certus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>certus</b>: a, um orig. P. a. from [[cerno]]; [[hence]], adj.,<br /><b>I</b> [[determined]], resolved, [[fixed]], [[settled]], purposed: non [[dubius]].<br /><b>I</b> (Acc. to [[cerno]], II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is [[determined]], it is my ([[thy]], his, etc.) [[decision]], [[resolution]], [[will]], I am resolved, I [[mean]], etc. ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].; [[most]] freq. in Plaut.); [[with]] inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109: [[tibi]] credere, id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere [[arbitror]], omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31: certum [[atque]] [[decretum]] est non [[dare]] [[signum]], Liv. 2, 45, 13: certum est igni circumdare muros, Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi [[with]] inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., [[with]] [[expression]] of [[purpose]] by a fut. tense: certum est, malam rem [[potius]] quaeram cum lucro, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15: certum est, jam dicam patri, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15: certum est, ibo ad medicum, id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est [[tibi]]? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st [[tibi]] [[istuc]]? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74; so [[further]] [[with]] [[istuc]], id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30: mihi [[autem]] abjurare certius est [[quam]] dependere, Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3: ad eum senem oppugnare certum est [[consilium]], Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60: quae [[nunc]] sunt certa ei consilia, etc., Ter. And. 2, 3, 16: certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> (From the [[time]] of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the [[person]] [[who]] is [[determined]] [[upon]] [[something]], [[determined]], resolved, [[bent]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inf.: certa mori, Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475: decrevitque mori): certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43: certa sequi, Val. Fl. 5, 47.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1; A. and S. § 213, R. 1): [[certus]] eundi, Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440: desciscendi, Tac. H. 4, 14: relinquendae vitae, id. A. 4, 34: necis, Sil. 6, 27: fugae, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12: destinationis, Tac. A. 12, 32: sceleris, id. ib. 12, 66: consilii, id. H. 2, 46.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With an: nec sat certa an cederet armis, Sil. 9, 480.—<br /><b>II</b> An epithet of all those objects whose [[existence]] or [[reality]] is [[fixed]], [[determined]] ([[hence]] in [[connection]] [[with]] [[definitus]], Quint. 7, 10, 7; [[with]] praefinitus, Suet. Galb. 14), or in [[respect]] to [[which]] [[there]] can be no [[doubt]] ([[hence]] opp. [[dubius]], Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Object.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of things whose [[external]] qualities, [[number]], etc., are [[invariable]], established, [[settled]], [[fixed]], [[particular]], specified, etc. ([[class]].): Arboribus [[primum]] certis [[gravis]] [[umbra]] tributa, Lucr. 6, 783: [[fruges]], bacae, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat, id. Cat. 3, 7, 16: [[concilium]] in diem certam indicere, Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.; so [[with]] [[dies]], a [[fixed]] [[term]], [[Cato]], R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.: certis diebus, Verg. G. 2, 329: quaerere ab judicibus [[cur]] in certa verba jurent, [[cur]] [[certo]] tempore conveniant, [[certo]] discedant, Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41: certum praefinitumque [[tempus]], id. Galb. 14; and: certum statumque [[vectigal]], id. Calig. 40: [[pecunia]] (opp. arbitraria), v. [[arbitrarius]]: [[finis]] aerumnarum, Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56: [[locus]], Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6: [[numerus]], id. ib. 7, 75: [[signum]], [[fixed]], agreed [[upon]], id. B. C. 1, 27: naves, [[fixed]] in [[number]] and [[quality]], id. ib. 1, 56: pecuniae imperabantur, id. ib. 3, 32 fin.: [[conviva]], i. e. a [[daily]], [[constant]] [[guest]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid: ecquem tu [[illo]] certiorem nebulonem, Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> But [[sometimes]] indef., [[like]] [[quidam]], and [[our]] [[certain]], of things, the [[certainty]] of whose [[existence]] is given, [[but]] whose [[nature]] is not [[more]] [[definitely]] designated, or [[comes]] not [[into]] [[consideration]] (cf. [[aliquis]]): Cephaloedi [[mensis]] est [[certus]], quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128: habet certos sui studiosos, id. Brut. 16, 64: (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit, id. Sest. 27, 58: certi homines ad eam rem periti, id. ib. 18, 41: res a certis hominibus corrupta, id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. [[several]] times in [[connection]] [[with]] [[quidam]] and [[aliquis]]: ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati, Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8; 11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos [[pedes]], id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.: in his certos aliquos docebit, id. 2, 8, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop., of things whose [[internal]] [[moral]] qualities are established, [[fixed]], can be relied [[upon]], [[sure]], [[unerring]], to be depended [[upon]], true, [[faithful]], etc. (so [[most]] freq. in all periods and [[species]] of [[composition]]; syn.: [[firmus]], [[confirmatus]], [[exploratus]], [[indubitatus]], [[manifestus]] al.