contendo: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>con-tendo</b>: di, tum, 3, v. a. and n.,<br /><b>I</b> to [[stretch]], [[stretch]] [[out]] [[vigorously]], to [[draw]] [[tight]], [[strain]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[rare]] and [[mostly]] [[poet]].): arcum, Verg. A. 12, 815; Ov. M. 6, 286; id. R. Am. 435: tormenta, Sisen. ap. Non. p. 258, 27; Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57: [[muscipula]], Lucil. ap. Non. p. 181, 31: [[tenacia]] vincla, Verg. G. 4, 412: [[ilia]] risu, Ov. A. A. 3, 285: pontem in [[alto]], Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 21 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.): oculi contendunt se, Lucr. 4, 810.— Of stringed instruments, to [[tune]] by stretching the strings: ut in fidibus pluribus, si nulla earum ita contenta nervis [[sit]], ut concentum servare possit, Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. [[infra]], P. a.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> [[Meton]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Causa pro effectu.) Of weapons, to [[shoot]], [[hurl]], [[dart]], [[throw]]: infensam hastam, Verg. A. 10, 521: [[tela]], id. ib. 12, 815: sagittas nervo, Sil. 1, 323: [[telum]] aërias in auras, Verg. A. 5, 520. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of places, neutr., to [[stretch]], [[reach]], [[extend]]: haec patulum [[vallis]] contendit in orbem, Calp. Ecl. 7, 30: Cappadocum [[gens]] [[usque]] ad Cyrresticam ejus regionem parte suā, quae vocatur [[Cataonia]], contendit, Plin. 6, 8, 8, § 24.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]); [[act]]., to [[strain]] [[eagerly]], to [[stretch]], [[exert]], to [[direct]] one's [[mental]] powers to [[something]], to [[pursue]] or [[strive]] for [[earnestly]]; or neutr., to [[exert]] one's [[self]], to [[strive]] [[zealously]] for [[something]], etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Act.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc.: magnum [[fortasse]] [[onus]], [[verum]] [[tamen]] dignum, in quo [[omnis]] nervos aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35; cf.: contendit [[omnis]] nervos [[Chrysippus]], ut persuadeat, etc., id. Fat. 10, 21: [[summas]] [[vires]] de palmā, Lucr. 4, 990: animum in curas, Ov. P. 1, 5, 11: quo se dira [[libido]], Lucr. 4, 1043: [[tamen]] id sibi contendendum aut [[aliter]] non transducendum exercitum existimabat, Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf.: id contendere et laborare, ne ea, etc., id. ib. 1, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 52: et petere [[imperium]] populi et contendere honores, Varr. ap. Non. p. 259, 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inf., to [[exert]] one's [[self]] [[vigorously]] to do [[something]], to [[apply]] one's [[self]] [[with]] [[zeal]] to, to go to: hunc locum duabus ex partibus oppugnare contendit, Caes. B. G. 5, 21: summā vi transcendere in hostium naves, id. ib. 3, 15: fugā salutem petere, id. ib. al.; Quint. 10, 1, 125: [[neque]] ego [[nunc]] hoc [[contendo]] ... mutare animum, sed, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 38.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Neutr.: [[quantum]] coniti [[animo]] potes, [[quantum]] labore contendere ... [[tantum]] fac ut efficias, Cic. Off. 3, 2, 6.— With ut: quántum potero voce contendam, ut [[populus]] hoc Romanus exaudiat, Cic. Lig. 3, 6; so, remis, ut eam partem insulae caperet, Caes. B. G. 5, 8 et saep.: contende [[quaeso]] [[atque]] elabora, ut, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42.—Absol.: vociferarer et, [[quantum]] [[maxime]] possem, contenderem, Cic. Fl. 16, 38 al.: non possis [[oculo]] [[quantum]] contendere [[Lynceus]] (= collineare), to [[aim]] at, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 28.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[direct]] or [[bend]] one's [[course]] [[eagerly]] [[somewhere]]; or, neutr., to [[strive]] to [[get]] to a [[place]], to [[seek]] to [[arrive]] at, to go, [[march]], or [[journey]] [[hastily]] to, etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Act.