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ἥρως: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=ὁ (also ἡ in signf. <span class="bibl">111</span>), gen. <b class="b3">ἥρωος</b> (<b class="b3">ἥρως</b> codd. in <span class="bibl">Od.6.303</span>, fort. leg. <b class="b3">ἥρωος</b>), <span class="title">IG</span>22.1641.6 (iv B.C.), etc.; also <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἥρω <span class="bibl">D.19.249</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.1191 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Paus.10.4.10</span>: dat. <b class="b3">ἥρωϊ</b>, mostly in form ἥρῳ <span class="bibl">Il.7.453</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.483</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.174.18</span>, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">D.43.66</span>: acc. ἥρωα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>738d</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>3.810 (ἥρωα <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>774 (Priene)); usu. in form ἥρω <span class="title">IG</span>2.1058.25 (iv B.C.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391d</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.2.766</span>, etc., also ἥρων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.167</span>:—Plur., nom. <b class="b3">ἥρωες</b> (ω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.58</span>), rarely contr. <b class="b3">ἥρως</b>, as in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>304</span>: dat. ἥρωσιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>55</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1485</span>; ἡρώνεσσι <span class="bibl">Sophr.154</span>: acc. <b class="b3">ἥρωας</b> (ω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.53</span>), rarely <b class="b3">ἥρως</b>, as in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>516</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>4</span>:—<b class="b2">hero</b>, <b class="b3">ἥρωες Δαναοί, Ἀχαιοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.110</span>,<span class="bibl">19.34</span>; στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων <span class="bibl">Od.1.101</span>; <b class="b3">ἡρώων ἀγοράς</b>, of the Phaeacians, <span class="bibl">7.44</span>; ἥρῳ Δημοδόκῳ <span class="bibl">8.483</span>; οἱ ἡγεμόνες τῶν ἀρχαίων μόνοι ἦσαν ἥρωες, οἱ δὲ λαοὶ ἄνθρωποι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 932b18</span>, but cf. Il. cc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the Fourth Age of men</b>, between <b class="b3">δαίμονες</b> and <b class="b3">ἄνθρωποι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>172</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>398c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">heroes, as objects of worship</b>, ἥ. ἀντίθεοι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.53</span>,<span class="bibl">4.58</span>; <b class="b3">ἥ. θεός</b>, of Heracles, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>3.22</span>; but [Ἡρακλέϊ] τῷ μὲν ὡς Ὀλυμπίῳ θύουσι, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ ὡς ἥρωι ἐναγίζουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>; <b class="b3">Σίσυφος ἥ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.711</span>; twice in <span class="bibl">A., <span class="title">Ag.</span>516</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>55</span>; once in <span class="bibl">E., <span class="title">Fr.</span>446</span>(lyr.); οὔτε θεοὺς οὔθ' ἥρωας αἰσχυνθεῖσα <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.27</span>; esp. of <b class="b2">local deities</b>, founders of cities, patrons of tribes, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.168</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.87</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>l.c., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1332b18</span>, etc.; at Athens, <b class="b3">ἥ. ἐπώνυμοι</b> <b class="b2">heroes</b> after whom the <b class="b3">φυλαί</b> were named, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.5.1</span>,<span class="bibl">2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.66</span>; of historical persons to whom divine honours were paid, as Brasidas at Amphipolis, <span class="bibl">Th.5.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.114</span>,<span class="bibl">7.117</span>: hence,= Lat. <b class="b2">divus</b>, <b class="b3">ἥρωα ἀπεδείξατε [τὸν Αὔγουστον</b>] <span class="bibl">D.C.56.41</span>; also,= <span class="title">Lares</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.14</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ κατ' οἰκίαν ἥ</b>.,= <b class="b2">Lar familiaris</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> later,= <b class="b3">μακαρίτης</b>, <b class="b2">deceased</b>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Hld.7.13</span>: pl., <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1390: freq. in Inscrr., ἥρως χρηστέ, χαῖρε <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).806, cf. 14.223, etc.; even of women, ib.9(2).961 (Larissa), al.; <b class="b3">θεοῖς ἥρωσι</b>,= <b class="b2">Dis Manibus</b>, ib.14.1795 (Rome), etc.; ὑβρίσαντας τοὺς ἥρωας τῶν τέκνων ἡμῶν <span class="title">SIG</span>1243.23 (Acraeph.