup. [[βασιλεύτατος]] Il.9.69.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of the gods, Ζεὺς θεῶν β. Hes.''Th.''886, cf. Pi.''O.''7.34, Emp.128.2, etc. (in this sense Hom. uses [[ἄναξ]]); as cult title of [[Zeus]], ''IG''7.3073.90 (Lebad.), ''SIG''1014.110 (Erythrae), etc. (but [[Ζεὺς βασιλεύς]], = [[Ahuramazda]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.21, al., Arr.''An.''4.20.3); ὁ [[μέγας]] [[βασιλεύς]], of [[God]], [[LXX]] ''Ps.''47(48).2, Ph.2.107: Sup. βασιλεύτατοι τῶν θεῶν Max.Tyr.29.5.<br><span class="bld">2</span> as a title of rank, [[prince]], β. εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ ἐν… Ἰθάκῃ Od.1.394, cf. 8.390, etc.; of Cyrus, X.''Oec.'' 4.16.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[descendant]] of a [[royal]] [[house]], especially in [[Ionia]], Arist.''Ath.'' 41.3; <b class="b3">βασιλέων οἶκοι</b> '[[estate]]s of the [[royal]] [[house]]', [[name]] of a [[district]] in [[Chios]], [[Ἀθηνᾶ]] 20.168.<br><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[lord]], [[master]], Il.18.556, Pi.''O.''6.47.<br><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., πόλεμος πάντων β. Heraclit.53; νόμος ὁ πάντων β. Pi.''Fr.''169.<br><span class="bld">II</span> at [[Athens]], the second of the nine [[Archon]]s, IG12.76, al., Antipho 6.38, Lys.6.4, Arist.''Pol.''1285b17, ''Ath.'' 57, etc.; ἡ τοῦ β. στοά Pl.''Euthphr.''2a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> title of [[magistrate]]s in other Greek states, as [[βασιλᾶες]] at Elis, ''GDI''1152, cf. ''IG''12(2).6 (Mytil.), etc., Arist.''Pol.''1322b29.<br><span class="bld">3</span> at [[Rome]], [[βασιλεὺς τῶν ἱερῶν]] = [[rex sacrorum]], D.H.5.1, cf. D.C.54.27.<br><span class="bld">III</span> after the [[Persian]] [[war]] (without Art.), the [[king]] of [[Persia]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.174,al.; ἄναξ Ξέρξης β. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''5, cf. 144, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''61, Th.8.48, ''IG''22.141 (<b class="b3">βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου</b>, of the [[Satrap]]s, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''24, cf. 44, S.E.''M.''2.22); less freq. ὁ βασιλεύς [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.132,137, Arist.''Pol.''1304b13; β. ὁ μέγας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.188.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of [[Alexander]] and his [[successor]]s, usually with Art., ''IG''22.641,687, Men.293,340(pl.); Σέλευκος Antiph.187; [[Ἀντίγονος]] Alex.III; [[Πτολεμαῖος]] Id.244; Ὀσυμανδύας βασιλεὺς βασιλέων D.S. 1.47; title used by [[Parthian]] [[king]]s, Plu.''Pomp.''38, D.C.37.6, etc.; by [[Antony]], Plu.''Ant.''54; of [[God]], Apoc.17.14,19.16.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the [[Roman]] [[emperor]]s, AP10.25 (Antip. Thess.); βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίων ''BGU''588.10 (i A.D.), etc., cf. ''1 Ep.Ti.''2.2, J.''AJ''14.15.14; βασιλεὺς αὐτοκράτωρ ''IG''3.13 ([[Hadrian]]), Hdn.1.6.5; without Art., Paus.10.32.19.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of any [[great]] [[man]], πένησί τε καὶ βασιλεῦσιν Ps.-Phoc.113.