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc. ([[very]] [[rare]]): rectā plateā cursum suum, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 58: nocte unā [[tantum]] itineris, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inf. (freq.): [[Bibracte]] [[ire]], Caes. B. G. 1, 23; so, [[ire]] cum his legionibus, id. ib. 1, 10: in Britanniam proficisci, id. ib. 4, 20: in provinciam reverti, id. ib. 3, 6 fin.: Dyrrhachium petere, Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf.: proxima litora petere cursu, Verg. A. 1, 158; and: [[iter]] a Vibone [[Brundisium]] terrā petere, Cic. Planc. 40, 96 Wund.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Neutr. (so [[most]] freq.): in Italiam magnis itineribus, Caes. B. G. 1, 10; cf.: huc magnis itineribus, id. ib. 1, 38 fin.: huc magno cursu, id. ib. 3, 19: [[inde]] in Italiam, id. ib. 1, 33: in fines Sigambrorum, id. ib. 4, 18: in [[castra]], id. ib. 4, 37: ex eo [[loco]] ad [[flumen]], id. ib. 2, 9: ad Rhenum finesque Germanorum, id. ib. 1, 27 fin.: ad [[oppidum]] [[Noviodunum]], id. ib. 2, 12: ad [[castra]], id. ib. 2, 19 fin.; 3, 24 fin.: ad hostes, id. ib. 5, 9: ad Amanum, Cic. Att. 5, 20, 3: [[Tarentum]] ad Heraclidem Ponticum, Varr. ap. Non. p. 260, 19: Lacedaemonem, Nep. Cim. 3, 3: domum, Caes. B. G. 2, 24 fin. et saep.: ad [[ultimum]] [[animo]], Cic. Mur. 31, 65; cf.: magna spectare [[atque]] ad ea rectis studiis contendere, id. Off. 2, 13, 44: ad summam laudem gloriamque maximis laboribus et periculis, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32: ad salutem, Caes. B. G. 3, 3 fin.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Neutr.) To [[measure]] or [[try]] one's [[strength]] [[with]], [[with]] weapons, by words, in [[action]], etc.; to [[strive]], [[dispute]], [[fight]], [[contend]] [[against]], vie [[with]]; constr. [[with]] cum [[aliquo]], [[contra]] or [[adversus]] aliquem, the dat., [[inter]] se, or absol.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cum [[aliquo]]: [[neque]] [[post]] id [[tempus]] [[umquam]] summis [[nobiscum]] copiis hostes contenderunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 17 fin.; 1, 36: cum Sequanis [[bello]], id. ib. 7, 67 fin.: cum eo armis, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 2: cum magnis legionibus parvā manu, Sall. C. 53, 3: cum barbaro, Nep. Con. 4, 3: cum victore, Hor. S. 1, 9, 42: [[mecum]] ingenio et [[arte]], Prop. 2 (3), 24, 23 al.: cum eo de principatu, Nep. Arist. 1, 1; cf. id. Ages. 1, 4 al.: divitiis et sumptibus, non probitate [[neque]] industriā cum majoribus suis, Sall. J. 4, 7: [[humilitas]] cum dignitate et amplitudine, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136.—So [[with]] acc. of neutr. pron.: tamenne vereris, ut possis haec [[contra]] Hortensium contendere? Cic. Quint. 25, 78.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Contra aliquem: [[contra]] populum Romanum armis, Caes. B. G. 2, 13: tauri pro vitulis [[contra]] leones summā vi impetuque contendunt, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 66: [[contra]] vim gravitatemque morbi, id. Phil. 9, 7, 15: [[nihil]] [[contra]] naturam universam, id. Off. 1, 31, 110; Cat. 64, 101.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adversus aliquem: non contendam ego [[adversus]] te, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With dat. ([[poet]].): [[hirundo]] cycnis, Lucr. 3, 6: Homero, Prop. 1, 7, 3; 1, 14, 7: Pindaricis plectris, Stat. S. 1, 3, 101.—（ε) Inter se: hi cum [[tantopere]] de potentatu [[inter]] se multos annos contenderent, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 4; 1, 5, 3: viribus [[inter]] se, Lucr. 3, 784.—Impers.: [[interim]] [[proelio]] equestri [[inter]] duas [[acies]] contendebatur, the [[contest]] [[was]] carried on, Caes. B. G. 2, 9.—（ζ) Absol.: [[proelio]], Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 1, 50 fin.; 3, 28 al.: [[magis]] virtute [[quam]] [[dolo]], id. ib. 1, 13; Nep. Epam. 2, 5: [[translatio]] non habet quaestionem, de quā contendit [[orator]], sed [[propter]] [[quam]] contendit, Quint. 3, 6, 72; cf. id. 6, 1, 50; 7, 9, 3 al.—Impers.: summo jure contenditur, Cic. Caecin. 23, 65: de his lite contenditur, Quint. 3, 4, 8: de personis judicatur, sed de rebus contenditur, id. 10, 5, 13.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In auctions, to vie [[with]] in [[bidding]], to [[bid]] [[against]]: is liceri non destitit; [[illi]] [[quoad]] videbatur ferri [[aliquo]] [[modo]] posse, contenderunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42, § 99.