μάλα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[μᾰλᾰ; but Hom. sometimes uses the ult. long before λ, Il.3.214, 4.379; before μ, 10.172], Adv.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[very]], [[exceedingly]], prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs:<br><span class="bld">1</span> strengthening the word with which it stands,<br><span class="bld">a</span> with Adjs., in Hom. most freq., [[μάλα πολλά]] = [[very]] [[many]], Od.1.1; [[μάλα πᾶσα]], [[μάλα πάντα]], [[every one]], [[all together]], Il.13.741, Od.2.306, etc.; μάλ' [[ἀσκηθής]] = [[all]] [[unhurt]], 5.26; [[ἀβληχρός|ἀβληχρὸς]] μάλα τοῖος = [[quite]] [[gentle]], 11.135; [[σαρδάνιον μάλα τοῖον]] a [[quite]] [[sardonic]] [[smile]], 20.302; μάλα μυρίοι 15.556, 16.121, etc.; [[ἐμέο πρότερος μάλα]] = [[actually]] [[before]] me, Il.10.124; later, [[μάλα φιλόσοφοι]], [[πλάτανος]] μάλ' [[ἀμφιλαφής]], etc., Pl.''Prm.''126b, ''Phdr.''230b, etc.: strengthened, μάλα δὴ [[πρεσβύτης]] [[very]] [[old]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.1; μάλα γέ τινες ὀλίγοι Pl.''R.''531e.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with Advs., [[πάγχυ μάλα]], [[μάλα πάγχυ]], [[quite]] [[utterly]], Il.12.165, 14.143; πάνυ μάλα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''80c; [[εὖ μάλα]] [[right]] well, Od.22.190, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''92d, etc.; μάλα… εὖ Od.23.175, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''156a; [[μάλ' αὐτίκα]] (v. [[αὐτίκα]]) ; [[μάλ' αἰεί]] = [[for ever and aye]], Il.13.557, 23.717; [[ἄχρι]] μάλα [[κνέφαος]] [[until]] [[quite]] [[dark]], Od.18.370; [[μάλ' ὧδε]] = [[just in this way]], 6.258; μάλα [[διαμπερής|διαμπερές]] = [[right]] [[through]], Il.20.362; [[μάλα μόλις]] (v. [[μόλις]]); to [[express]] [[repeated]] [[action]], μάλ' [[αὖθις]] [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''1345, ''Ch.''654; μάλ' αὖ S.''El.''1410, etc.; [[μάλα]] alone, ἔα, ἔα μάλα A.''Ch.''870; οἲ μάλα καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ Id.''Pers.''1045 (lyr.); εἶα μάλα Ar.''Pax'' 460sq. (so ἄλλος πύργος... καὶ ἕτερος μάλα ἐπὶ τούτῳ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.181, cf. 7.186): freq. after καί, αὗταί σ' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' [[ἀσμένως]] [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''728, cf. ''Ch.''879: with neg., [[μάλ' οὐ]], [[μάλ' οὔ πως]], Il.2.241, Od. 5.103; οὐ μάλα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.93, 2.37, S.''Ph.''676 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">c</span> with Verbs, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε Il.10.249; μάλα τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ 1.218; ἡ δὲ μάλ' [[ἡνιοχεύω|ἡνιόχευεν]] = drove [[carefully]], Od.6.319; μάλα… προπέμπει = [[in earnest]], A.''Th.''915 (lyr.), cf. ''Eu.''368 (lyr.); καὶ μάλα δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.1.36; μάλα πολιορκούμενοι Id.''HG''7.1.25.<br><span class="bld">2</span> strengthening an assertion, νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ [[αἰχμητής|αἰχμητὴν]] ἔμεναι, i.e. [[now or never]], Il.16.492; τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε… = then [[doubtless]] he would have [[stay]]ed, Od.4.733; σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ = yes [[indeed]]... Il.10.108; ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλες = why [[plainly]]... Od.4.472: freq. with another word, as [[ἦ μάλα δή]]… [[now]] [[in very truth]], Il.5.422, etc.; ἦ δή που μάλα 21.583; freq. [[ἦ μάλα]] (without [[δή]]) 3.204, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in Hom. sometimes after [[εἰ]], as εἰ μάλα μιν [[χόλος]] ἵκοι = if [[wrath]] come on him [[ever so much]], Il.17.399, cf. Od.5.485, al.; καὶ εἰ μάλα τις πολεμίζοι Il.9.318; also [[μάλα περ]] c. part., [[μάλα περ μεμαώς]] = though desiring [[never so much]], 13.317, cf. 14.58, 17.710, al.; καὶ μάλα περ 1.217, cf. 17.571; καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα Od.18.385.