censeo: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>cēnseo</b>: (on the [[long]]<br /><b>I</b> e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, cēnsum ([[late]] Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; [[but]] not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. etym. dub.; [[often]] referred to [[root]] cas-, [[whence]] [[carmen]], camoenus; [[but]] prob. from [[centum]], orig. centere, to [[hundred]] or [[number]] the [[people]]; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373.<br /><b>I</b> To [[tax]], [[assess]], [[rate]], [[estimate]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[reference]] to the [[census]] (v. [[census]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[censor]] (v. [[censor]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rarely [[act]]. [[with]] acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; [[but]] usu. [[pass]]., [[with]] subj. -nom.: censores populi aevitates, [[suboles]], familias, pecuniasque censento, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7: [[census]] [[quom]] [[sum]], juratori recte rationem dedi, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30: [[censor]] ad quojus censionem, id est [[arbitrium]], [[populus]] censeretur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.: [[census]]... indicat eum qui [[sit]] [[census]] se jam tum gessisse pro cive, Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentīs censere jubere, P. [[Scipio]] ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne [[absens]] censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8: sub [[lustrum]] censeri, id. ib.: milia [[octoginta]] eo [[lustro]] civium censa dicuntur, Liv. 1, 44, 2: censa civium capita [[centum]] [[septendecim]] milia trecenta [[undeviginti]], id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14: censebantur ejus aetatis lustrīs [[ducena]] quinquagena milia [[capitum]], id. 9, 19, 2: cum [[capitum]] liberorum censa essent CLII. milia, Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: [[quid]] se vivere, [[quid]] in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With the [[amount]] at [[which]] the [[property]] [[was]] rated, in the acc.: or abl.: [[praesertim]] [[census]] equestrem Summam nummorum, [[being]] assessed [[with]] the [[estate]] [[necessary]] to a Roman [[knight]], Hor. A. P. 383: primae [[classis]] homines quicentum et [[viginti]] [[quinque]] milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore [[summa]] aeris censebantur, Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those [[who]] were assessed ac cording to [[their]] [[ability]] to [[labor]]: qui nullo aut [[perquam]] parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus [[autem]] [[census]] capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis [[septuaginta]] [[quinque]], Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1; and in the [[finite]] [[verb]]: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur, Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = [[census]] agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec [[frequentia]] quae convenit ludorum censendique causā (i.e. [[census]] agendi causā, for the [[sake]] of the [[census]]), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54: [[mentio]] inlata [[apud]] senatum est, rem operosam... suo [[proprio]] magistratu egere... cui [[arbitrium]] formulae censendi subiceretur, the [[scheme]] for [[taking]] the [[census]], Liv. 4, 8, 4: [[quia]] is censendo [[finis]] [[factus]] est, id. 1, 44, 2: civīs Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt, Vell. 2, 15: aetatem in censendo significare [[necesse]] est... [[aetas]] [[autem]] spectatur censendi tempore, Dig. 50, 15, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Censum censere = [[censum]] agere, [[only]] in the gerundial dat.: illud [[quaero]], sintne [[illa]] praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile, are [[they]] [[subject]] to the [[census]], Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., [[that]] he would [[add]] a [[rule]] for the [[taking]] of the [[census]], according to [[which]], etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri [[proprie]] appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Müll.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[assessment]] of the provinces under [[provincial]] officers (censores, and, under the [[later]] emperors, censitores).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pass., [[with]] the [[territory]] as [[subject]]-nom.: [[quinto]] [[quoque]] [[anno]] [[Sicilia]] tota censetur; erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... [[quintus]] [[annus]] cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa [[denuo]] est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139: omne [[territorium]] censeatur quoties, etc., Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The persons assessed as [[subject]]: ubi (coloni) censiti [[atque]] educati natique sunt, Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6: quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit, ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With [[part]]. as [[attribute]]: rusticos censitosque servos vendi, Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[determine]] by the [[census]]: cum [[antea]] per singulos viros, per binas [[vero]] mulieres capitis [[norma]] [[sit]] censa, Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10: [[nisi]] [[forte]] privilegio [[aliquo]] materna [[origo]] censeatur, Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Act. [[with]] acc.: vos terras [[vestras]] levari censitione vultis, ego [[vero]] [[etiam]] aërem vestrum censere vellem, Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[person]] assessed, to [[value]], [[make]] a [[statement]] of one's [[property]] in the [[census]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Act. [[with]] acc.: in quā tribu ista praedia censuisti? Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Censeri, as dep. [[with]] acc.: [[census]] es [[praeterea]] numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse [[censum]], constabat [[inter]] omnes, si aliena censendo [[Decianus]] sua facere posset, etc., Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. [[high]] estimates of [[property]] in the [[census]], Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf., of things and persons in gen., to [[value]], [[estimate]], [[rate]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By a [[figure]] [[directly]] referring to the Roman [[census]]: [[aequo]] [[mendicus]] [[atque]] [[ille]] opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem [[mortuus]], [[will]] be rated by an [[equal]] [[census]], i.e. in the [[same]] [[class]], [[without]] considering [[their]] [[property]], Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis [[ope]] vostrā censerier, referring to a [[part]] of the [[audience]], [[you]], [[who]] [[may]] be rated according to [[your]] [[intelligence]], analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. β), id. Capt. prol. 15: nam [[argumentum]] hoc hic censebitur, [[will]] be rated, its [[census]]-[[class]] [[will]] be [[determined]] here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in [[quoque]] optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to [[which]] he is rated, i.e. his [[worth]] is [[determined]], Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And [[with]] [[two]] acc.: [[quintus]] [[Phosphorus]], Junonia, [[immo]] Veneris [[stella]] censetur, is ranked as the [[fifth]], App. de Mundo, p. 710.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[direct]] [[reference]] to the [[census]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> = [[aestimo]], to [[estimate]], [[weigh]], [[value]], [[appreciate]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen. of [[price]]: dic [[ergo]] quanti censes? Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[pass]].: si censenda nobis [[atque]] aestimanda res [[sit]], [[utrum]] [[tandem]] pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we [[have]] to [[weigh]] and [[estimate]] a [[thing]], etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48: anule... In quo censendum nil [[nisi]] dantis [[amor]], Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2: [[interim]] [[autem]] facta sola censenda dicit [[atque]] in judicium vocanda, Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> = honorari, celebrari, [[with]] de [[aliquo]], = for the [[sake]] of [[somebody]] (in Ovid): pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, [[amicus]], Comprecor, etc., the [[friend]] for the [[sake]] of whom [[you]] are [[celebrated]], [[who]] is the [[cause]] of [[your]] [[renown]], Ov. P. 2, 5, 73: hoc domui debes de quā censeris, id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Censeri, dep., = to [[distinguish]], [[with]] acc. [[only]] [[once]] or [[twice]] in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. β): hanc [[semper]]... Est [[inter]] comites [[Marcia]] censa suas, has [[always]] [[distinguished]] her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Censeri aliquā re.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = to be appreciated, [[distinguished]], [[celebrated]] for [[some]] [[quality]], as if the [[quality]] were a [[standard]] determining the [[census]], analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. β), [[very]] freq. in post-class. writings: [[Democritus]] cum divitiis censeri posset, [[when]] he [[might]] [[have]] been [[celebrated]] for his [[wealth]], Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4: [[Aristides]] quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitiā), id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode [[matronalis]] [[stola]] censetur ( = tuā, i.e. pudicitiae, custodiā), the [[stola]], etc., is appreciated for [[thy]] [[custody]], id. 6, 1 prooem.: unā [[adhuc]] victoriā Carius [[Metius]] censebatur, Tac. Agr. 45: ut ipsi [[quoque]] qui egerunt non aliis [[magis]] orationibus censeantur, id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus [[tantum]] censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is [[celebrated]] not [[only]] for its grapes, [[but]], etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12: et Galliae censentur hoc reditu, id. 19, 1, 2, § 7: [[quisquis]] [[paulo]] vetustior [[miles]], hic te commilitone censetur, is [[distinguished]] for the [[fact]] [[that]] [[you]] were his [[fellow]]-[[soldier]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 15 fin.: multiplici variāque doctrinā censebatur, Suet. Gram. 10: [[felix]] quae tali censetur munere [[tellus]], Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo [[tellus]], = for the [[fact]] [[that]] Livy [[was]] [[born]] [[there]], id. 1, 61, 3: hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi, for the [[fact]] [[that]] [[Nestor]] used [[them]], id. 8, 6, 9: nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit ([[Iberia]]), Claud. Laud. Seren. 67: libri mei non aliā laude carius censentur, [[quam]] [[quod]] judicio vestro comprobantur, App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = to be [[known]] by [[something]] (Appuleian): hoc nomine censebatur jam [[meus]] [[dominus]], App. M. 8, p. 171: [[nomen]] quo tu censeris aiebat, id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro [[studio]] bibendi quo [[solo]] censetur, [[either]] [[known]] by, or [[distinguished]] for, id. Mag. p. 499: globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur, [[which]] is [[known]] by its [[unerring]] [[course]], id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As gram. t. t., to be marked by [[some]] [[peculiarity]], according to [[which]] a [[word]] is classified: [[neque]] de armis et moeniis infitias eo [[quin]] figurā multitudinis perpetuā censeantur, [[that]] [[they]] are marked by the form of [[constant]] plurality, i. e. [[that]] [[they]] are pluralia [[tantum]], Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.<br /><b>II</b> Of transactions in and by the Senate, to [[judge]] (in the meanings II. and III. the [[passive]] [[voice]] is not in [[class]]. [[use]], [[while]] in I. the [[passive]] [[voice]] is by [[far]] the [[most]] freq.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> To be of [[opinion]], to [[propose]], to [[vote]], to [[move]], referring to the votes of the senators [[when]] asked for [[their]] opinions (sententiam dicere).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a ([[passive]]) inf.