servus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>servus</b>: (-ŏs), i, m., and [[serva]], ae, f.,<br /><b>I</b> a [[slave]], [[servant]], [[serf]], serving-[[man]]; a [[female]] [[slave]], [[maid]]-[[servant]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Masc. (syn.: [[famulus]], [[mancipium]]), Enn. ap. Non. 471, 19 (Com. v. 5 Vahl.); [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: servi, ancillae, id. ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; cf.: [[Ulixes]] domi [[etiam]] contumelias servorum ancillarumque pertulit, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113: [[servus]] [[armiger]], Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39: [[dotalis]], id. As. 1, 1, 72: [[frugi]], id. Aul. 4, 1, 1: [[graphicus]] et quantivis pretii, id. Ep. 3, 3, 29: [[nequam]] et [[malus]], id. Poen. 5, 2, 70: [[scelestus]], [[infidelis]], id. Trin. 2, 4, 126: [[peculiosus]], id. Rud. 1, 2, 24: [[peculiaris]], id. Capt. prol. 20: [[fallax]], Ov. Am. 1, 15, 17: [[servus]] a pedibus, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: a manu, Suet. Caes. 74: aliquem servum sibi habere ad manum, Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225: publici, [[public]] slaves, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 13, 4; Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Liv. 9, 29 fin. et saep.; cf. Dig. 1, 5, 5.—Prov.: [[quot]] servi, tot hostes, Sinn. [[Capito]] ap. Fest. s. v. [[quot]], p. 261 Müll.; cf. Sen. Ep. 47, 3; Macr. S. 1, 11 med.—Esp.: poenae [[servus]], a [[slave]] of [[punishment]], i. e. condemned to [[servile]] [[labor]], Just. Inst. 1, 12, 3; Dig. 48, 19, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop.: vidit [[enim]] eos, qui se judiciorum dominos dici volebant, harum cupiditatum esse servos, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: [[neque]] tam servi [[illi]] dominorum, [[quam]] tu libidinum, id. ib. 2, 4, 50, § 112: omnium libidinum servi, Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 1: [[adulescens]] libertorum suorum [[libertus]] servorumque [[servus]], Vell. 2, 73, 1: [[servus]] potestatis, Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. also the [[doubtful]] [[reading]]: legum omnes servi sumus ut [[liberi]] esse possimus, id. Clu. 53, 146 ([[where]] B. and K. [[have]] omnes servimus).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Fem. ([[mostly]] anteclass. for [[ancilla]]): servae sint istae an liberae, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 62: ego [[serva]] [[sum]], id. Cist. 4, 2, 99; id. Pers. 4, 4, 63; id. Poen. 5, 4, 31: [[serva]] [[nata]], id. Rud. 1, 3, 37: servum servaque natum [[regnum]] occupasse, Liv. 1, 47 fin.: [[serva]] [[Briseis]], Hor. C. 2, 4, 3 et saep.<br /><b>servus</b>: a, um, adj. referred by the ancients to [[servo]]: servi ex eo appellati sunt, [[quod]] imperatores servos vendere, ac per hoc servare, nec occidere solent, Just. Inst. 1, 3, 3; [[but]] prob. from [[root]] svar-; Lith. svaras, a [[weight]]; cf. Gr. [[ἕρμα]]>; O. H. Germ. swari, [[burdensome]]; Germ. schwer, [[heavy]]; cf. also [[serius]],<br /><b>I</b> [[slavish]], [[servile]], [[subject]].<br /><b>I</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> With [[homo]] (= 2. [[servus]]; [[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].): non [[decet]] superbum esse hominem servom, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64; id. Mil. 2, 6, 80; id. Stich. 1, 2, 1; 5, 4, 10; id. Ep. 1, 1, 58; 3, 1, 7; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 62.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With [[other]] subjects (not freq. [[till]] [[after]] the Aug. per.): [[octo]] milia liberorum servorumque [[capitum]] sunt [[capta]], Liv. 29, 29: corpori, [[quod]] servum [[fortuna]] erat, vim fecit, id. 38, 24: Graeciae urbes servae et vectigales (opp. liberae), id. 34, 58: [[civitas]], id. 25, 31: [[Lacedaemon]], id. 34, 41: [[serva]] [[manus]], Ov. F. 6, 558: o imitatores, servum [[pecus]]! Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 19: [[serva]] [[aqua]], i. e. servorum, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 26; cf. Petr. 71: servam operam, linguam liberam [[herus]] me jussit habere, Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 9: omnia non [[serva]] et [[maxime]] regna hostilia ducunt (Romani), Sall. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch: reges [[serva]] omnia et subjecta imperio suo esse velint, Liv. 37, 54; 42, 46: statu libera [[quicquid]] peperit, hoc servum heredis est, Dig. 40, 7, 16.—<br /><b>II</b> Jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., [[liable]] to [[certain]] burdens, [[subject]] to a [[servitude]]: libera (praedia) meliore jure sunt [[quam]] [[serva]], Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9: [[fundus]], Dig. 8, 6, 6: [[aedes]], ib. 8, 2, 35: [[area]], ib. 8, 2, 34 al.; cf. [[servio]], II. B., and [[servitus]], II B.—Hence,>