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[first]] or [[most]] [[distinguished]] of any [[class]], Ἡρώδην τὸν β. τῶν λόγων Philostr. ''VS''2.10.1, cf. Luc.''Rh.Pr.''II; [[winner]] at a game, Poll.9.106, Sch.Pl. ''Tht.''146a; [[Stoic]] [[sage]], μόνος β. Luc.''Herm.''16; βασιλέως [[ἐγκέφαλος]] = '[[morsel]] [[fit]] for a [[king]]', Clearch.5; [[βασίλεια σῦκα]], name of a [[choice]] kind of [[fig]]s, Philem.Lex. ap. Ath.3.76f., cf. Poll.6.81.<br><span class="bld">V</span> = [[συμποσίαρχος]], Plu.2.622a, Luc.''Sat.''4.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[wren]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''592b27.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[queen-bee]], ib.623b9, ''GA''759a20, etc. (The form [[βασιλέα]] is scanned in Pi.''N.''1.39; codd. [[βασίλεια]].)  

|dgtxt=-έως, ὁ<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> [[βασιλῆς]] <i>ISKouklia</i> 237.7 (VI/V a.C.); [[βασιλεός]] <i>Schwyzer</i> 688c.8 (Quíos V a.C.); [[βαἱλεύς]] <i>IG</i> 5(1).885 (Laconia II a.C.)<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [sg. ac. βασιλῆα <i>Il</i>.2.188, βασίληα <i>IG</i> 12(2).6.45 (Mitilene III a.C.), βασιλῆ Orác. en Hdt.7.220, βασιλέια <i>IG</i> 2².495.15 (IV a.C.), 654.36 (III a.C.); gen. βασιλῆος <i>Il</i>.4.338, βασίληος Alc.387, βασιλῆϝος <i>IChS</i> 217.6 (Idalion V a.C.), 16 (Pafos IV a.C.), βασιλέος <i>Schwyzer</i> 83B.23 (Argos V a.C.), βασίλεος <i>IG</i> 12(2).526b.18 (Ereso III a.C.), βασιλεῖος <i>IG</i> 9(2).517.2 (Larisa III a.C.), βασιλεῦς <i>SEG</i> 9.5.12 (Cirene II/I a.C.); dat. βασιλῆϊ <i>Il</i>.3.170, βασίλει <i>IG</i> 12.<i>Suppl</i>.122.11 (Ereso III/II a.C.), βασιλεῖι <i>IG</i> 7.4136.2 (II a.C.); plu. nom. βασιλῆες <i>Il</i>.2.445, βασίληες Sapph.17.4, βασιλῆς S.<i>Ai</i>.189, βασίλεες <i>ILesb</i>.122.3 (Ereso I d.C.), βασίλειες <i>IG</i> 12(2).646a.45 (Neso); ac. βασιλῆας <i>Il</i>.2.250, βασίληας <i>IG</i> 12(2).645a.13 (Neso III a.C.), βασιλῆς S.<i>Ai</i>.390, βασίλεας <i>IG</i> 12.<i>Suppl</i>.3.23 (Mitilene II a.C.), βασιλεῖς <i>IG</i> 2².558.8 (IV a.C.); gen. βασιλήων <i>Il</i>.8.236, <i>IG</i> 12(2).645a.27 (Neso III a.C.); dat. βασιλήεσσι <i>IG</i> 12(2).645a.7 (Neso III a.C.)]<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b> [[rey]], [[soberano]]<br /><b class="num">a)</b> gener. διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες <i>Il</i>.1.176, 2.445, <i>Od</i>.4.63, Hes.<i>Th</i>.82, ἐκ δὲ Διὸς βασιλῆες Hes.<i>Th</i>.96, Call.<i>Iou</i>.79, [[ὑπερμενέων]] βασιλήων <i>Il</i>.8.236, <i>Od</i>.13.205, [[σκηπτοῦχος]] <i>Il</i>.1.279, <i>Od</i>.2.231, β. ... [[σκῆπτρον]] ἔχων <i>Il</i>.18.556, unido a un subst. [[ἀνήρ]] <i>Il</i>.3.170, Hdt.1.90, Philostr.<i>VA</i> 2.37, [[ἄναξ]] β. = <i>rey soberano</i>, <i>Od</i>.20.194, cf. A.<i>Pers</i>.5, op. [[τύραννος]] Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1285^b8, <i>EN</i> 1160^b3 (aunque frec. aplicado a tiranos, v. I 2)<br /><b class="num">•</b> plu. βασιλεῖς = <i>Reyes</i> tít. de una comedia de Nicóstrato, Ath.230d;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> en Hom. del [[soberano local]] o de los distintos héroes de la nobleza de los tiempos arcaicos βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν <i>Il</i>.23.36, 24.404, <i>Od</i>.1.394, pertenecientes al consejo <i>Il</i>.9.59, c. función soberana y poder de decisión, de Agamenón [[εἷς]] β., ᾧ δῶκε Κρόνου [[πάϊς]] ... [[σκῆπτρον]] τ' ἠδὲ θέμιστας <i>Il</i>.2.205<br /><b class="num">•</b> tb. fuera de Hom., de los Atridas βασίληες Sapph.17.4;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> en este sent. c. posibilidad de gradación: compar. [[βασιλεύτερος]] [[rey de mayor rango]] [[καί]] μοι ὑποστήτω, ὅσσον βασιλεύτερός εἰμι = <i>Agamenón a Aquiles sométase a mí por cuanto que soy un rey de mayor rango</i>, <i>Il</i>.9.160, cf. A.R.4.1102, en sup. Ἀτρεΐδη, σὺ μὲν ἄρχε· σὺ γὰρ βασιλεύτατός ἐσσι <i>Il</i>.9.69;<br /><b class="num">d)</b> de reyes posteriores<br /><b class="num">•</b> de Epito, Pi.