-[[clause]], denoting [[what]] should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his [[ferme]] verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, [[quid]] censes? tum [[ille]] Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) [[censeo]], I am of the [[opinion]] (I [[move]], [[propose]]) [[that]] [[satisfaction]] should be sought, etc., [[ancient]] [[formula]] ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.: [[primum]] [[igitur]] [[acta]] Caesaris servanda [[censeo]], Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16: hoc [[autem]] tempore ita [[censeo]] decernendum, id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf. [[Regulus]]'s [[advice]] in the Senate, [[being]] represented as a [[vote]]: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111: [[quare]] ita ego [[censeo]]... de confessis [[more]] majorum [[supplicium]] sumendum, Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14: [[Appius]] imperio consulari rem agendam censebat, Liv. 2, 23, 15: ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent, id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei [[senatus]] consulta aureis litteris figenda in curiā censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57: ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint, Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the [[emperor]]'s [[vote]] in the Senate: commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrinā nostratem requirendam, Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And [[with]] the [[copula]] expressed ([[very]] [[rare]]): qui censet eos... morte esse multandos, Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to [[sententia]] as [[subject]]: [[sententia]] quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant), Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes [[with]] oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.: quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere, Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial: hac coronā civicā L. [[Gellius]] in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publicā censuit, Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the [[opinion]] of the [[senator]] does not [[refer]] to the [[chief]] [[question]], [[but]] to incidental points, the predic. inf. [[may]] [[have]] [[any]] form: eas leges quas M. [[Antonius]] tulisse dicitur omnes [[censeo]] per vim et [[contra]] auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10: cum magna [[pars]] [[senatus]]... cum [[tyrannis]] [[bellum]] gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc., Liv. 26, 32, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, [[generally]] [[when]] the [[clause]] has an [[active]] [[predicate]], [[but]] also [[with]] passives [[instead]] of the gerundial inf.-[[clause]]: de eā re ita [[censeo]] uti consules designati [[dent]] operam uti [[senatus]] Kal. Jan. [[tuto]] haberi possit, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37: [[censeo]] ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne [[sit]] ea res fraudi, si, etc., id. ib. 5, 12, 34: censebant omnes [[fere]] (senatores) ut in Italiā [[supplementum]] meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur, id. Fam. 3, 3, 1: Cn. [[Pompeius]] (in senatu) dixit, [[sese]]... censere ut ad senatūs auctoritatem populi [[quoque]] Romani [[beneficium]] [[erga]] me adjungeretur, id. Sest. 34, 74: quas ob res ita [[censeo]]: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc. ... iis fraudi ne [[sit]] [[quod]] cum M. Antonio fuerint, id. Phil. 8, 11, 33: [[Calidius]], qui censebat ut [[Pompeius]] in suas provincias proficisceretur, Caes. B. C. 1, 2: censuerunt [[quidam]] (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur, Suet. Tib. 17: [[iterum]] censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the [[emperor]]'s [[vote]] in the Senate), id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-[[clause]], [[with]] neu or ut: sed ita [[censeo]]: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu [[quis]] [[postea]] de his ad senatum referat, etc., Sall. C. 51, 43: qui partem bonorum publicandam, [[pars]] ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat, Tac. A. 4, 20.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a subj.-[[clause]], [[without]] ut ([[rare]] in this [[connection]]; v. III. C. 3.): K. [[Fabius]] censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum [[munus]] facere, captivum agrum plebi [[quam]] [[maxime]] [[aequaliter]] darent, Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And [[ironically]] [[with]] [[regard]] to incidental points: vereamini [[censeo]] ne... [[nimis]] aliquid [[severe]] statuisse videamini, I [[propose]] [[you]] should be [[afraid]] of having decreed [[too]] [[severe]] a [[punishment]] = of [[course]], [[you]] [[will]] not be [[afraid]], etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini [[censeo]]—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—[[atque]] [[etiam]] armatos dimittatis, I [[propose]] [[that]] [[you]] [[pity]] [[them]], etc., or I [[advise]] [[you]] to be [[merciful]], Sall. C. 52, 26.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ellipt., [[with]] a gerundial [[clause]] understood: dic [[quid]] censes (i. e. decernendum), Liv. 1, 32, 11: [[quod]] ego meā sententiā censebam (i.e. decernendum), [[Cato]] ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2: senati [[decretum]] [[fit]], [[sicut]] [[ille]] censuerat, Sall. C. 53, 1: quas ob res ita [[censeo]]... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum [[censeo]], etc.), Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = sententiam dicere, to [[tell]], to [[express]] one's [[opinion]] in the Senate (post-class.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: [[Priscus]] [[Helvidius]] .. [[contra]] [[studium]] ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an [[opinion]] [[against]] his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91: cum [[parum]] [[sit]], in senatu [[breviter]] censere, [[nisi]], etc., id. Dial. 36 fin.: sententias... [[prout]] libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum [[magis]] [[quam]] adsentiendum esset, Suet. Aug. 35: [[igitur]] Cn. [[Piso]], quo, inquit, [[loco]] censebis, [[Caesar]]? si [[primus]], etc., Tac. A. 1, 74.