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Of persons: [[amicus]] [[certus]] in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.: tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57: certi homines, quibus dem litteras, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156: [[certus]] [[enim]] promisit [[Apollo]], etc., Hor. C. 1, 7, 28: [[auctor]] (mortis), Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5: [[adversus]] hostem nec spe nec [[animo]] certiorem, i. e. firmiorem, Liv. 10, 35, 17: [[apud]] latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. [[Dion]], 9, 2: per litora certos dimittam, Verg. A. 1, 576: certissimus [[auctor]] ([[Phoebus]]), id. G. 1, 432.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Of things: [[satis]] [[animo]] [[certo]] et confirmato, Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf. pectora, Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior [[indoles]], Suet. Ner. 10: promissa, Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1: parata dicendi [[copia]] et certa, Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. § 9: jus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.: jactus (telorum), Tac. A. 14, 37; cf. in this [[sense]] certa [[hasta]], Verg. A. 11, 767: [[sagitta]], Hor. C. 1, 12, 23: [[fides]] segetis, id. ib. 3, 16, 30: [[spes]], id. C. S. 74: [[trames]], id. S. 2, 3, 49: lar, id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.: [[plana]] et certa, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1: certa et clara, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., [[with]] gen.: certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Subject., of [[that]] [[which]] is established by [[evidence]], etc., placed [[beyond]] [[doubt]], [[certain]], [[sure]], true, proved, established ([[class]].; esp. freq. in neutr.): cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent, Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29: incerta pro certis malebant, Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.: incerta pro certis mutare, id. J. 83, 1: [[postremo]] certior res, Liv. 29, 6, 12: certiora esse dicunt [[quam]], etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum: hisce oculis [[egomet]] vidi, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31: jam [[satis]] certumst virginem vitiatam esse? id. Enn. 4, 4, 36: cum certius [[tibi]] [[sit]] me esse Romae [[quam]] mihi te Athenis, Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1: id [[parum]] certum est, Liv. 5, 35, 3: cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium, Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, [[with]] interrog.-[[clause]], Liv. 2, 8, 8: nec [[quicquam]] certi respondes mihi? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84: [[neque]] tanto spatio certi [[quid]] esset explorari poterat, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: certum inveniri non potest ne ... an, id. B. C. 1, 25: si [[quicquam]] humanorum certi est, Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror: Certum non scimus, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to [[know]] for a [[certainty]], Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.: certum habere, to [[reckon]] [[certain]], id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.: certum [[respondeo]], Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92: cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro [[certo]] habere, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; [[Matius]] ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23: negare, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5: polliceri, id. Agr. 2, 37, 102: dicere aliquid, id. Brut. 3, 10: ponere, Liv. 23, 6, 8: scire, id. 25, 10, 1: affirmare, id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.: creditur, Sall. C. 15, 2: coeperit esse, Quint. 5, 12, 2: certius cognoscere ex [[aliquo]] de aliquā re, Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.: [[quin]] [[nihil]] invenies [[magis]] hoc [[certo]] certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.: et hoc [[certo]] certius est et saepissime [[constitutum]], Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14: [[certo]] certius, Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to [[give]] [[certainty]] to one [[concerning]] [[any]] [[thing]], [[make]] him [[certain]], Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf. to the [[person]] [[who]] is made [[certain]] in [[reference]] to a [[thing]], [[certain]], [[sure]]: certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5: num [[quid]] [[nunc]] es certior? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191: posteritatis, i. e. of [[posthumous]] [[fame]], Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1: sententiae, Quint. 4, 3, 8: judicii, Sen. Ep. 45, 9: [[certus]] de suā geniturā, Suet. Vesp. 25: damnationis, id. Tib. 61: exitii, Tac. A. 1, 27: spei, id. H. 4, 3: matrimonii, id. A. 12, 3: certi sumus, etc., Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In [[class]]. [[prose]] [[mostly]] in the [[phrase]] certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, [[with]] a foll, acc. and inf., [[with]] a rel.-[[clause]] or absol.), to [[inform]], [[apprise]] one of a [[thing]]: me certiorem [[face]], Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69: ut nos facias certiores, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32: uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. B. G. 2, 2: qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit, Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2: Caesarem certiorem faciunt, [[sese]] non [[facile]] ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 11: faciam te certiorem [[quid]] egerim, Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. [[only]]: milites certiores facit, [[paulisper]] intermitterent [[proelium]], Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.—Pass.: [[quod]] [[crebro]] certior per me fias de omnibus rebus, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1: [[Caesar]] certior [[factus]] est, [[tres]] jam copiarum partes Helvetios id [[flumen]] transduxisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3: [[factus]] certior, quae res gererentur, Caes. B. C. 1, 15: non consulibus certioribus factis, Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in [[posit]]., [[though]] [[rarely]]: fac me certum [[quid]] [[tibi]] est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179: lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae, Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in [[two]] forms.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> certō, [[with]] [[certainty]], [[certainly]], [[surely]], of a [[truth]], in [[fact]], [[really]], [[object]]. and [[subject]]. (cf. [[supra]], II. A. and B.); [[only]] in the [[comic]] poets, and [[sometimes]] ([[most]]. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., [[while]] the adverbial form [[certe]] belongs to all periods and all [[species]] of [[composition]]. The [[difference]] [[between]] [[them]] is, [[perhaps]], [[merely]] historical; [[but]]<br /> v. [[infra]], [[certe]], B. I. 2. init.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object.: perii [[certo]], [[haud]] [[arbitrario]], Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106: mihi [[certo]] [[nomen]] [[Sosia]]'st, id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12: [[nihil]] ita exspectare [[quasi]] [[certo]] futurum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the [[passage]] cited under [[certo]], I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In [[affirm]]. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, [[yes]], [[certainly]], Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In gen. ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[certo]] [[enim]] ego vocem hic loquentis [[modo]] mi audire [[visus]] [[sum]], Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4: ego rus abituram me esse [[certo]] decrevi, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui [[certo]] comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Esp. in the [[formula]] of [[asseveration]], [[certo]] [[scio]], I [[certainly]] [[know]], I am [[fully]] persuaded, [[beyond]] all [[doubt]] ([[class]].): [[certo]] [[edepol]] [[scio]], me vidisse, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19: [[quod]] te [[moleste]] ferre [[certo]] [[scio]], Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16: veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: [[vobis]] plura, [[certo]] [[scio]], Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under [[certe]], I. 2.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> certē ([[class]].; cf. [[supra]], [[certo]] init.).<br /><b>I</b> Affirming [[strongly]], [[with]] [[certainty]], [[certainly]], [[undoubtedly]], [[assuredly]], [[surely]], [[really]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object.: [[certe]] [[edepol]], tu me alienabis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243: ego [[quidem]] ab hoc [[certe]] exorabo, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: [[certe]] [[hercle]], id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10: [[quom]] is [[certe]] Renuntiarit, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4: [[certe]] [[captus]] est! id. And. 1, 1, 55: [[certe]] ut videamur cernere eum, Lucr. 4, 760: si [[enim]] scit, [[certe]] illud eveniet: [[sin]] [[certe]] eveniet, nulla [[fortuna]] est, Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5: fuit [[certe]] id aequum et [[certe]] exspectatum est, etc., id. Planc. 