<i>O</i>.6.47, del rey de Síbaris, Hdt.5.44, τὸν Σιδωνίων [[βασιλέα]] Theopomp.Hist.114, <i>IG</i> 2².141.5 (IV a.C.), cf. Call.<i>Cer</i>.114, <i>Dian</i>.255<br /><b class="num">•</b> del [[rey de Persia]] [[μέγας]] β. A.<i>Pers</i>.24, β. ὁ [[μέγας]] Hdt.1.188, ὁ β. Hdt.1.132, Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1304^b13, frec. sin art., Hdt.7.174, Th.8.48, Ach.Tat.3.25.5, de Hierón Συρακόσιον ... βασιλῆα Pi.<i>O</i>.1.23, cf. Hdt.7.161, de Pisístrato, Eup.137, de Alejandro Magno, Men.<i>Col.Fr</i>.2.4, <i>IG</i> 12(2).526b.18 (Ereso III a.C.), de los reyes helenísticos Σελεύκου τοῦ βασιλέως Antiph.Iun.6.4, cf. <i>IG</i> 2².641.13 (III a.C.), Call.<i>Del</i>.187, <i>Ap</i>.26, tb. c. el tít. βασιλεὺς βασιλέων = <i>rey de reyes</i> de Darío <i>IM</i> 115a.1 (V a.C.), de los reyes partos, Plu.<i>Pomp</i>.38, D.C.37.6.2, de los hijos de Cleopatra, Plu.<i>Ant</i>.54;<br /><b class="num">e)</b> en Roma del emperador τὸν ἐμὸν βασιλῆα ref. a Augusto <i>AP</i> 10.25 (Antip.Thess.), β. Ῥωμαίων <i>BGU</i> 588.10 (I d.C.), cf. Paus.10.32.19, <i>IGR</i> 4.341 (Pérgamo II d.C.), <i>IG</i> 2².3632.8 (Eleusis II d.C.), <i>FD</i> 4.275 (IV d.C.), ya como tít. βασιλεῖς αὐτοκράτορες <i>IG</i> 2².1088.9 (II d.C.), β. [[αὐτοκράτωρ]] <i>IG</i> 5(1).572.5 (Laconia III d.C.), οἱ θειότατοι βασιλεῖς <i>POxy</i>.1185.21 (II d.C.), οἱ μεγάλοι βασιλεῖς <i>IG</i> 2².1077.22 (III d.C.);<br /><b class="num">f)</b> de dioses [[rey]], [[soberano]] [[Ζεὺς]] δὲ [[θεῶν]] β. Hes.<i>Th</i>.886, [[θεῶν]] β. καὶ [[ἀνδρῶν]] Hes.<i>Th</i>.923, cf. <i>h.Cer</i>.358, A.<i>A</i>.355, Alc.387, 296a.3, Archil.301.2, Emp.B 128.2, Ar.<i>Nu</i>.1, tb. de Zeus [[θεῶν]] β. ὁ [[μέγας]] Pi.<i>O</i>.7.34, y, como epít., en Lebadea εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ βασιλέως <i>IG</i> 7.3073.90 (Lebadea II a.C.), Paus.9.39.4, 5, D.S.15.53, en Paros <i>IG</i> 12(5).134.3, 234, en Entras de Jonia <i>IEryth</i>.201a.77 (III a.C.), pero [[Κῦρος]] ἔθυε πρῶτον μὲν Διὶ βασιλεῖ de Ahuramazda X.<i>Cyr</i>.3.3.21, cf. Arr.<i>An</i>.4.20.3, en lit. del VT y crist. ὁ β. ὁ [[μέγας]] de Yaveh [[LXX]] <i>Ps</i>.47.3, 94.3, tb. c. el tít. β. βασιλέων [[LXX]] <i>Da</i>.2.37, de Dios δέσποτα ἐπουράνιε βασιλεῦ τῶν αἰώνων 1<i>Ep.Clem</i>.61.2.<br /><b class="num">2</b> fig. de lo que domina sobre todo [[el rey]] [[πόλεμος]] ... πάντων δὲ β. Heraclit.B 53, [[νόμος]] ὁ πάντων β. Pi.<i>Fr</i>.169.1, τοὺς τῶν [[πόλεων]] βασιλεῖς νόμους Alcid.25, del hombre como rey de la creación τὸν [[βασιλέα]] πάντων τῶν κατὰ γῆν Cosm.Ind.<i>Top</i>.3.35.<br /><b class="num">II</b> por ext. o anal.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[soberano]], [[príncipe]] de un prítanis perteneciente a un familia de régulos de Jonia, como apodo ὁ β. Arist.