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With adjectives in the [[neuter]], substantively used: nec [[quoquam]] reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, [[who]] dared to [[express]] an [[opinion]] on [[any]] [[thing]], Suet. Caes. 20: per dissensionem diversa censentium, of the senators [[who]] expressed [[different]] opinions, id. Claud. 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With interrog. or rel.-[[clause]]: [[deinde]] ageret senatorem et censeret [[quid]] corrigi aut mutari vellet, Tac. A. 16, 28: cum censeat [[aliquis]] (in senatu) [[quod]] ex parte mihi placeat, Sen. Ep. 21, 9.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to [[resolve]], [[decree]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inf.-[[clause]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> With gerund, [[without]] [[copula]] (v. II. A. 1.): eum, cujus supplicio [[senatus]] sollennes religiones expiandas [[saepe]] censuit, Cic. Mil. 27, 73: eos [[senatus]] non censuit redimendos, id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15: [[senatus]] Caelium ab republicā removendum censuit, Caes. B. C. 3, 21: [[senatus]] censuit [[frequens]] coloniam Labicos deducendam, Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4: cum [[bello]] persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent, id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> With pres. inf. [[pass]]. or [[act]]., [[with]] the [[force]] of a gerundial: de bonis regiis quae reddi [[antea]] censuerant ( = reddenda), Liv. 2, 5, 1: munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres), id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.): eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant, id. 45, 12, 13: cum [[senatus]] unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset, Suet. Caes. 26.—With [[both]] [[act]]. and [[pass]]. inf.: censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam [[rursus]] fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere, Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With [[both]] pres. [[pass]]. and gerund. inff.: haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda [[comitia]] consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici, Liv. 27, 5, 14.— And [[with]] velle: [[senatus]] verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc., Sall. J. 21, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut or ne.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In the words of the Senate, according to [[formula]]: [[quod]] L. [[Opimius]] verba fecit de re publicā, de eā re ita censuerunt uti L. [[Opimius]] [[consul]] rem publicam defenderet, etc., [[ancient]] S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: [[quod]], etc., de eā re ita censuerunt ut M. [[Pomponius]] [[praetor]] animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And [[with]] gerundial inf.-[[clause]]: [[quod]] C. [[Julius]] [[pontifex]]... de eā re ita censuerunt, uti M. [[Antonius]] [[consul]] hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset [[satis]] habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> As [[related]] by the historians, etc.: [[quoniam]] [[senatus]] censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet, Caes. B. G. 1, 35: patres censuerunt uti consules provincias [[inter]] se compararent, Liv. 30, 40, 12: [[senatus]] censuit ut [[domus]] ei... publicā impensā restitueretur, Suet. Claud. 6; so [[with]] [[reference]] to the [[civil]] [[law]], Dig. 49, 14, 15 [[quater]].—With ne: senatum censuisse, ne [[quis]] [[illo]] [[anno]] [[genitus]] educaretur, Suet. Aug. 94.—And [[with]] inf -[[clause]]: filio regis Nicomedi ex eā summā munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur, Liv. 45, 44, 15.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a subj.-[[clause]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[senatus]] [[consulto]] quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc., Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With neutr. acc. pron. in [[place]] of a [[clause]]: cum [[vero]] id [[senatus]] [[frequens]] censuisset (sc. faciendum), Cic. Pis. 8, 18: ite in [[suffragium]], et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete, Liv. 31, 7, 14: quodcunque vos censueritis, id. 34, 7, 15: quodpatres censuissent, id. 28, 45, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With accusative of a [[noun]], or a [[noun]] as [[passive]] [[subject]], to [[decree]] or [[vote]] a [[thing]] (postclass.): nec [[tamen]] repertum [[nisi]] ut [[effigies]] principum, aras deum, templa et [[arcus]] aliaque solita... censuere, Tac. A. 3, 57: aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere, id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur [[clipeus]] [[auro]] et magnitudine [[insignis]] [[inter]] auctores eloquentiae (to be placed [[among]], etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[both]] acc. and dat.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The dat. = [[against]]: [[bellum]] Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et [[populus]] jussit, Liv. 10, 12, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The dat. = in [[behalf]] of: censentur Ostorio triumphi [[insignia]], Tac. A. 12, 38.—And [[with]] ut: sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere, id. ib. 13, 8.<br /><b>III</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Of the opinions and resolutions of [[other]] deliberating bodies, or of [[their]] members, to [[resolve]], or to be of [[opinion]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inf.