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Act.) To [[place]] [[together]] in [[comparison]], to [[compare]], [[contrast]]; constr. [[with]] cum, ad, the dat., or acc. [[only]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With cum: tuam iram [[contra]] cum ira Liberi, Naev. ap. Non. p. 259, 7; Caecil. ib. p. 259, 1: id cum defensione nostrā, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93: rationem meam cum tuā ratione, id. N. D. 3, 4, 10; Tac. A. 4, 32 al.: suam vitam [[mecum]], [[Licinius]], [[Macer]]. ap. Non. p. 259, 3.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ad: ut vim contendas tuam ad majestatem viri, Att. ap. Non. p. 259, 5 (Trag. Rel. v. 648 Rib.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With dat.: Thestiadas Ledae, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 258, 30: vellera potantia Aquinatem fucum Sidonio ostro, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 26; Aus. Grat. Act. 14 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc. [[only]]: anulum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 258, 29: ipsas causas, quae [[inter]] se confligunt, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25: leges, id. Inv. 2, 49, 145: suam quaeque nobilitatem, formam, [[opes]], Tac. A. 12, 1: vetera et [[praesentia]], id. ib. 13, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Act.) To [[demand]], [[ask]], [[solicit]], [[entreat]], [[beg]] [[earnestly]], to [[seek]] to [[gain]]: cum a me peteret et [[summe]] contenderet, ut suum propinquum defenderem, Cic. Quint. 24, 77: verecundius a te, si quae magna res mihi petenda esset, contenderem, id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; so, ab [[aliquo]], id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; id. de Or. 1, 36, 166; id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4; id. Fam. 13, 7, 3; cf.: a magistris de proferendo [[die]], id. ib. 12, 30, 5; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 15: ne [[quid]] [[contra]] aequitatem, id. Off. 2, 20, 71: omni opere, ut, etc., Suet. Dom. 2: magno opere, ne, etc., id. Aug. 27; id. Vit. 3: [[pertinaciter]], id. Caes. 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Act.) To [[assert]], [[affirm]] [[earnestly]], to [[maintain]] or [[contend]] [[energetically]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc. and inf.: sic ego hoc [[contendo]], me [[tibi]] ipsi adversario cujuscumque [[tribus]] rationem poposceris redditurum, Cic. Planc. 19, 48; id. Sest. 50, 107; id. Arch. 7, 15: [[apud]] eos contendit falsa esse delata, Nep. Them. 7, 2; id. Epam. 8, 1: illud pro me majoribusque meis contendere [[ausim]], [[nihil]] nos ... scientes fuisse, Liv. 6, 40, 5; Quint. prooem. § 11; 1, 2, 25; Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 6; Lucr. 5, 1343; Cat. 44, 4; Ov. M. 2, 855; Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol. ([[very]] [[rare]]): si manantia corpuscula [[iter]] claudunt, ut [[Asclepiades]] contendit, Cels. 1, praef. § 28.—Hence, [[contentus]], a, um, P. a.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit., stretched, strained, tense, [[tight]]: qui jam contento, jam [[laxo]] fune laborat, Hor. S. 2, 7, 20: [[acies]] oculorum, Lucr. 1, 325; cf.: contentis oculis prosequi aliquem, Suet. Tib. 7: contentis corporibus facilius feruntur onera (opp. [[remissa]]), Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.: contentā cervice trahunt [[plaustra]] (boves), Verg. G. 3, 536: Placideiani contento poplite [[miror]] Proelia, [[with]] the [[knee]] [[stiffly]] [[bent]], Hor. S. 2, 7, 97.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop., [[eager]], [[intent]]: contenta [[mens]] fuit in eā ratione, Lucr. 4, 965; cf. Ov. M. 15, 515: et contentā voce [[atrociter]] dicere et summissā [[leniter]], Cic. Or. 17, 56: ad tribunatum contento [[studio]] cursuque veniamus, id. Sest. 6, 13.—Sup.: contentissimā voce clamitans, App. M. 4, p. 147.—Adv.: con-tentē, [[earnestly]], [[with]] [[great]] [[exertion]], [[vehemently]]: pro se dicere ... mittere contentius, Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57; cf.: [[acriter]] [[atque]] [[contente]] pro suis decretis propugnare, Gell. 18, 1, 2: contentissime clamitare, App. Flor. n. 8: contentius ambulare, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97: ornamentis iisdem uti [[fere]] licebit, [[alias]] contentius, [[alias]] summissius, id. de Or. 3, 55, 212: aliquid [[curiose]] [[atque]] [[contente]] lectitare, Gell. 3, 3, 1.