κτάομαι: Difference between revisions

|elnltext=κτάομαι imperf. ἐκτώμην, Ion. imperf. 3 sing. ἐκτέατο; aor. ἐκτησάμην, Dor. aor. 2 sing. ἐκτάσω, aor. pass. ἐκτήθην; perf. κέκτημαι en ἔκτημαι, Ion. perf. 3 plur. ἐκτέαται, conj. κέκτωμαι, opt. κεκτῄμην en κεκτῴμην, plqperf. (ἐ)κεκτήμην en ἐκτήμην, poët. plqperf. κεκτήμην, 3 plur. ἔκτηντο; fut. perf. κεκτήσομαι en ἐκτήσομαι, fut. perf. 2 sing. ἐκτήσεαι, fut. κτήσομαι (later ook pass. ). fut. pass. κτηθήσομαι praes. en imperf. (trachten te) verwerven; aor. in bezit krijgen, verwerven; met zaak als obj.:; τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς die de oude Peleus heeft verworven Il. 9.400; met pers. als obj.:; ἐξεπίτηδες κτώμεθα ἑταίρους καὶ ὑεῖς welbewust proberen wij (mensen) vrienden en zonen te krijgen Plat. Grg. 461c; met abstr. als obj.:; ἀπ’ ἔργων ἀνοσιωτάτων τὸν βίον κτησάμενε jij die aan de kost komt door volstrekt abject handelen Hdt. 8.106.3; met ἀπό + gen. of ἐκ + gen. van iem.:; κτήσασθαι χάριν ἀπό τινος zich de gunst van iem. verwerven Soph. Tr. 471; παῖδας ἐξ ἐμῆς... κτησάμενος na kinderen van mij gekregen te hebben Eur. IT 696; met dubbele acc.:; Χαλδαίους... πολεμίους ἐκτησάμεθα wij hebben de Chaldaeërs tot onze vijand gemaakt Xen. An. 5.5.17; ongunstig zich op de hals halen:. ἐκτήσατ’ αὑτῷ θάνατον hij haalde zich de dood op de hals Soph. Ai. 968.; ξυμφοράς ongeluk Eur. Or. 543. perf., plqperf. en fut. perf. κεκτήσομαι bezitten:; χρήματα, ἃ καὶ κτώμενους εὐφραίνει καὶ κεκτημένους ἥδιον ποιεῖ ζῆν geld, dat plezier geeft als je het aan heet verwerven bent en dat de bezitters het leven veraangenaamt Xen. Mem. 1.6.3; met abstr. als obj.:; ἔχειν τε καὶ κεκτῆσθαι τὸ ψεῦδος de leugen (in de geest) hebben en bezitten Plat. Resp. 382b; φθόνον κεκτῆσθαι afgunst koesteren Plat. Lg. 870c; ptc. perf. subst. m.: ὁ κεκτημένος de bezitter, soms de echtgenoot; f. ἡ κεκτημένη de bezitster; n. τὸ κεκτημένον de bezittende klasse;. τὸ κεκτημένον μετρίαν οὐσίαν de middenklasse Aristot. Pol. 1292b25. aor. pass. en fut. pass. met pass. bet.: verkregen worden, verworven zijn:. ἃ τῇ ἀπορίᾳ ἐκτήθη wat in een tijd van gebrek verworven is Thuc. 1.123.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[acquire]], [[win]], perf. [[possess]].<br />Other forms: Ion. ipf. [[ἐκτέετο]] (as [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Hdt. 8, 112), aor. [[κτήσασθαι]] (Il.), pass. [[κτηθῆναι]] (Th., E.), fut. [[κτήσομαι]] (posthom.), perf. [[ἔκτημαι]], [[κέκτημαι]] (Hes., Att.),<br />Compounds: Often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. [[κτεάτεσσι]] (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. [[κτέαρ]] (hell.) [[(acquired) goods]], [[possessions]], [[property]] with [[κτεατίζω]] [[acquire]] (Il.), [[κτεατισμός]] (Man.; cod. <b class="b3">κτεαν-</b>). - 2. [[κτέανα]] n. pl., sec. a. rare <b class="b3">-ον</b> sg. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes., also Hp.), <b class="b3">φιλοκτεανώτατε</b> voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), <b class="b3">πολυ-κτέανος</b> (Pi.). On [[κτεάτεσσι]] and [[κτέανα]] s. below. - 3. [[κτήματα]] n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), [[goods]], [[landed property]], also [[domestic animals]] (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with <b class="b3">κτημάτ-ιον</b> (Alkiphr., pap.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (pap. VIp), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[rich]] (hell.), <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 28); as 2. member a. o. in [[πολυκτήμων]] = [[rich in possessions]] (Il.) with [[πολυκτημοσύνη]] (Poll.). - 4. [[κτήνεα]], <b class="b3">-νη</b> n. pl., rarely <b class="b3">-νος</b> sg. [[domestic animals]] (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from [[κτάομαι]] with <b class="b3">νος-</b>suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it [[κτηνηδόν]] [[after the kind of animals]] (Hdt.), [[κτηνύδριον]] (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. [[κτηνοτρόφος]] = [[cattle-keeper]] (hell.). - 5. [[κτῆσις]] = [[acquisition]], [[possession]] (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 82 ff.) with [[κτήσιος]] = [[regarding the possessions]], [[Ζεὑς Κτήσιος]] as [[protector]] of [[possession]]s (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. <b class="b3">κτησ(ε</b>) [[ίδιον]] (Arr.). - 6. [[κτεάτειρα]] f. <b class="b2">who possesses (fem.)</b> (A. Ag. 356 ), archaising after [[κτεάτεσσι]] a. o. for <b class="b3">-κτήτειρα</b>, <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (in [[προκτήτρια]] = [[former possessor]], pap.) to [[κτήτωρ]] m. [[possessor]] (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with [[κτητορικός]] (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. [[Φιλοκτήτης]] PN (Il.), compound from [[φίλος]] and [[κτάομαι]] with <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix; Att. [[Φιλοσκήτης]] (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: [[κτητός]] [[to acquire]], [[acquired]] (I 408; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1,14); usually [[ἐπίκτητος]] also [[acquired]], [[newly acquired]] (IA.); [[κτητικός]] [[of what was acquired]] (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is <b class="b3">ἀκτῆνες πένητες</b>, [[ἠργηκότες]] (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from <b class="b3">*ἀ-κτη-ῆνες</b>. Except the rare and relatively late attested present [[κτάομαι]] all forms have <b class="b3">κτη-(ἔγκτασις</b> hyperdoric after [[ἔμπασις]]; s. [[πάσασθαι]]). Also [[κτεάτεσσι]], [[κτέαρ]] go back to a heteroklitic <b class="b3">*κτῆ-Ϝαρ</b>, <b class="b3">-Ϝατος</b>; besides [[κτέανα]] as rest of the old oblique [[n-]]stem <b class="b3">*κτη-Ϝαν-α</b>, which gave sg. [[κτέανον]], s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] *??[[eh₁]]/[[₂-]] [[rule]]? gain, acquire?<br />Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. kṣáyati = Av. xšayeiti, -te [[rule]], [[order]], [[have power]] is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as [[κτάομαι]] makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. kṣáy-ati; this form does not continue <b class="b2">*ksǝi̯eti</b>; the solution is <b class="b2">*ksH-ei-</b>, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. kṣa-trám - Av. xša-θrǝm [[rule]]. The equation of [[κτάομαι]] [[acquire]] and Skt. kṣáyati is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.