-[[clause]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Gerundial: erant qui censerent de tertiā vigiliā in [[castra]] [[Cornelia]] recedendum ([[council]] of [[war]]), Caes. B. C. 2, 30: erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent, id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77: pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi ... pecuniā publicā aedificandam domum censuerunt, Cic. Pis. 22, 52: [[nunc]] surgendum [[censeo]], I [[move]] we [[adjourn]] (in a [[literary]] [[meeting]]), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367: cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent, Liv. 5, 23, 9: [[nunc]] has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an [[assembly]] of the [[people]]), id. 5, 53, 3: ego ita [[censeo]], legatos [[extemplo]] Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate), id. 21, 10, 13: [[ante]] omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... [[censeo]] deducendos esse ([[Hannibal]] in a [[council]] of [[war]]), id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12: cum [[septem]] judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum [[exilio]] multandum, duo alii pecuniā, [[tres]] reliqui capite puniendum, Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And [[with]] oportere inst. of a gerundial [[clause]] (referring to [[duty]]): [[neque]] [[sine]] gravi causā eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere, Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With [[opus]] esse ( = [[expediency]]): [[Parmenio]] furto, non [[proelio]] [[opus]] esse censebat, Curt. 10, 8, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> With [[ordinary]] pres. inf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[place]] of a gerundial: [[Antenor]] censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a [[council]] of [[war]]), Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Denoting [[opinion]] [[about]] an existing [[state]]: [[Hasdrubal]] ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram [[adhuc]] Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus [[satis]] fidam censebat, Liv. 27, 20, 6: [[Parmenio]] non [[alium]] locum [[proelio]] aptiorem esse censebat, Curt. 3, 7, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut or ne: [[censeo]] ut [[satis]] diu te putes requiesse et [[iter]] reliquum conficere pergas (in a [[literary]] [[meeting]]), Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290: [[plerique]] censebant ut [[noctu]] [[iter]] facerent ([[council]] of [[war]]), Caes. B. C. 1, 67: et [[nunc]] [[magnopere]] censere, ut unam anum ... [[triginta]] milibus [[talentum]] auri permutet ([[council]] of [[war]]), Curt. 4, 11, 12: censeout D. [[Claudius]] ex hac [[die]] [[deus]] fiat ([[council]] of the gods), Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos [[audio]] censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved ([[family]] [[council]]), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With subj.-[[clause]]: [[nunc]] [[quoque]] arcessas [[censeo]] omnes navalís terrestrīsque copias ([[Hannibal]] in [[council]] of [[war]]), Liv. 36, 7, 17: [[censeo]] relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus [[hinc]] [[protinus]] Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum ([[assembly]] of the [[people]]), [[Scipio]] Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used: ego pro sententiā meā hoc [[censeo]]: [[quandoquidem]], etc., Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4: nec dubitavere [[quin]] vera censeret, [[that]] his [[opinion]] [[was]] [[correct]], Curt. 10, 6, 18.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ellipt.: sententiis quarum [[pars]] deditionem, [[pars]] eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam), Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.: ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit, Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of the orders of persons in [[authority]] (cf. II. B.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of commanders, etc., by [[courtesy]], inst. of velle, imperare, or a [[direct]] [[imperative]] [[sentence]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gerundial inf. - [[clause]]: non tam imperavi [[quam]] censui [[sumptus]] legatis [[quam]] [[maxime]] ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not [[strictly]] as an [[order]], [[but]] as an [[opinion]] [[that]], etc. ([[Cicero]] as [[proconsul]]), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With subj.-[[clause]]: [[arma]] quae ad me missuri eratis, iis [[censeo]] armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, [[you]] had [[better]], etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of an [[order]] by the [[people]] ([[rare]]; gen. [[populus]] jubet): ita id ([[foedus]]) ratum [[fore]] si [[populus]] censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse), Liv. 21, 19, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[later]] emperors, in [[their]] ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the [[custom]] of the earlier emperors, [[who]] conveyed [[their]] commands in the form of an [[opinion]] in the [[senate]]; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.[[clause]], ut, ne, and subj.-[[clause]]: [[sex]] mensium [[spatium]] censemus debere servari, Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7: censemus ut, etc., ib. 12, 37 (38), 13: censemus ne, etc., ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23: in [[commune]] jubes si [[quid]] censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Of [[advice]], given by one [[person]] to [[another]] ([[further]] [[development]] of III. A.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ante-[[class]]. [[formula]]: faciundum [[censeo]] = I [[advise]], [[with]] ut-[[clause]], [[with]] [[quid]], sic, etc.: [[censeo]] faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam [[ire]] jubeas, etc., I [[advise]] [[you]] to [[order]], etc., [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6: ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat, [[consult]] [[Tiresias]] as to [[what]] he advises, for his [[advice]], Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80: consulam hanc rem amicos [[quid]] faciundum censeant, id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23: sic faciundum [[censeo]]: Da [[isti]] cistellam, etc., id. Cist. 4, 2, 104: ego sic faciundum [[censeo]]: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc., id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91: [[sane]] faciundum [[censeo]], id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[ordinary]] gerundial inf.-clauses: narrandum ego [[istuc]] militi censebo, I [[advise]] [[you]] to [[let]] the [[soldier]] [[know]] [[that]], Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42: exorando sumendam operam [[censeo]], id. Stich. 