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">ἥ. ποικίλος</b>, = [[στιγματίας]], Hsch., Phot. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">βοῦς ἥ</b>., = [[ἡγεμών]], <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.32. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> v. [[Ἥρων]].</span> | |Definition=ὁ (also ἡ in signf. <span class="bibl">111</span>), gen. <b class="b3">ἥρωος</b> (<b class="b3">ἥρως</b> codd. in <span class="bibl">Od.6.303</span>, fort. leg. <b class="b3">ἥρωος</b>), <span class="title">IG</span>22.1641.6 (iv B.C.), etc.; also <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἥρω <span class="bibl">D.19.249</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.1191 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Paus.10.4.10</span>: dat. <b class="b3">ἥρωϊ</b>, mostly in form ἥρῳ <span class="bibl">Il.7.453</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.483</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.174.18</span>, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">D.43.66</span>: acc. ἥρωα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>738d</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>3.810 (ἥρωα <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>774 (Priene)); usu. in form ἥρω <span class="title">IG</span>2.1058.25 (iv B.C.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391d</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.2.766</span>, etc., also ἥρων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.167</span>:—Plur., nom. <b class="b3">ἥρωες</b> (ω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.58</span>), rarely contr. <b class="b3">ἥρως</b>, as in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>304</span>: dat. ἥρωσιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>55</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1485</span>; ἡρώνεσσι <span class="bibl">Sophr.154</span>: acc. <b class="b3">ἥρωας</b> (ω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.53</span>), rarely <b class="b3">ἥρως</b>, as in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>516</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>4</span>:—<b class="b2">hero</b>, <b class="b3">ἥρωες Δαναοί, Ἀχαιοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.110</span>,<span class="bibl">19.34</span>; στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων <span class="bibl">Od.1.101</span>; <b class="b3">ἡρώων ἀγοράς</b>, of the Phaeacians, <span class="bibl">7.44</span>; ἥρῳ Δημοδόκῳ <span class="bibl">8.483</span>; οἱ ἡγεμόνες τῶν ἀρχαίων μόνοι ἦσαν ἥρωες, οἱ δὲ λαοὶ ἄνθρωποι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 932b18</span>, but cf. Il. cc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the Fourth Age of men</b>, between <b class="b3">δαίμονες</b> and <b class="b3">ἄνθρωποι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>172</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>398c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">heroes, as objects of worship</b>, ἥ. ἀντίθεοι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.53</span>,<span class="bibl">4.58</span>; <b class="b3">ἥ. θεός</b>, of Heracles, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>3.22</span>; but [Ἡρακλέϊ] τῷ μὲν ὡς Ὀλυμπίῳ θύουσι, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ ὡς ἥρωι ἐναγίζουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>; <b class="b3">Σίσυφος ἥ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.711</span>; twice in <span class="bibl">A., <span class="title">Ag.</span>516</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>55</span>; once in <span class="bibl">E., <span class="title">Fr.</span>446</span>(lyr.); οὔτε θεοὺς οὔθ' ἥρωας αἰσχυνθεῖσα <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.27</span>; esp. of <b class="b2">local deities</b>, founders of cities, patrons of tribes, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.168</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.87</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>l.c., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1332b18</span>, etc.; at Athens, <b class="b3">ἥ. ἐπώνυμοι</b> <b class="b2">heroes</b> after whom the <b class="b3">φυλαί</b> were named, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.5.1</span>,<span class="bibl">2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.66</span>; of historical persons to whom divine honours were paid, as Brasidas at Amphipolis, <span class="bibl">Th.5.