γράμμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=-ατος, τό, Dor. [[γράθμα]], prob. in ''IG''4.506 (Heraeum, vi/v B. C.), cf. ''An.Ox.''1.102, but [[γράσσμα]], ''IG''4.554 (Argos, v B. C.): late Aeol. pl. γρόππατα, ''Epigr.Gr.''990.11 (Balbilla): ([[γράφω]]):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[that which is drawn]]: pl., [[lines of a drawing]], [[picture]], etc., [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]'' 1146 (of [[tapestry]]), Theoc.15.81; [[picture]], Ἀπέλλεω γ. Herod.4.73, cf. ''AP'' 6.352 (Erinna): sg., [[drawing]], [[picture]], Pl.''R.''472d, ''Cra.''430e, cf. 431c: pl., [[figure]]s in a [[picture]], Procop.Gaz.''Ecphr.''p.157B.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[written character]], [[letter]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.139, 148, etc.: in plural, [[letter]]s, [[character]]s, γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''460; πηλίκοις γράμματα ''Ep.Gal.''6.11; the [[letter]]s, the [[alphabet]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.58; τὰ γράμματα καὶ τὰς συλλαβάς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''390e; γ. Φοινίκια [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''514; [[Ἀσσύρια]], [[Ἑλληνικά]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.87; γράμματα [[ἐπίστασθαι]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''689d; [[μαθεῖν]] to have [[learn]]t to [[read]], Id.''Prt.'' 325e; γράμματα μὴ εἰδέναι ''SIG''2844.6; <b class="b3">ἐδίδασκες γράμματα, ἐγὼ δ' ἐφοίτων</b> you kept [[school]]—I went there, D.18.265; ἤτοι τέθνηκεν ἢ διδάσκει γ. ''Com.Adesp.''20; [[παιδεύειν]] γράμματα Arist.''Pol.''1337b24; <b class="b3">τέχνη ἡμῶν γράμματα</b> our [[profession]] is that of the [[scribe]], PTeb.316.16 (i A. D.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[articulate sound]], [[letter]], Pl.''Phlb.''18c; τὰ γράμματα πάθη ἐστὶ τῆς φωνῆς Arist.''Pr.''895a12; <b class="b3">γράμματα φθέγγεσθαι</b> ib.8, cf. ''PA''660a5.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">παρὰ γράμμα λέγοντα… σκοπεῖν</b> [[etymologically]], Id.''MM''1185b39; [[τὰ παρὰ γράμμα σκώμματα]] = [[pun]]s, Id.''Rh.''1412a28; but <b class="b3">ἀρετὴν παρὰ γ. διώκοντες</b>, with ref. to [[Νικαρέτη]], the [[mistress]] of [[Stilpo]], Crates Theb.1.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[inscription]], τὸ Δελφικὸν γράμμα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''229e, cf. ''Chrm.''164d, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.24, etc., ''IG'' 2.2876, al.: [[proverb|prov.]], εἰς [[πέλαγος]] [[σπέρμα]] [[βαλεῖν]] καὶ γράμματα γράψαι [[ἀμφότερος]] [[μόχθος]] τε κενὸς καὶ [[πρᾶξις]] [[ἄκαρπος]] = [[throwing]] [[seed]]s and [[writing]] [[letter]]s at sea are both a [[vain]] and [[fruitless]] [[endeavour]] ''Epigr.Gr.''1038.8 (Attalia).<br><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, [[note]]s in [[music]], ''AP''11.78 (Lucill.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[mathematical]] [[diagram]], Epigr. ap. D.L.8.12.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[letter]] [[inscribe]]d on the lots which the [[δικασταί]] drew, Ar.''Pl.''277, al., Arist.''Ath.''64.4; practically, = [[division]] of [[dicast]]s, ἐν ὁποίῳ γράμματι δειπνεῖ Ar.''Ec.''683; <b class="b3">ἁ κατὰ γράμμα φυλακά</b> the [[roster]] of [[guard]]s, ''SIG''569.21 (Cos, iii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[quarter]]s of a [[town]], ''PRein.''49.2; [[accent]], EM240.42, Zonar.<br><span class="bld">5</span> a small weight, ''1''/24 [[ounce]], [[scruple]], Androm. ap. Gal.13.114, ''Gp.''7.13.2, ''PLips.''62 ii 27 (iv A. D.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> in plural, [[set of written characters]], [[piece of writing]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.124: hence, [[letter]], Id.5.14, ''IG''22.103.8, etc.; γραμμάτων πτυχαί [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''144, cf. E.''IT''594, al., Pl.''Ep.''347c; [[inscription]], [[epitaph]], etc., ἐκόλαψε ἐς τὸν τάφον γράμματα λέγοντα τάδε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.187, cf. 4.91, And.3.12, Theoc.18.47, ''IG''3.751.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[paper]]s, [[document]]s, Antipho 1.30, D.36.21, etc. (sg., D.Chr.65.14); <b class="b3">τούτων τὰ γράμματα</b> the [[document]]s to [[prove]] this, Lys.32.14; τὰ γράμματα τῆς δίκης Ar.''Nu.''772; <b class="b3">τὰ δημόσια γράμματα</b> the [[public]] [[record]]s, Decr. ap. D.18.55; [[title]]-[[deed]]s, D.C.65.14; [[account]] of [[loan]]s, D.49.59; [[ἐπικαρπία]]ν ἐν γράμμασιν [[ἀποφέρειν]] Pl. ''Lg.''955d; [[contract]] or [[estimate]], ''BCH''46.323 (Teos); [[catalogue]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.4.12: in sg., [[bond]], Ev. Luc.16.7; [[note of hand]], J.''AJ''18.6.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> a man's [[writings]], i.e. [[book]], [[treatise]], τὰ τοῦ Ζήνωνος γράμματα Pl.''Prm.''127c (but sg., ib.128a): pl., [[book]]s, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.1; Πλάτωνος τὸ περὶ ψυχῆς γράμμα Call.''Epigr.''25, cf. ''AP''9.63 (Asclep.), Gal.18(2).928; <b class="b3">τὰ ἱερὰ γράμματα</b> = the [[Holy Scriptures]], ''OGI''56.36 (iii B. C.), Ph.2.574, ''2 Ep.Ti.''3.15, J.''Ap.''1.10; <b class="b3">ἱερὰ γράμματα</b> = [[imperial]] [[rescript]]s, IG12(5).132 (Paros, iii A. D.); = [[hieroglyphics]], ''OGI''90.54 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): in sg., the [[law|Law]] of [[Moses]], ''Ep.Rom.''2.27, al.; opp. [[πνεῦμα]], ib.29: sg., [[article]] of a [[treaty]], Th. 5.29.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[law]]s or [[rule]]s, Pl.''R.''425b, ''Plt.''292a, al., Ar.''Ec.''1050; κατὰ γράμματα [[ἄρχειν]], opp. [[ἄνευ]] γραμμάτων [[ἄρχειν]], Pl.''Plt.''293a; ἡ κατὰ γράμματα καὶ νόμους [[πολιτεία]] Arist.''Pol.''1286a15, cf. 1272a38: <b class="b3">οἱ κατὰ γράμματα νόμοι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθη νόμοι</b>, ib.1287b5, cf. Pl.''Plt.''299d; κατὰ γράμματα [[ἰατρεύεσθαι]] Arist.''Pol.''1287a34; ἡ ἐκ τῶν γραμμάτων [[θεραπεία]] ib.40.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> in plural, also, [[letter]]s, [[learning]], ἀπείρους γραμμάτων Pl.''Ap.''26d, etc.