1, 2, 22: [[quid]] [[nunc]] consili captandum censes? id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115: [[idem]] [[tibi]] [[censeo]] faciendum, Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3: quos [[quidem]] [[tibi]] [[studiose]] et [[diligenter]] tractandos magno opere [[censeo]], id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere [[with]] an inf.-[[clause]] (in the [[comic]] poets): amicos consulam quo me [[modo]] Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui [[homo]] cum [[animo]]... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum [[animus]] aequom censeat, An ita [[potius]] ut parentes ... velint i. e. as his [[mind]] prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a subj.[[clause]] (so esp. [[with]] [[censeo]] in 1st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do [[you]] [[advise]] me to [[ask]] the [[man]]? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20: tu, si videbitur, ita [[censeo]] facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum [[censeo]] ut, 1. [[supra]]), Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4: [[immo]] [[plane]], [[inquam]], Brute, legas (Gracchum) [[censeo]], id. Brut. 33, 125: tu, si [[forte]] [[quid]] erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas [[censeo]], id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7: tu, [[censeo]], [[tamen]] adhibeas Vettium, id. Att. 2, 4, 7: quae disputari de amicitiā possunt, ab iis [[censeo]] petatis qui ista profitentur, id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, [[censeo]], Luceriam venias: [[nusquam]] eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A: [[censeo]] Viā Appiā [[iter]] facias, et [[celeriter]] [[Brundusium]] venias, id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas [[censeo]], et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos [[tamen]] numeros [[censeo]] videas ὁδοῦ [[πάρεργον]], Gell. 17, 20, 5: [[quam]] scit [[uterque]], [[libens]] censebo exerceat artem, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an [[advice]] given to an [[adversary]], [[with]] [[irony]]: [[cetera]] si [[qua]] putes te occultius facere posse... [[magnopere]] [[censeo]] desistas, I [[strongly]] [[advise]] [[you]] to [[give]] up [[that]] [[idea]], Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174: sed tu, Acci, consideres [[censeo]] [[diligenter]], [[utrum]] censorum judicium [[grave]] esse velis an Egnatii, id. Clu. 48, 135: postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... [[numquam]] impetrabunt, id. Ac. 2, 30, 97: ibi quaeratis socios [[censeo]], ubi Saguntina [[clades]] ignota est, Liv. 21, 19, 10: solvas [[censeo]], Sexte, creditori, Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in [[jest]]: Treviros vites [[censeo]], [[audio]] capitalīs esse, Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas [[censeo]]... quā re ad patres [[censeo]] revertare, id. ib. 9, 21, 3: vites [[censeo]] porticum [[Philippi]]: si te viderit [[Hercules]], peristi, Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For [[ironical]] [[senatorial]] [[advice]], by [[which]] the [[contrary]] is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With an ut-[[clause]] ([[with]] monere; [[very]] [[rare]]): illud [[tamen]] vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse [[puta]]... ut tu [[quoque]] animum inducas, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a [[clause]] understood: quo me vortam [[nescio]]: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum [[censeo]] (i.e. id facias or faciundum [[censeo]]), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem [[censeo]] (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53: [[quid]] [[nunc]] censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum), id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112: ita faciam ut [[frater]] censuit, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11: [[tibi]] [[igitur]] hoc [[censeo]] (i. e. faciendum): latendum [[tantisper]] [[ibidem]], etc., Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita [[censeo]], id. ib. 16, 20: [[quid]] censes [[igitur]]? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc., id. Att. 9, 12, 4: [[quid]] [[igitur]] censet ([[sapientia]])? What is [[wisdom]]'s [[advice]]? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6: scribi [[quid]] placeat, [[quid]] censeas, id. Att. 9, 19,4: ibitur [[igitur]], et ita [[quidem]] ut censes, id. ib. 10, 15, 3: disce, docendus [[adhuc]], quae censet [[amiculus]], Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Of opinions and views on [[general]] questions, to be of [[opinion]], [[think]], [[believe]], [[hold]] (cf.: [[statuo]], [[existimo]], [[puto]], aio, [[dico]]; freq. in [[class]]. [[prose]]; [[very]] [[rare]] in post-class. writers [[except]] [[Gellius]]; [[never]] [[with]] ut, ne, or subj.-[[clause]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With inf.-[[clause]]: [[Plato]] [[mundum]] esse [[factum]] censet a deo [[sempiternum]], Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118: Cyrenaici non omni [[malo]] aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato, id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28: ([[Hieronymus]]) censet summum [[bonum]] esse [[sine]] ullā molestiā vivere, id. Fin. 2, 5, 16: [[Aristoteles]] eos qui valetudinis causā furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens, id. Div. 1, 38, 81: [[Pythagoras]] censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem, id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88: [[Plato]] in civitate communīs esse mulieres censuit, Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the [[opinion]] refers to [[what]] should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial [[predicate]] [[with]] esse (so in Cic., [[but]] in Gell. 7, 15, 3, [[without]] esse): oportere delubra esse in urbibus [[censeo]], Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26: M. [[Varro]] aeditumum dici oportere censet, Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2; so [[with]] debere, id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4: Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116: ([[Ennius]]) non censet lugendam esse mortem [[quam]] [[immortalitas]] consequatur, id. Sen. 20, 73.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An inf.