imperium: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>impĕrĭum</b>: (inp-), ĭi, n. [[impero]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[command]], [[order]], [[direction]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[mostly]] ante-class. and [[post]]-Aug.): si [[quid]] [[opus]] est, impera: [[imperium]] exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.: [[nunc]] pergam eri [[imperium]] exsequi, id. ib. 1, 1, 106: eri imperia persequi, id. ib. 2, 1, 75: [[imperium]] exsequi, id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22: [[obsequens]] obediensque est mori [[atque]] imperiis patris, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1: tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret, id. As. 1, 2, 21: [[malus]] et [[nequam]] est [[homo]], qui [[nihili]] [[imperium]] eri Sui [[servus]] facit, id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10: [[quod]] hi [[neque]] ad concilia veniebant [[neque]] imperio parebant, Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.: [[imperium]] neglegere, id. ib. 5, 7, 7: [[neque]] ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant, id. ib. 2, 22 fin.: imperio Jovis huc [[venio]], Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.: et Jovis [[imperium]] et cari praecepta parentis Edocet, id. ib. 5, 747: imperiis deūm [[propalam]] expositis, Liv. 8, 6, 12: [[quidam]] (pueri) imperia indignantur, Quint. 1, 3, 6: aegri [[quoquo]] neglecto medentium imperio, etc., Plin. [[Pan]]. 22, 3: elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia, Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1: naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc., Juv. 15, 138: cujus paruit imperiis, id. 14, 331.<br /><b>II</b> Transf., the [[right]] or [[power]] of [[commanding]], [[authority]], [[command]], [[control]] (freq. and [[class]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo [[hercle]], si [[quid]] imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15: [[Appius]] et [[caecus]] et [[senex]] tenebat non [[modo]] auctoritatem sed [[etiam]] [[imperium]] in suos, Cic. de Sen. 11, 37: reges in ipsos [[imperium]] est Jovis, Hor. C. 3, 1, 6: eone es [[ferox]], [[quia]] habes [[imperium]] in beluas? Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25: [[mater]], cujus sub imperio'st, [[mala]], id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta [[ilico]]. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! [[quisquis]] es, i. e. authorilatively, [[imperiously]], id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19: domesticum, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140: ([[Juppiter]]) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit [[unus]] [[aequo]], Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.: sed me jussa deūm ... Imperiis egere suis, Verg. A. 6, 463: [[Phyllius]] [[illic]] Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos, Ov. M. 7, 373: agricolae habent rationem cum [[terra]], quae [[numquam]] recusat [[imperium]], Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In publicists' lang., [[supreme]] [[power]], [[sovereignty]], [[sway]], [[dominion]], [[empire]] (cf.: [[principatus]], [[dominatus]], [[regnum]]; [[potestas]], [[potentia]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing.: Tarquinio dedit [[imperium]] [[simul]] et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.: navorum [[imperium]] servare est induperantum, id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and: [[ipse]] ([[Numa]] rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit, Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; 20; 21: [[homo]] dominandi [[cupidus]] aut imperii [[singularis]], [[sole]] [[dominion]], id. ib. 1, 33: singulare et [[potestas]] [[regia]], id. ib. 2, 9: esse [[consul]] cum summo imperio et potestate, id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.: cum summo imperio et potestate versari, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31: qui (App. [[Claudius]]) tum erat summo imperio, id. Fin. 2, 20, 66: omne [[imperium]] nostri [[penes]] singulos esse voluerunt, id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32: de imperio Caesaris ... gravissime decernitur, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4: [[imperium]] [[extra]] ordinem [[dare]], Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25: [[quod]] [[imperium]] potest esse praestantius [[quam]], etc., id. Rep. 1, 17: eos qui [[antea]] commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari, id. Lael. 15, 54: ad deponendum [[imperium]] tardior esse, id. Rep. 2, 12: expertes imperii, id. ib. 1, 31: deponentium [[imperium]] tyrannorum, Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.: sub populi Romani [[imperium]] dicionemque cadere, Cic. Font. 1, 2; so, [[with]] [[dicio]], Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.: [[Gallia]] sub populi Romani [[imperium]] redacta, id. ib. 5, 29, 4: totam ad [[imperium]] populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35: majestas est in imperio [[atque]] in omni populi Romani dignitate, Quint. 