βασιλεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. βασιλέως, Ep. βασιλῆος, Cypr. βασιλῆϝος ''Inscr.Cypr.''104,135H.: acc. [[βασιλέα]], contr. βασιλῆ Orac. ap. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.220, E.''Fr.''781.24 (lyr.): nom. pl. βασιλεῖς, Aeol.<br><span class="bld">A</span> βασίληες Sapph.''Supp.''6.4, ''IG''12(2).6 (Mytil.), βασίλειες ib. 646a45, al., Ep. βασιλῆες, old Att. βασιλῆς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''188,960 (both lyr.), cf. Hdn. Gr.1.430: acc. pl. βασιλέας ''IG''12.115, later βασιλεῖς ib.2.243, etc.:—[[king]], [[chief]], Hom., etc.: freq. with collat. sense of [[captain]] or [[judge]], Hes. ''Op.''202; διοτρεφέες β. Il.2.445, etc.; θεῖοι Od.4.691, etc.; later, [[hereditary]] [[king]], opp. [[τύραννος]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1160b3, etc.; but also of [[tyrant]]s, as [[Hiero]], Pi.''O.''1.23; of [[Gelo]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.161; of [[Pisistratus]], Eup.123, cf. Sch. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''61: joined with a Subst., βασιλεὺς ἀνήρ Il.3.170, etc.; ἀνὴρ β. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.90; [[ἄναξ]] βασιλεύς = [[lord]] [[king]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''5, cf. B.17.1: c. gen., βασιλεὺς νεῶν A. ''Ag.''114 (anap.); [[οἰωνῶν βασιλεύς]], of the [[eagle]], ibid., Pi.''O.''13.21: Comp. [[βασιλεύτερος]] = [[more]] [[kingly]], Il.9.160,392, Od.15.533, Tyrt.12.7: Sup. [[βασιλεύτατος]] Il.9.69.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of the gods, Ζεὺς θεῶν β. Hes.''Th.''886, cf. Pi.''O.''7.34, Emp.128.2, etc. (in this sense Hom. uses [[ἄναξ]]); as cult title of [[Zeus]], ''IG''7.3073.90 (Lebad.), ''SIG''1014.110 (Erythrae), etc. (but [[Ζεὺς βασιλεύς]], = [[Ahuramazda]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.21, al., Arr.''An.''4.20.3); ὁ [[μέγας]] [[βασιλεύς]], of [[God]], [[LXX]] ''Ps.''47(48).2, Ph.2.107: Sup. βασιλεύτατοι τῶν θεῶν Max.Tyr.29.5.<br><span class="bld">2</span> as a title of rank, [[prince]], β. εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ ἐν… Ἰθάκῃ Od.1.394, cf. 8.390, etc.; of Cyrus, X.''Oec.'' 4.16.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[descendant]] of a [[royal]] [[house]], especially in [[Ionia]], Arist.''Ath.'' 41.3; <b class="b3">βασιλέων οἶκοι</b> '[[estate]]s of the [[royal]] [[house]]', [[name]] of a [[district]] in [[Chios]], [[Ἀθηνᾶ]] 20.168.<br><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[lord]], [[master]], Il.18.556, Pi.''O.''6.47.<br><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., πόλεμος πάντων β. Heraclit.53; νόμος ὁ πάντων β. Pi.''Fr.''169.<br><span class="bld">II</span> at [[Athens]], the second of the nine [[Archon]]s, IG12.76, al., Antipho 6.38, Lys.6.4, Arist.''Pol.''1285b17, ''Ath.'' 57, etc.; ἡ τοῦ β. στοά Pl.''Euthphr.''2a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> title of [[magistrate]]s in other Greek states, as [[βασιλᾶες]] at Elis, ''GDI''1152, cf. ''IG''12(2).6 (Mytil.), etc., Arist.''Pol.''1322b29.<br><span class="bld">3</span> at [[Rome]], [[βασιλεὺς τῶν ἱερῶν]] = [[rex sacrorum]], D.H.5.1, cf. D.C.54.27.<br><span class="bld">III</span> after the [[Persian]] [[war]] (without Art.), the [[king]] of [[Persia]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.174,al.; ἄναξ Ξέρξης β. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''5, cf. 144, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''61, Th.8.48, ''IG''22.141 (<b class="b3">βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου</b>, of the [[Satrap]]s, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''24, cf. 44, S.E.''M.''2.22); less freq. ὁ βασιλεύς [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.132,137, Arist.''Pol.''1304b13; β. ὁ μέγας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.188.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of [[Alexander]] and his [[successor]]s, usually with Art., ''IG''22.641,687, Men.293,340(pl.); Σέλευκος Antiph.187; [[Ἀντίγονος]] Alex.III; [[Πτολεμαῖος]] Id.244; Ὀσυμανδύας βασιλεὺς βασιλέων [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]] 1.47; title used by [[Parthian]] [[king]]s, Plu.''Pomp.''38, D.C.37.6, etc.; by [[Antony]], Plu.''Ant.''54; of [[God]], Apoc.17.14,19.16.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the [[Roman]] [[emperor]]s, AP10.25 (Antip. Thess.); βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίων ''BGU''588.10 (i A.D.), etc., cf. ''1 Ep.Ti.''2.2, J.''AJ''14.15.14; βασιλεὺς αὐτοκράτωρ ''IG''3.13 ([[Hadrian]]), Hdn.1.6.5; without Art., Paus.10.32.19.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of any [[great]] [[man]], πένησί τε καὶ βασιλεῦσιν Ps.-Phoc.113.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[first]] or [[most]] [[distinguished]] of any [[class]], Ἡρώδην τὸν β. τῶν λόγων Philostr. ''VS''2.10.1, cf. Luc.''Rh.Pr.''II; [[winner]] at a game, Poll.9.106, Sch.Pl. ''Tht.''146a; [[Stoic]] [[sage]], μόνος β. Luc.''Herm.''16; βασιλέως [[ἐγκέφαλος]] = '[[morsel]] [[fit]] for a [[king]]', Clearch.5; [[βασίλεια σῦκα]], name of a [[choice]] kind of [[fig]]s, Philem.Lex. ap. Ath.3.76f., cf. Poll.6.81.<br><span class="bld">V</span> = [[συμποσίαρχος]], Plu.2.622a, Luc.''Sat.''4.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[wren]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''592b27.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[queen-bee]], ib.623b9, ''GA''759a20, etc. (The form [[βασιλέα]] is scanned in Pi.''N.''1.39; codd. [[βασίλεια]].)