τόνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ([[τείνω]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[that by which a thing is stretched]], or [[that which can itself be stretched]], [[cord]], [[brace]], [[band]], <b class="b3">οἱ τ. τῶν κλινέων</b> the [[cords]] of beds or chairs, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.118, cf. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''532 (anap.), Philippid.12, ''Michel'' 832.48 (Samos, iv B.C.); sg., [[bedcords]], Ar.''Lys.''923; ὠμολίνου μακροὶ τόνοι A.''Fr.''206; <b class="b3">ἐκ τριῶν τ.</b> of three [[plies]] or [[strands]], of ropes, X.''Cyn.''10.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in animals, [[τόνοι]] are [[sinews]] or [[tendons]], Hp.''Art.''11 (= [[nerves]] acc. to Gal.18(1).380):—of pneumogastric [[nerves]], Ruf.''Onom.''158.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in machines, [[twisted skeins of gut in torsion-engines]], Ph.''Bel.''65.34, al., Hero ''Bel.''83.4, Plu.''Marc.'' 15.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in the [[γαστραφέτης]], = [[αἱ ἐκ τῶν ἄκρων κάμψεις]], Hero ''Bel.'' 75.7.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in dockyard equipment, ὑποζωμάτων τέτταρας τόνους ἐγ νεωρίων ''IG''22.1673.12; <b class="b3">τ. αἰχμάλωτοι</b> ib.1610.23; <b class="b3">τ. αἰχμάλωτος ἀδόκιμος</b> ib.1613.282.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[row]] or [[line]] of pillars, ib.1668.48.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[stretching]], [[tightening]], [[straining]], [[strain]], [[tension]], ὁ τ. τῶν ὅπλων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.36; [[power of contracting muscles]], Sor.1.112; τ. καὶ ῥώμη Id.2.48; <b class="b3">τὸν τῆς ὁλκῆς τ. ὑπεκλῦσαι</b> diminish the [[strength]] of the pull, ib. 61.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of sounds, [[raising]] of the voice, Aeschin.3.209,210, D.18.280, Phld.''Lib.''p.19 O., etc.: hence,<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[pitch]] of the voice, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 617b, Arist.''Phgn.''807a17, etc.; including [[volume]], τόνοι φωνῆς· ὀξύ, βαρύ, μικρόν, μέγα X.''Cyn.''6.20; <b class="b3">κλαυθμυρίσαι μετὰ τόνου τοῦ προσήκοντος</b>, of a new-born baby, Sor.1.79; τῷ αὐτῷ τ. εἰπεῖν Arist.''Rh.'' 1413b31; ἐν τ. ἀνιεμένοις καὶ βαρέσι Id.''Aud.''804a26; <b class="b3">τὴν φωνὴν καὶ τὸν τ. ἐξάραντα</b> Hieronym. ap. D.H.''Isoc.''13 (cf. Phld.''Rh.''1.198 S.); σῴζειν τὸν τ. Longin.9.13: pl., Phld.''Rh.''1.196S.; of a musical instrument, Plu.2.827b, etc.; [[diatonic scale]], APl.4.220 (Antip.): metaph. of colour, '[[values]]', Plin.''HN''35.29.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[pitch]] or [[accent]] of a word or syllable, Arist.''Rh.''1403b29, D.T.629.27, A.D.''Pron.''8.8, al., Gal.16.495 (the meaning of the Adv. [[τόνῳ]] mentioned by A.D. ''Adv.''167.2 is not given by him (= [[λίαν]], [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]); [[τόνῳ]], = [[μετὰ προθυμίας ἰσχυρᾶς]], was read by Gal. (16.585) in Hp.''Prorrh.''1.36 (<b class="b3">ξὺν τόνῳ</b> or <b class="b3">ξὺν πόνῳ</b> codd.Hp.)).<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[measure]] or [[metre]], ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ τ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.47,62, 5.60; ἐν τριμέτρῳ τ. Id.1.174.<br><span class="bld">d</span> in Musical writers, [[key]], Aristox.''Harm.''2p.37M., Plu.2.1134a, 1135a, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[mental]] or [[physical exertion]], <b class="b3">τ. ἀμφ' ἀρετῆς</b>, i.e. in praising it, Xenoph.1.20; [[bodily energy]], ἰσχὺς καὶ τ. Luc.''Anach.''25, cf. 27; <b class="b3">συστρέψαι τὸν τ.</b> (by massage) Gal.6.91: generally, [[force]], [[intensity]], Plu.''Demetr.''21, 2.563f, etc.; τ. ὀργῆς Id.''Brut.''34; τ. πνεύματος Luc.''Dem.Enc.''7; <b class="b3">ὁ τ. τῆς φαρμακείης</b> its [[efficiency]], Hp.''Ep.''16; <b class="b3">τ. δυνάμεων</b>, title of a work by Heras, Gal.13.416; τ. σοφιστικός Eun.''VS''p.497B.<br><span class="bld">4</span> in Stoic Philos., '[[tension]]', [[force]], in Nature and Man, πληγὴ πυρὸς ὁ τόνος ἐστί, κἂν ἱκανὸς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γένηται πρὸς τὸ ἐπιτελεῖν τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντα, ἰσχὺς καλεῖται καὶ κράτος Cleanth.Stoic.1.128; ὁ ζωτικὸς τ. ''Stoic.''2.235, Gal.6.321; αἰσθητικὸς τ. ''Stoic.''2.215; <b class="b3">συνεκτικὸς τ.</b> the [[tension]] which holds the universe together, ib.134.<br><span class="bld">III</span> metaph., [[tenor of one's way]], [[course]], εὐθὺν τ. τρέχειν Pi.''O.''10(11).64; ἕνα τόνον ἔχειν Plu.''Dem.''13.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[quarter]] of a city, ''IG''12(5).872.36, al. (Tenos).