-[[clause]] understood: ([[dissensio]] est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur [[initium]]. Ego [[enim]] ab ultimis [[censeo]] (i. e. exordiendum esse), Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8: si, [[Mimnermus]] uti censet, [[sine]] amore jocisque Nil est jucundum, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65: sic [[enim]] censuit, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc [[amplius]] [[censeo]], in [[addition]] to the opinions mentioned I [[hold]], etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2: nullo ([[medico]]) [[idem]] censente, Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a rel.-[[clause]]: [[Aesopus]] quae utilia... erant, non [[severe]] [[neque]] [[imperiose]] praecepit et censuit, he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus, the [[right]] to [[impart]] my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> In gen., = [[arbitror]], [[puto]], [[existimo]], judico (cf.: [[idem]] [[enim]] valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere [[nunc]] significat putare, [[nunc]] suadere, [[nunc]] decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Müll.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[judge]], [[think]], [[believe]], [[suppose]] (freq. in [[ante]]-[[class]]. writings; [[very]] [[rare]] in Cic. [[except]] in the [[particular]] meanings, a.—[[ironically]]—and d.; [[always]] [[with]] inf.-[[clause]] expressed or understood).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In gen.: [[atque]] ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.: [[satis]] jam delusam [[censeo]]: rem, ut est, [[nunc]] eloquamur, id. As. 3, 3, 141: nam si [[honeste]] censeam te facere posse, suadeam, id. Mil. 4, 8, 60: [[neque]] ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse [[censeo]], id. Am. 1, 1, 126: saluti [[quod]] [[tibi]] esse [[censeo]], id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, [[Cincius]], Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2: eo [[namque]] omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules), Liv. 7, 32, 3: nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent, id. 7, 31, 7: [[quaeso]] ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas, id. 7, 13, 8: at [[illa]] purgare se, [[quod]] quae utilia esse censebat ... suasisset, Curt. 8, 3, 7: [[Alexander]], tam memorabili victoriā [[laetus]], quā sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> With [[reference]] to an [[erroneous]] [[opinion]], to [[imagine]], [[suppose]], [[falsely]] [[believe]]: censebam me effugisse a vitā maritumā Ne navigarem, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108: omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi, id. Am. prol. 122, 134: jam hic ero, [[quom]] [[illic]] censebis esse me, id. ib. 3, 3, 14: ardere censui [[aedes]], id. ib. 5, 1, 15: ego hunc censebam esse te, id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88: non ipsa saxa [[magis]] sensu omni vacabant [[quam]] [[ille]]... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare, Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And [[ironically]]: [[nisi]] [[forte]] Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse, Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117: [[nisi]] [[forte]] [[etiam]] [[illi]] Semproniano [[senatus]] [[consulto]] me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae [[quidem]] fui, id. Fam. 12, 29, 2: neminem me fortiorem esse censebam, Curt. 8, 14, 42.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Referring to [[what]] should [[take]] [[place]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gerundial inf.-[[clause]]: [[navis]] praedatoria, Abs quā cavendum nobis [[sane]] [[censeo]], Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70: soli gerundum [[censeo]] morem, id. Most. 1, 3, 69: [[neque]] vendundam [[censeo]] Quae libera est, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17: [[ceterum]] ei qui [[consilium]] adferret opem [[quoque]] in eam rem adferendam censebant esse, Liv. 25, 11, 14.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With oportere, debere, or an [[ordinary]] inf.-[[clause]]: solam [[illi]] me soli [[censeo]] esse oportere obedientem, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47: quibus declaraveram, quo te [[animo]] censerem esse oportere, et [[quid]] [[tibi]] faciendum arbitrarer, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: [[rursus]] interrogatus [[quid]] [[ipse]] victorem statuere debere censeret, Curt. 8, 14, 43: [[impudens]] [[postulatio]] visa est, censere... ipsos id ([[bellum]]) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to [[entertain]] the [[idea]] [[that]] [[they]] should [[direct]] [[that]] [[war]] [[against]] [[themselves]] and [[their]] [[own]] lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4: munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5: quae nos [[quoque]] sustinere censebat, App. M. 11, p. 253.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By aequum censere [[with]] [[ordinary]] inf.[[clause]], expressed or understood, [[either]] = it is [[fair]] ([[right]]) to do [[something]], or [[something]] [[ought]] or should be done (so [[very]] freq. in the [[comic]] poets and Livy; [[rare]] in [[other]] writers): non ego istunc me [[potius]] [[quam]] te metuere aequom [[censeo]], I do not [[think]] it [[right]] to [[fear]] him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: [[quid]] me aequom censes pro illā [[tibi]] [[dare]]? What do [[you]] [[think]] I should [[give]] as a [[fair]] [[price]]? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: [[meum]] animum [[tibi]] servitutem servire aequom censui, I [[thought]] it my [[duty]] [[that]] my [[mind]] should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: [[ecquis]] est [[tandem]] qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas [[dare]] ob eam rem [[quod]] arguatur [[male]] facere voluisse? [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36: [[quis]] aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi? Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And [[without]] [[emphasis]] [[upon]] the [[idea]] of [[fairness]] or [[right]]: si sunt ita ut ego aequom [[censeo]], as I [[think]] [[they]] [[ought]] to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42: qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris [[ilico]] nasci senes, [[who]] [[believe]] [[that]] we should be [[born]] as old men [[right]] from [[childhood]], Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10: qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi, Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant; senatum quaerere de pecuniā non relatā in publicum... aequum censebant, Liv. 38, 54, 5: cives civibus parcere aequum censebat, Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Very freq., esp. in Cic., [[when]] a [[question]], [[rhetorical]] or [[real]], is addressed to a [[second]] [[person]], [[often]] referring to [[erroneous]] opinions: an fores censebas nobis [[publicitus]] praeberier? Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7: [[clanculum]] [[istaec]] te flagitia facere censebas [[potesse]]? id. Men. 4, 2, 47: [[hicine]] nos habitare censes? id. Trin. 4, 3, 72: omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu [[quia]] es? id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: [[continuo]] dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35: adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam? Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, [[quid]] censes in Latino [[fore]]? id. Fin. 3, 4, 15: [[quid]] [[igitur]] censes? Apim illum [[nonne]] deum videri Aegyptiis? id. N. D. 1, 29, 82: [[quis]] haec neget esse utilia? quem censes? id. Off. 3, 26, 99: an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc., id. Sen. 23, 82: an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis? id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4: [[quid]] censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda [[modo]], quo sensu credis et [[ore]]? Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 ([[with]] obj.inf.).—With conditional [[period]] inst. of an inf.-[[clause]]: num censes faceret, filium [[nisi]] sciret [[eadem]] haec velle, Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.— Sometimes censemus? is used in the [[same]] [[way]] as censes? Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> With an inf.[[clause]] understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: [[quid]] [[ergo]] censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: [[quid]] illum censes? (i. e. eo [[loco]] facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12: [[quid]] illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere), id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, [[very]] freq. in the [[comic]] poets, [[censeo]], absol., as an approving [[answer]]; also sic [[censeo]], [[istuc]] [[censeo]], ita [[censeo]] (Cic.) to be [[variously]] rendered: ego divinam rem [[intus]] faciam... So. Censeo, [[that]] [[will]] be [[right]]! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus [[quid]] agat: Ph. [[Sane]] [[censeo]], so we [[will]], [[indeed]], id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: [[quid]] si recenti re [[aedis]] pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: [[quin]] eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, [[hercle]], patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri [[etiam]] gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I [[think]] so (and [[after]] [[answering]] [[several]] questions [[with]] [[censeo]]): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non [[censeo]]. Pl. Nunc non censet [[quom]] [[volo]], id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: [[male]] habeas! Mu. Sic [[censeo]], Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, [[istuc]] [[censeo]], id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.: [[prorsus]] ita [[censeo]], referring to [[general]] questions, as in D., Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23); [[once]] [[similarly]] censeas: Quid gravare? censeas! Say [[yes]], Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[resolve]], as a [[merely]] [[mental]] [[act]], [[with]] gerundial inf.-[[clause]] ([[rare]]; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, [[Caesar]] maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to [[hasten]], lit., [[thought]] he [[must]] [[hasten]] ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.: censuimus [[igitur]] [[amplius]] quaerendum, Gell. 12, 14, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[consider]], i. e. [[after]] [[carefully]] [[weighing]] the circumstances, [[with]] inf.-[[clause]] ([[rare]]): sed cum censerem... me et [[periculum]] vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea [[causa]] mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit, Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = pu [[tare]], habere, judicare, to [[consider]] as, to [[hold]], [[with]] [[two]] acc., or inf.-[[clause]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> With [[double]] acc.: [[quom]] dispicias tristem, [[frugi]] censeas (i.e. eum), [[you]] would [[consider]] him [[thrifty]], Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32: [[auxilio]] vos dignos censet [[senatus]], considers [[you]] [[worthy]] of [[help]], Liv. 7, 31, 2: has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc., Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum [[nobilitas]] hostem patriae censuisset, judged, [[declared]] him the [[enemy]], etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In the [[pass]]. [[with]] nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.): [[praeter]] illas unam et [[viginti]] (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur, Gell. 3, 3, 3: quae terrenā censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse), are considered as [[being]] of the [[terrestrial]] [[kind]], Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub [[aliquo]] censeri, to be considered as [[being]] under one's [[influence]], id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 ([[with]] per).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[wish]], [[with]] subj.-[[clause]] or ne (in App.): de comā pretiosi velleris floccum mihi [[confestim]] adferas [[censeo]], App. M. 6. p. 117: [[censeo]] ne ulla [[cura]] os percolat, id. Mag. p. 411.<br /><b>censeo</b>: ēre, = [[succenseo]],<br /><b>I</b> to be [[angry]]: ne [[vobis]] censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.