lex: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>lex</b>: lēgis, f. perh. Sanscr. [[root]] [[lag]]-, lig-, to [[fasten]]; Lat. [[ligo]], to [[bind]], [[oblige]]; cf. [[religio]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[proposition]] or [[motion]] for a [[law]] made to the [[people]] by a [[magistrate]], a [[bill]] (cf. [[institutum]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: legem ferre: antiquare, Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73: rogare, id. Phil. 2, 29, 72: leges ac jura ferre, Juv. 2, 72: legem promulgavit pertulitque, ut, etc., Liv. 33, 46: [[Antonius]] fixit legem a dictatore comitiis latam, [[qua]], etc., Cic. Att. 14, 12: legem sciscere de [[aliqua]] re, id. Planc. 14, 35: [[populus]] R. jussit legem de civitate tribuenda, id. Balb. 17, 38: repudiare, id. Lael. 25, 96.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> A [[bill]] [[which]] has [[become]] a [[law]] in [[consequence]] of its [[adoption]] by the [[people]] in the [[comitia]], a [[law]] (cf.: jus, fas; [[decretum]], [[edictum]], [[scitum]]): legem constituere alicui, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40: legem gravem alicui imponere, id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: legem neglegere, evertere, perfringere, id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: neglegere, perrumpere, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42: leges ac jura labefactare, id. Caecin. 25, 70: legem condere, Liv. 3, 34: leges [[duodecim]] tabularum, the laws [[composed]] by the decemvirs, the [[foundation]] of Roman [[legislation]], Liv. 3, 33 sq.: [[nunc]] barbaricā lege certumst jus [[meum]] omne persequi, i. e. by the Roman [[law]], [[that]] of the Twelve Tables, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp. in phrases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lege and legibus, according to [[law]], by [[law]], [[legally]]: ejus morte ea ad me lege redierunt bona, Ter. And. 4, 5, 4: Athenas [[deductus]] est, ut ibi de eo legibus fieret judicium, Nep. Phoc. 3, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Legis [[actio]], a [[statutory]] [[process]]: actiones quas in usu veteres habuerunt legis actiones appellabantur, vel [[ideo]] [[quod]] legibus proditae sunt, ... vel [[ideo]] [[quia]] ipsarum legum verbis accommodatae erant, et [[ideo]] inmutabiles [[proinde]] [[atque]] leges observabantur, Gai. Inst. 4, 11; cf. § 12 sqq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hence, in partic.: lege agere, to [[proceed]] [[strictly]] according to [[law]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Of the [[lictor]], to [[execute]] a [[sentence]]: [[Fulvius]] praeconi imperavit, ut lictorem lege agere juberet, Liv. 26, 15, 9. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> To [[bring]] a [[legal]] or [[statutory]] [[action]]: una injuria est [[tecum]]. Chr. Lege [[agito]] [[ergo]], Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 90: lege [[agito]] dicebatur ei cujus [[intentio]] [[contemptibilis]] adversario videbatur, [[Don]]. ad Ter. l. l.: lege [[agito]] [[mecum]]; [[molestus]] ne sis, Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 11: lege egit in hereditatem paternam [[exheres]] [[filius]], Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175; 1, 36, 167; id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fraudem legi facere, to [[evade]] the [[law]]: ut ne legi fraudem faciant aleariae, adcuratote ut, etc., the [[law]] [[against]] [[dicing]], Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9: [[quod]] emancupando filium fraudem legi fecisset, Liv. 7, 16, 9; cf. Val. Max. 8, 6, 3; cf. also: [[facio]] fraudem [[senatus]] [[consulto]], Cic. Att. 4, 12, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In gen., a [[law]], [[precept]], [[regulation]], [[principle]], [[rule]], [[mode]], [[manner]]: qui disciplinam suam legem vitae putet, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: [[communis]] [[condicio]] lexque vitae, id. ib. 4, 29, 62; id. Balb. 7, 18: haec