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.114</span>,<span class="bibl">7.117</span>: hence,= Lat. <b class="b2">divus</b>, <b class="b3">ἥρωα ἀπεδείξατε [τὸν Αὔγουστον</b>] <span class="bibl">D.C.56.41</span>; also,= <span class="title">Lares</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.14</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ κατ' οἰκίαν ἥ</b>.,= <b class="b2">Lar familiaris</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> later,= <b class="b3">μακαρίτης</b>, <b class="b2">deceased</b>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Hld.7.13</span>: pl., <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1390: freq. in Inscrr., ἥρως χρηστέ, χαῖρε <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).806, cf. 14.223, etc.; even of women, ib.9(2).961 (Larissa), al.; <b class="b3">θεοῖς ἥρωσι</b>,= <b class="b2">Dis Manibus</b>, ib.14.1795 (Rome), etc.; ὑβρίσαντας τοὺς ἥρωας τῶν τέκνων ἡμῶν <span class="title">SIG</span>1243.23 (Acraeph.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">ἥ. ποικίλος</b>, = [[στιγματίας]], Hsch., Phot. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">βοῦς ἥ</b>., = [[ἡγεμών]], <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.32. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> v. [[Ἥρων]].</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1176.png Seite 1176]] ωος, ὁ, dat. p. auch ἥρῳ, Il. 7, 453 Od. 8, 483, wie Ar. Av. 1490 u. Plat. com. bei Ath. X, 442 a; ἥρωος ist Od. 6, 303 ein Dactylus; einen gen. ἥρω haben erst Sp., wie Paus. 10, 4, 10, denn bei Dem. 19, 249, wo Bekker τοῦ Ἥρω τοῦ ἰατροῦ für die vulg. l. ἥρωος liest, ist es als nom. pr. zu betrachten; acc. ἥρω, die eigtl. att. Form nach Thom. Mag.; doch steht ἥρωα bei Plat. Legg. V, 738 d; vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. p. 159; mit verkürztem ω steht ἥρωα Ep. ad. 291 b (App. 376); bei Her. 1, 167 ἥρων, was auch aus Ar. anführt Schol. Il. 13, 428; acc. plur. ἥρωας, att. auch [[ἥρως]]; für den nom. wird diese Form von den Grammatikern aus Ar. angeführt. Nach Plat. Crat. 398 c von [[ἔρως]] od. ἔρειν, nach alten Grammatikern von ἔρα od. ἀήρ, Alles unrichtig; vgl. Ἥρα, Herr, bes. in der Sprache des Nibelungenliedes. Ursprünglich der <b class="b2">Herr, der freie Mann</b>, bes. als ehrende Anrede an die Soldaten, ἥρωες [[Δαναοί]], ἥρωες Ἀχαιοί, Il. 2, 110, wo ein Schol. mit Recht bemerkt, daß alle Kämpfer, Mannen, angeredet werden, nicht bloß die Könige, s. Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 101; Iliad. 19, 34 (vo der Schol. zu vgl.). 41. 78 Od. 1, 101 u. öfter. Bes. freilich die Edlen, durch Geburt, Macht, Tapferkeit Ausgezeichneten, vgl. Arist. probl. 19, 49 οἱ δὲ ἡγεμόνες τῶν ἀρχαίων μόνοι ἥρωες, οἱ δὲ λαοὶ ἄνθρωποι; aber auch der Sänger Demodokus heißt so, 8, 483, u. ein Herold Mulios, 18, 423, u. die nicht kriegerischen Phäaken heißen 7, 44 ἥρωες, freie Herren; Linos, Theocr. 24, 105. – Wie aber schon Hom. Kämpfer der Vorzeit ἡμιθέων [[γένος]] ἀνδρῶν nennt, Il. 12, 23, u. der Mensch gern die scüheren Zeiten als in jeder Beziehung höher u. vollkommner darstellt, so bildet sich der Begriff des [[ἥρως]] zu einem über das gewöhnliche Maaß des Menschlichen hinausgehenden Helden, von denen Hes. O. 174 die vor Theben u. Ilios Gefallenen nach den Inseln der Seligen versetzt, wo sie als selige Heroen einen wesentlichen Vorzug vor anderen Menschenkindern genießen, vgl. 158 ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων [[θεῖον]] [[γένος]], οἳ καλέονται ἡμίθεοι; sie erscheinen dann als eine Zwischenstufe zwischen Menschen u. Göttern, als Halbgötter, die eine eigene Verehrung genießen, bes. die von einem Gotte u. einer sterblichen Frau Erzeugten; so ist [[ἥρως]] [[θεός]] Herakles Pind. N. 3, 21; ἀντίθεοι ἥρωες P. 3, 58; so Aesch. τὴν δευτέραν δὲ κρᾶσιν ἥρωσιν [[νέμω]], frg. 46; der Herold erwähnt Ag. 502 nach den anderen Göttern [[ἥρως]] τε τοὺς πέμψαντας; ähnlich Ar. Av. 881 u. sonst; mit den Göttern zusammen angerufen, Thuc. 2, 74; Lycurg. 1; Isocr. 14, 60; ἐγχώριοι Din. 1, 64, wie Thuc. 4, 87 u. A.; θεοί, ἥρωες, ἄνθρωποι stehen neben einander Antiph. 1, 27; θεοῦ παῖδά τε καὶ ἥρω vrbdt Plat. Rep. III, 391 d; θεὸν ἢ δαίμονα ἤ τινα ἥρωα Legg. V, 738 d; δαίμονες καὶ ἥρωες καὶ ἄνθρωποι Crat. 397 d (vgl. über die den Göttern näher stehenden Dämonen Hes. O. 124. 254); Luc. D. Mort. 3, 2 erkl. ὃ [[μήτε]] ἄνθρωπός ἐστι [[μήτε]] θεὸς καὶ συναμφότερόν ἐστι. Bes. sind es einzelner Landschaften, Städte u. s. w. Schutzgottheiten, als welche die Gründer u. ersten Anbauer von den dankbaren Nachkommen angenommen wurden; so in Athen die ἥρωες ἐπώνυμοι, nach denen die Phylen benannt waren; sie hatten kleinere Tempel od. Kapellen, ἡρῷα, u. Feste, Arist. pol. 7, 11, 4. Vgl. noch Her. 1, 168. 5, 114. 6, 38. 69. 7, 43. 117. 8, 38; Thuc. 5, 11. – Bei D. Hal. 4, 14 sind ἥρωες προνώπιοι die lares der Römer; – Sp. = [[μακαρίτης]], der Selige, der Verstorbene, Alciphr. 3, 37; Heliod. 7, 13; daher auch für das röm. divus, D. C. 56, 41. | |||
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