<i>Ath</i>.41.3, βασιλέων [[οἶκοι]] = <i>propiedades de la familia real</i> n. de una región de Quíos Ἀθῆνα 20.168B.11 (III/II a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b> en lit. crist., de Cristo β. τῶν Ἰουδαίων <i>Eu.Matt</i>.2.2, cf. <i>Eu.Marc</i>.15.9, como salvador σωτῆρα, [[βασιλέα]] καὶ θεὸν [[ἡμῶν]] <i>Const.App</i>.2.24.7, de los creyentes γίγνονται ἀξιωματικοὶ καὶ βασιλεῖς Mac.Aeg.<i>Hom</i>.15.35, cf. Clem.Al.<i>Strom</i>.6.16.149<br /><b class="num">•</b> del [[príncipe]] de los infiernos [[βασιλέα]] τὸν ἄγγελον τῆς ἀβύσσου <i>Apoc</i>.9.11.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[hombre poderoso]], [[amo]] πένητες καὶ βασιλεῖς Ps.Phoc.13, cf. Men.<i>Comp</i>.2.169, Luc.<i>Nigr</i>.20, <i>Gall</i>.20.<br /><b class="num">3</b> del que por su excelencia es [[superior]] en su especie οἰωνῶν β. del águila, A.<i>A</i>.114, cf. Pi.<i>O</i>.13.21, Luc.<i>Icar</i>.14, β. ἐστ' [[ὀρχίλος]] [[ὄρνις]] Ar.<i>Au</i>.568, de otras aves ὡς βασιλεῦσι ὑπείκουσι D.P.<i>Au</i>.2.5, λόγων β. = <i>rey de la elocuencia</i> Philostr.<i>VS</i> 598, cf. Luc.<i>Rh.Pr</i>.11, de Homero ὁ τῶν ποιητῶν β. Ath.40a, del filósofo estoico [[μόνος]] β., [[μόνος]] [[πλούσιος]] Luc.<i>Herm</i>.16, de ríos [[Φᾶσις]] ... β. Call.<i>Fr</i>.7.34, cf. en sup., D.P.353, en el [[proverb|prov.]] βασιλέως [[ἐγκέφαλος]] de un bocado exquisito Clearch.51a, del vino, Io <i>Eleg</i>.1.12, de una clase de higos muy preciados ἰσχάδες βασιλέως Poll.6.81<br /><b class="num">•</b> en el banquete y en juegos de niños [[el que manda]] o [[decide las reglas]], [[el rey]] συμποσίου δὲ β. Plu.2.622a, cf. Luc.<i>Sat</i>.4, Poll.9.106, Aristid.<i>Or</i>.26.17, tb. como n. de un juego de niños παίζειν βασιλέας = <i>jugar a reyes</i> D.Chr.4.47.<br /><b class="num">III</b> de diversas magistraturas<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[noble]] que desempeña funciones judiciales, [[juez]] βασιλῆας δωροφάγους οἳ τήνδε [[δίκην]] ἐθέλουσι δικάσσαι Hes.<i>Op</i>.38, cf. 202, Sol.<i>Lg</i>.5a.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[sátrapa]] βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου A.<i>Pers</i>.24, cf. S.E.<i>M</i>.2.22, Hsch.s.u. ζατράπης.<br /><b class="num">3</b> en Atenas [[el arconte rey]] αὐτοῖς ὁ β. τοὺς τε νόμους ἀνέγνω Antipho 6.38, cf. Lys.6.4, Pl.<i>Euthphr</i>.2a, <i>IG</i> 1³.78.54, 84.6, 104.6 (todas V a.C.), <i>ZPE</i> 11.1973.256.1 (IV a.C.), Paus.1.3.1, Hsch.<br /><b class="num">4</b> en [[Roma]] <i>[[rex sacrorum]]</i> de los antiguos sacerdotes c. funciones sacrificiales ἱερῶν ἀποδεικνύσθω [[τις]] ἀεὶ β. D.H.4.74, cf. 5.1, 3, 4, D.C.54.27.3.<br /><b class="num">5</b> gener. [[magistrado]] n. para distintas instituciones rel. c. funciones judiciales y sacrales <i>IO</i> 2.3 (VII/VI a.C.), <i>Schwyzer</i> 688.c8 (Quíos V a.C.), Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1322^b29, <i>IPrusias</i> 19.12 (imper.), <i>TLocri</i> 1.2, 13.10, <i>PYale</i> 42.30 (III a.C.).<br /><b class="num">IV</b> cien.<br /><b class="num">1</b> zool. n. de la serpiente [[basilisco]] Nic.<i>Th</i>.397.<br /><b class="num">2</b> orn. [[reyezuelo]] Arist.<i>HA</i> 592^b27, 615^a19.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[abeja reina]] Arist.<i>GA</i> 759^a20.<br /><b class="num">• Diccionario Micénico:</b> <i>qa-si-re-u</i>.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Etim. dud. La opinión más general es que se trata de una palabra de substrato prehelénico.