7, 3, 35: cum duobus ducibus de imperio in [[Italia]] decertatum est, [[Pyrrho]] et Hannibale, Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.: de imperio dimicare, id. Off. 1, 12, 38: [[spes]] diuturnitatis [[atque]] imperii, id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.: sedem et domum summo imperio praebere, id. ib. 2, 5 fin.: [[quod]] [[ipse]] suae civitatis [[imperium]] obtenturus esset, Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6: civitati [[imperium]] totius provinciae pollicetur, id. ib. 7, 64 fin.: cum [[abunde]] [[expertus]] esset [[quam]] [[bene]] umeris tuis sederet [[imperium]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 10 fin.: auctoritate [[magis]] [[quam]] imperio regere, Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.: nec illum pro imperio submovere posse ... [[quia]] ita dicatur: si [[vobis]] videtur, discedite, [[Quirites]], id. 2, 56, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: nec [[vero]] imperia expetenda ac [[potius]] aut non accipienda [[interdum]] aut deponenda [[nonnumquam]], i. e. [[public]] offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: (cives) mandant imperia, id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.: honores, [[magistratus]], imperia, potestates, [[opes]] amicitiae anteponere, id. Lael. 17, 63: cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc., id. Rep. 1, 44: ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc., id. Fam. 3, 7, 5: vides tyranni satellites in imperiis, id. Att. 14, 5, 2: [[quod]] praestare dicant Gallorum [[quam]] Romanorum imperia perferre, [[dominion]], [[government]], Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3: qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant, id. ib. 2, 1, 3: imperia legum potentiora [[quam]] hominum, Liv. 2, 1, 1. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Hence, transf., concr.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dominion, [[realm]], [[empire]] (esp. freq. [[since]] the Aug. per.): duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: jam ipsa [[terra]] ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret, id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.: [[nostrum]], id. ib. 3, 29; cf.: finium imperii nostri [[propagatio]], id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29: fines imperii propagavit, id. Rep. 3, 12: [[imperium]] Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, Verg. A. 1, 287: per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad [[ortus]] Solis ab Hesperio cubili, Hor. C. 4, 15, 14: adjectis Britannis Imperio, id. ib. 3, 5, 4: quem vocet [[divum]] [[populus]] ruentis Imperi rebus? id. ib. 1, 2, 26; 1, 37, 8: immensum imperii [[corpus]] [[stare]] ac librari [[sine]] rectore non potest, Tac. H. 1, 16: reges socii, membra partesque imperii, Suet. Aug. 48: breviarium totius imperii, id. ib. 101: [[rationarium]] imperii, id. ib. 28: imperii fines Tiberinum natare, Juv. 8, 265: noverat luxuriam imperii veterem, i. e. of the Roman [[court]], id. 4, 137.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Trop., [[rule]], [[control]] ([[very]] [[rare]] [[but]] [[class]].): illud vide, si in animis hominum [[regale]] [[imperium]] [[sit]], unius [[fore]] dominatum, consilii [[scilicet]], Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.: [[imperium]] judiciorum [[tenere]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77: coactae imperio [[sexus]], i. e. the [[ambition]], Juv. 6, 135.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Law t. t., the [[jurisdiction]] or [[discretion]] of a [[magistrate]]: omnia [[autem]] judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur, Gai. Inst. 4, 103: [[ideo]] [[autem]] imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, [[quia]] [[tamdiu]] valent, [[quamdiu]] is qui ea praecepit [[imperium]] habet, id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Milit., the [[chief]] [[command]], [[command]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing.: victum [[atque]] expugnatum [[oppidum]] est Imperio [[atque]] auspicio Amphitruonis [[maxime]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis [[summa]] imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5: delatam sibi summam imperii, Suet. Ner. 3: censet [[enim]] [[etiam]] ex iis, qui cum imperio sint, Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3: nostri imperii [[dignitas]], id. ib. 1, 7, 4: [[novem]] annis, quibus in imperio fuit, Suet. Caes. 25: legionum curam et [[imperium]] alicui demandare, id. ib. 76: alicui [[imperium]] prorogare, id. Tib. 30: imperii [[tempus]] explere, id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a [[military]] or [[civil]] [[command]], Suet. Tib. 12: qui dabat [[olim]] [[imperium]], fasces, etc., Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: mandant (cives) imperia, [[magistratus]], i. e. [[military]] and [[civil]] commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.: [[magistratus]], imperia, amicitiae anteponere, id. Lael. 17, 63; so opp. [[magistratus]], Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, [[commanding]] officers, commanders, generals: imperia, potestates, legationes, [[quom]] [[senatus]] creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9: nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam, Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum [[provincia]], differta praefectis [[atque]] exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Acc. to [[imperator]], II. B. 3.) The [[imperial]] [[government]], the [[government]]: [[tandem]] [[quasi]] [[coactus]] recepit [[imperium]], Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.