lex in [[amicitia]] sauciatur, id. Lael. 12, 40: [[quaero]] [[cur]] vir [[bonus]] has sibi tam [[gravis]] leges imposuerit, id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: lex veri rectique, id. ib. 2, 9, 27: [[aliquam]] legem vitae accipere, Sen. Ep. 108, 6: ad legem naturae revertamur, id. ib. 25, 4: leges in [[historia]] observandae, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 5: [[quis]] nescit primam esse historiae legem, ne [[quid]] falsi dicere audeat? id. de Or. 2, 15, 62; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3: [[vetus]] est lex amicitiae, ut [[idem]] amici [[semper]] velint, id. Planc. 2, 5: hanc ad legem formanda est [[oratio]], id. de Or. 3, 49, 190: versibus est certa quaedam et definita lex, id. Or. 58: legibus suis (i. e. philosophiae) parere, id. Tusc. 5, 7, 19: leges Epicuri, id. ib. 5, 37, 108; 4, 4, 7; Sen. Ep. 94, 15; Suet. Ner. 24: [[vetus]] lex sermonis, Quint. 1, 5, 29: [[contra]] leges loquendi, id. 1, 8, 13: lex et [[ratio]] loquendi, Juv. 6, 453: [[secundum]] grammaticam legem, Gell. 13, 21, 22: legem esse aiunt disciplinae dialecticae, etc., id. 16, 2, 1: citharae leges, Tac. A. 16, 4: beneficii, Sen. Ben. 2, 10, 4: sic [[ingens]] rerum [[numerus]] jubet [[atque]] operum lex, Juv. 7, 102: scimus hujus opusculi illam esse legem, etc., Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 5: qui [[titulus]] sola metri lege constringitur, id. ib. 4, 14, 8.—Of things: quā sidera lege mearent, by [[what]] [[law]], [[what]] [[rule]], Ov. M. 15, 71.—Hence, [[sine]] lege, [[without]] [[order]], in [[confusion]], [[confusedly]]: exspatiantur equi ... [[quaque]] [[impetus]] egit, Hac [[sine]] lege ruunt, Ov. M. 2, 204: jacent collo sparsi [[sine]] lege capilli, id. H. 15, 73: haec in lege loci commoda Circus habet, [[quality]], [[nature]], id. Am. 3, 2, 20; cf.: sub lege loci sumit mutatque figuras, id. Hal. 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> A [[contract]], [[agreement]], [[covenant]]: oleam faciundam hac lege [[oportet]] locare, etc., [[Cato]], R. R. 145: in mancipii lege, a [[contract]] of [[sale]], Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178; cf.: Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere, id. ib. 1, 58, 246: collegii Aesculapii, Inscr. ap. Fabrett. p. 724, n. 443.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> A [[condition]], [[stipulation]] (cf. [[condicio]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen. ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].): ego dabo ei [[talentum]], [[primus]] qui in crucem excucurrerit, Set ca lege, ut offigantur bis [[pedes]], Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 13: [[quia]] nequit, [[qua]] lege licuit velle dixit fieri, id. Stich. 3, 1, 58: estne empta mi haec? Pe. His legibus habeas [[licet]], id. Ep. 3, 4, 39: hac lege [[tibi]] adstringo meam fidem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22: legibus dictis, Liv. 9, 5, 3: dicta [[tibi]] est lex, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18: sed vos saevas imponite leges, Juv. 7, 229.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hence of conditions or terms of [[peace]]: pax [[data]] Philippo in has leges est, Liv. 33, 30: quibus [[ante]] [[dictum]] est legibus, pacem fecerunt, id. 30, 43: pacemque his legibus constituerunt, Nep. Tim. 2: se sub leges pacis iniquae Tradere, Verg. A. 4, 618: leges et foedera jungere, id. ib. 12, 822: in leges [[ire]], Stat. S. 1, 1, 27.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> In eccl. Lat. esp., the [[law]] of [[Moses]]: nolite putare [[quoniam]] veni solvere legem, Vulg. Matt. 5, 17; 11, 13; [[often]] called lex Moysi, id. Luc. 2, 22; id. Act. 15, 5; [[but]] [[more]] freq. lex Domini, id. Luc. 2, 23; id. Psa. 4, 2: lex Dei, id. 2 Esdr. 10, 28 sq.; also cf.: lex Altissimi, id. Eccl. 19, 21: lex tua, id. Psa. 39, 8; 118, 18: lex mea, id. Prov. 3, 1.—Also of a [[precept]] of the Mosaic [[law]]: ista est lex animantium, Vulg. Lev. 11, 46: istae sunt leges quas constituit Dominus, id. Num. 30, 17.