<br><span class="bld">4</span> in Att. freq. in answers, [[yes]], [[certainly]], [[μάλα γε]] Pl.''R.''555d, 564e, etc.; μάλα τοι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.46; καὶ μάλα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 258c; καὶ μάλα γε Id.''Tht.''148c, etc.; [[καὶ μάλα δή]] ib.177a; καὶ μάλα ἐπαύσατο = [[certainly]] it [[stop]]ped, Id.''Smp.''189a, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Comp. [[μᾶλλον]] [ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.2.932], Ion. [[μάλιον]] [ᾰ] only in Tyrt.12.6, cf. Choerob.in ''An.Ox.''2.240; late Dor. [[μαλλότερον]] Pempel. ap. Stob.4.25.52:—[[more]], [[rather]], Il.5.231, Od.1.351, al.: mostly followed by [[ἤ]], but in Prose also by a gen., [[μᾶλλον]] τοῦ [[συμφέρον|ξυμφέροντος]] = [[more than]] is [[expedient]], Antipho 5.1; [[μᾶλλον]] τοῦ δέοντος Pl.''Grg.''487b, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.3.8 (sts. expressed by [[μᾶλλον]] alone, Pl. ''Phd.''63d); οὐπώποτ' ἔργου [[μᾶλλον]] εἱλόμην λόγους E.''Fr.''394; [[παντὸς μᾶλλον]] = [[most]] [[assuredly]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''715d (v. infr. 8); in Id.''Ap.''36d, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μᾶλλον πρέπει [[οὕτως]], [[ὡς]]... [[ὡς]] is prob. = [[ἤ]] (v. [[ὡς]]): denoting a [[constant]] [[increase]], [[more and more]], sometimes doubled, [[μᾶλλον]] [[μᾶλλον]] E.''IT''1406, Ar.''Ra.''1001 (lyr.), Alex.29: in positive sense, [[exceedingly]], [[κηρόθι]] μᾶλλον Il.9.300, Od.15.370, al.:—Usage:<br><span class="bld">1</span> freq. strengthened by other words, [[πολὺ μᾶλλον]] Il.9.700, etc.; [[ἔτι μᾶλλον]] 14.97, al.; [[μᾶλλον]] ἔτ' ἢ τὸ [[πάροιθεν]] Od.1.322; καὶ [[μᾶλλον]] Il.8.470; [[καὶ μᾶλλον]] ἔτι Od.18.22; [[ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον]] Pi.''P.''10.57; [[ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον]] Il.23.386, 429, Hes.''Th.''428; [[ἐπὶ μᾶλλον]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.104; [[ἔτι ἐπὶ μᾶλλον]] Id.1.94; [[πολλῷ μᾶλλον]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''80e, ''1 Ep.Cor.''12.22: also modified, [[μᾶλλόν τι]] = [[somewhat more]], [[μᾶλλον]] τι περιημέκτεε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.114, cf.50, etc.; [[μᾶλλον]] ἤδη προσδεχομένου Th.8.71.<br><span class="bld">2</span> sometimes with a second Comp., ῥηΐτεροι μᾶλλον Il.24.243, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.32, A.''Th.''673, ''Supp.''279, S.''Ant.''1210, E.''El.''222, Pl. ''Phd.''79e, Is.4.14 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]), Arist.''Top.''116b24.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[μᾶλλον δέ]] = [[much]] [[more]]... or [[rather]]... to correct a statement already made, ὁ [[δεσπότης]] πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μμᾶλλον δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός Ar.''Pl.''634; πολλοί, μᾶλλον δὲ πάντες D.18.65, cf. Pl.''Smp.''173e; so [[ἢ μᾶλλον]] Corn.''ND''20, Simp.''in Ph.''25.16; [[οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἤ]]… = [[not so, but rather]] so... Th.2.87.<br><span class="bld">4</span> μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα = [[more]] or [[less]] [[violent]], Id.3.82.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[οὐδὲν μᾶλλον]] = [[none the more]], ib.79; οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''87d; [[μηδέν τι μᾶλλον ἤ]]… [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''280.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[μᾶλλον ἤ]]… followed by [[οὐ]] in comparisons, where preference implies [[rejection]] or [[denial]], πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Th.3.36: preceded by another neg., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.118, 5.94, 7.16. γ, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force, τίδεῖ… [[μᾶλλον]], [[ἤ]] [[οὐ]]…; X.''HG''6.3.15.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[τὸ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον]], a form of [[argument]], [[a fortiori]], Arist.''Rh.''1397b12.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[παντὸς μᾶλλον]], v. [[πᾶς]] ΙΙΙ.4.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Sup. [[μάλιστα]] = [[most of all]], [[above all]], Hom., etc.; πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' [[ἐμοί]] Od.21.353; [[μάλιστα]] μὲν... [[ἔπειτα]] or [[ἔπειτα]] [[δέ]]... [[first and above all]]... [[next]]... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''647, cf. ''Ph.''1285; [[μᾶλλον μὲν... δεύτερον δὲ]]… Is.2.20; [[μᾶλλον μὲν... εἰ δὲ μὴ]]… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.22, Th.1.40, Pl.''R.''590d, D.20.25, etc.; τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μάλιστα μὲν [[θάνατος]], εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι Id.21.152; μάλιστα μὲν... μᾶλλον [[μέντοι]]… Pl.''Smp.''180b; [[μάλιστα... εἰ μὴ δ']]… S.''Ph.''617; δοκέων μιν μάλιστα ταύτης ἂν [[πείθεσθαι]] = [[certainly]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.53; [[τί μάλιστα]]; = what [[precisely]]? Pl.''Grg.''448d, cf. ''Men.''80b, ''Smp.''218c: c. gen. partit., μάλιστα πάντων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.37, Pl.''Prt.''327a, cf. Th. 4.86; [[τὸ μάλιστα πάντων]] the [[supreme]] [[reality]], Plot.5.5.11; [[τὸ μάλιστα εἶναι]] the [[highest degree]] of being, Id.6.2.7.<br><span class="bld">1</span> strengthened, [[ὡς μάλιστα]] = [[certainly]], A.''Supp.''294, Pl.''R.''460a, etc.; ὅσον μάλιστα [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''524; ὅσα ἐδύνατο μάλιστα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.185; ὡς δύναμαι μάλιστα Pl.''R.''367b; ὡς οἷόν τε μάλιστα Id.''Grg.''510b; εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μάλιστα Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''277a; ὅτι μάλιστα δύνασαι Id.''Sph.''239b; μακρῷ μάλιστα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.171; πολλῷ μάλιστα Paus.1.42.3; παντὸς μάλιστα D.H.3.35, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with the Art., [[ἐς τὰ μάλιστα]] = [[in the highest degree]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.20, 2.76, Th.6.104, 8.6, D.21.212: without [[ἐς]], φίλοι τὰ μάλιστα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.147, cf.Th. 1.92, D.21.62; τά γε μάλιστα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''794d; εἰ τὰ μάλιστα ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς = if they were [[ever]] [[so]] [[true]], D.18.95; εἰ τὰ μάλιστα μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες… if (to put an [[extreme]] [[case]]) not some, but all... Id.20.2; εἰ… δοκοίη τὰ μάλιστα Id.18.21; ἀνὴρ [[δόκιμος]] ὁμοῖα τῷ μάλιστα = as [[famous]] as he that is [[most]] [famous], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.118, cf. 3.8; τοῖς μάλισθ' [[ὁμοίως]] D.''Ep.''2.24.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα]] = [[especially]], [[as much as any]], Th.8.90, Pl.''Smp.''173b, etc.: with a Sup., ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα ὠμότατος Ael.''VH''14.40; φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Procop.''Arc.''4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> added to a Sup. (v. [[μάλα]] ΙΙ.2, [[πλεῖστον]]), [[ἔχθιστος]] μάλιστα, μάλιστα [[φίλτατος]], Il.2.220, 24.334; μάλιστα κῃ ἐμφερέστατα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.76; μάλιστα [[φίλτατος]] E.''Hipp.''1421: to a Comp. (?), μάλιστα δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο Th.4.55.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[μάλιστα]] for [[μᾶλλον]], μάλιστα τῆς κόρης E.''IA''[1594]; μάλιστα ἤ [[ἐμοί]] A.R.3.91.<br><span class="bld">5</span> with numerals, [[in round numbers]], [[about]], Th.3.29, 92, X.''HG''5.2.31, etc.; [[πεντήκοντα]] μάλιστα is 49 in Th.1.118; ἑκατοστὸς μάλιστα 99th, Id.8.68; ἐς [[μέσον]] μάλιστά κῃ = [[about]] the [[middle]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.191, cf. 76; [[ἥμισυ]] μάλιστα Th.1.93; μάλιστα σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας = that they were [[about]] the [[middle]] of [[supper]], Pl.''Smp.''175c; κου μάλιστα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.22; μάλιστα πως Plb.2.41.13.<br><span class="bld">6</span> in answers, [[most certainly]], Ar.''Pl.''827, etc.; [[μάλιστα γε]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''994, Ar.''Nu.''253; μάλιστα πάντων Id.''Av.''1531; πάντων μάλιστα Pl.''Grg.''453d; v. supr.1.4. (Orig. perhaps [[fiercely]], cf. [[μαλερός]].)