16, 38: ea [[certe]] vera sunt, id. Mil. 35, 96: M. Catoni [[certe]] licuit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 1, 1: jam [[illa]] perfugia [[certe]] [[minime]] sunt audienda, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: cum se [[certe]] decessurum videret, id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8: [[certe]] [[hinc]] Romanos [[olim]] [[fore]] ductores [[pollicitus]], Verg. A. 1, 234: o dea [[certe]], a [[goddess]] [[surely]], id. ib. 1, 328: [[postremo]] expellet [[certe]] vivacior [[heres]], Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: placuit [[tibi]], Delphice, [[certe]], Dum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 543 al.— Comp.: speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant, Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3: si reperire vocas amittere certius, Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.—Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In an [[answer]] of [[affirmation]]: estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est [[profecto]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in [[confirmation]] of a [[preceding]] [[fact]]: venerat, ut [[opinor]], haec res in judicium. Certe, [[certainly]], [[surely]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject., [[mostly]] in the [[phrase]] [[certe]] [[scio]], I [[know]] to a [[certainty]], I am [[sure]] (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, [[certe]] [[scio]] = certum est me scire, I am [[fully]] convinced: [[certo]] [[scio]] = certum est [[quod]] [[scio]], my [[knowledge]] is [[accurate]], etc.): [[certe]] [[edepol]] [[scio]], si aliud [[quicquam]] est [[quod]] credam aut [[certo]] sciam, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115: [[edepol]] [[certo]] [[scio]], id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20: scelestiorem me hac anu [[certe]] [[scio]] Vidisse [[numquam]], id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32: ex litteris [[certe]] scire potuistis, id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29: [[quod]] [[iste]] [[certe]] statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In [[affirm]]. answers: Ar. Ain' [[vero]]? Le. Certe, [[inquam]], Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In a subjective [[supposition]] or [[presumption]] [[that]] a [[thing]] is so, [[certainly]], [[surely]], [[assuredly]], [[doubtless]], of [[course]]; Gr. [[ἴσως]]: ah [[nugas]] agis, Certe habes, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: si me tanti facis, quanti [[certe]] facis, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—<br /><b>II</b> Affirming [[with]] [[restriction]], [[yet]] [[surely]], [[yet]] [[indeed]], at [[least]], [[notwithstanding]] ([[very]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]], esp. [[after]] the [[class]]. per.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> [[Alone]]: si non ipsā re [[tibi]] [[istuc]] dolet, Simulare [[certe]] est hominis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16: cingitur, [[certe]] expedit se, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152: ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel [[certe]] timere desistant, Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: haec... sint falsa [[sane]], invidiosa [[certe]] non sunt, id. Ac. 2, 32, 105: qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet [[certe]], id. Phil. 12, 4, 8: res [[fortasse]] verae, [[certe]] graves, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13: consulatum unum [[certe]] [[plebis]] Romanae esse, id. 22, 34, 11: quos [[quoniam]] caeli [[nondum]] dignamur honore, Quas dedimus [[certe]] terras habitare sinamus, Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.: quo [[quid]] [[sit]] beatius, mihi [[certe]] in mentem venire non potest, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so, ego [[certe]], Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57: [[certe]] ego, Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13: mihi [[certe]], Quint. 10, 3, 23: [[ipse]] [[certe]], id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With [[other]] particles.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[tamen]]: illud [[certe]] [[tamen]], [[quod]] jam amplexi sumus, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With at: [[quod]] ([[consilium]]) si non fuerit [[prudens]], at [[certe]] ab optima [[fide]] proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With sed: non integrā re, sed [[certe]] [[minus]] infractā, [[quam]], etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[quidem]]: ubi [[sit]] [[animus]], [[certe]] [[quidem]] in te est, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70: [[quoniam]] volumus [[quidem]] [[certe]] senes fieri, id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50: [[certe]] [[quidem]] vos estis Romani, etc., Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But [[quidem]] does not belong [[with]] [[certe]] in [[such]] passages as the foll.: hic [[quidem]] [[certe]] memorat, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. [[quidem]]; cf. also aut and vel.)>