anima: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>ănĭma</b>: ae, f. (<br /><b>I</b> gen. animāï, Lucr. 1, 112; 3, 150 et saep.; cf. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 12; Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 29; dat. and abl. plur. regul. animis, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; Lact. Inst. 6, 20, 19; 7, 2, 1; Arn. 2, 18; 2, 30; 2, 33; Aug. Civ. Dei, 13, 18; 13, 19; id. Ver. Relig. 22, 43: animabus, [[only]] in eccl. and [[later]] Lat., Vulg. Exod. 30, 12; ib. Psa. 77, 18; ib. Matt. 11, 29; ib. Heb. 13, 17 et saep.; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 34; id. Anim. 33 al.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 23; Prud. c. Symm. 1, 531; Aus. Rer. Odyss. 11; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 136 al.; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 29) [v. [[animus]], pr. [[that]] [[which]] blows or breathes; [[hence]],<br /><b>I</b> Lit., [[air]], a [[current]] of [[air]], a [[breeze]], [[wind]] ([[mostly]] [[poet]].): ne [[quid]] animae [[forte]] amittat dormiens, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23 sq.: [[vela]] ventorum animae immittere, Att. ap. Non. p. 234, 9 (Trag. Rel. p. 137 Rib.): aurarum leves animae, Lucr. 5, 236: prece quaesit Ventorum [[pavidus]] paces animasque secundas, he [[anxiously]] implores a [[lull]] in the winds and a favoring [[breeze]], id. 5, 1229: impellunt animae lintea, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2: Ne dubites [[quin]] haec animaï turbida [[sit]] vis, Lucr. 6, 693: Quantum ignes animaeque valent (of the [[wind]] in the [[workshop]] of [[Vulcan]]), Verg. A. 8, 403.—Also of a [[flame]] of [[fire]] (blowing [[like]] the [[air]]): noctilucam [[tollo]], ad focum [[fero]], [[inflo]]; [[anima]] reviviscit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 234, 5.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., the [[air]], as an [[element]], [[like]] [[fire]], [[water]], and [[earth]] ([[mostly]] [[poet]].): [[aqua]], [[terra]], [[anima]] et sol, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 1: qui [[quattuor]] ex rebus posse omnia rentur, Ex igni, terrā [[atque]] animā, procrescere et imbri, Lucr. 1, 715: ut, quem ad modum [[ignis]] animae, sic [[anima]] aquae, quodque [[anima]] aquae, id [[aqua]] terrae proportione redderet. Earum [[quattuor]] rerum etc., Cic. Tim. 5: [[utrum]] ([[animus]]) [[sit]] [[ignis]], an [[anima]], an [[sanguis]], id. Ac. 2, 39, 124: si [[anima]] est ([[animus]]), [[fortasse]] dissipabitur, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 24; 1, 25, 6: si [[deus]] aut [[anima]] aut [[ignis]] est, [[idem]] est [[animus]] hominis, id. ib. 1, 26, 65: [[animus]] ex inflammatā animā [[constat]], ut potissimum videri [[video]] Panaetio, id. ib. 1, 18, 42: Semina terrarumque animaeque, Verg. E. 6, 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> The [[air]] inhaled and exhaled, [[breath]] (concr.); [[while]] [[spiritus]] denotes orig. [[breathing]] (abstr.; [[very]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]); cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136: excipiat animam eam, quae ducta [[sit]] spiritu, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 44: animam compressi, aurem admovi, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28 Ruhnk.: animam recipe, [[take]] [[breath]], id. Ad. 3, 2, 26: cum [[spiritus]] ejus (sc. Demosthenis) esset angustior, [[tantum]] continendā animā in dicendo est assecutus, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: ne [[circuitus]] [[ipse]] verborum [[sit]] longior [[quam]] [[vires]] [[atque]] [[anima]] patiatur, id. ib. 3, 49, 191; 3, 46, 181; id. N. D. 2, 54, 136: fetida [[anima]] nasum oppugnat, Titin. ap. Non. p. 233, 5 (Com. Rel. p. 136 Rib.); Caecil. ib. 9: qui non [[modo]] animum integrum, sed ne animam [[quidem]] puram conservare potuisset, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58: animas et [[olentia]] [[Medi]] Ora fovent [[illo]], [[with]] this the Medes [[correct]] [[their]] [[breath]], etc., Verg. G. 2, 134: [[respiramen]] iterque Eripiunt animae, Ov. M. 12, 143; cf. id. F. 1, 425: animae [[gravitas]], [[bad]] [[smell]] of the [[breath]], Plin. 20, 9, 35, § 91; cf. id. 11, 37, 72, § 188; 22, 25, 64, § 132 al.: artavit clusitque animam, Luc. 4, 370; so Tac. A. 6, 50: [[spes]] illorum [[abominatio]] animae, Vulg. Job, 11, 20.—Of [[breath]] exhaled: inspirant graves animas, Ov. M. 4, 498.— Of the [[air]] breathed [[into]] a [[musical]] [[instrument]], a [[breath]] of [[air]], Varr. ap. Non. p. 233. 13.—Since [[air]] is a [[necessary]] [[condition]] of [[life]],<br /> The [[vital]] [[principle]], the [[breath]] of [[life]]: [[animus]] est, quo sapimus, [[anima]], quā vivimus, Non. p. 426, 27 ([[hence]] [[anima]] denotes the [[animal]] [[principle]] of [[life]], in [[distinction]] from [[animus]], the [[spiritual]], [[reasoning]], [[willing]] [[principle]]; [[very]] freq. in Lucr. and [[class]].): Mater est [[terra]], ea parit [[corpus]], animam [[aether]] adjugat, Pac. ap. Non. p. 75, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 88 Rib.): [[tunc]] cum primis ratione sagaci, Unde [[anima]] [[atque]] animi constet [[natura]], videndum, [[whence]] [[spring]] [[life]] and the [[nature]] of the [[mind]], Lucr. 1, 131; 3, 158 sq.; so id. 3, 417 sq.; 3, 565; 3, 705; 2, 950; 4, 922; 4, 944; 4, 959; 6, 798; 6, 1223; 6, 1233 et saep.: [[deus]] [[totus]] est sensuus, [[totus]] visuus, [[totus]] audituus, [[totus]] animae, [[totus]] animi, [[totus]] sui, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14 Jan: quaedam (animantia) animum habent, quaedam [[tantum]] animam, Sen. Ep. 58: [[anima]] [[omnis]] [[carnis]] in [[sanguine]] est, Vulg. Lev. 17, 14 al.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., [[life]]: cum [[anima]] [[corpus]] liquerit, Att. Trag. Rel. p. 214 Rib.: Animae [[pauxillulum]] in me habet, Naev. Com. Rel. p. 14 Rib.: Date [[ferrum]], quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 37 Rib.): me dicabo [[atque]] animam devōvo (i. e. devovero) hostibus, Att. ap. Non. p. 98, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.): conficit animam vis volneris, Att. Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.: adimere animam, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137; so id. Men. 5, 5, 7: exstinguere, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16: relinquere, id. ib. 3, 4, 52: edere, Cic. Sest. 38: de vestrā vitā, de conjugum vestrarum ac liberorum animā judicandum est, id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si [[tibi]] omnia sua [[praeter]] animam tradidit, id. Rosc. Am. 50: [[libertas]] et [[anima]] nostra in dubio est, Sall. C. 52, 6: [[pauci]], quibus relicta est [[anima]], clausi in tenebris, etc., id. J. 14, 15; cf. retinere, id. ib. 31, 20: de manu viri et fratris ejus requiram animam hominis, Vulg. Gen. 9, 5; ib. Matt. 2, 20; ib. 1 Cor. 14, 7: animam agere, to [[give]] up the [[ghost]], to [[die]], Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; so also efflare, to [[expire]], id. ib.; id. Mil. 18 fin.; Suet. Aug. 99; so, exhalare, Ov. M. 15, 528; and, exspirare, id. ib. 5, 106 (cf. in Gr. θυμὸν ἀποπνέειν, ψυχὴν ἐκπνέειν, βίον ἀποψύχειν, etc.): deponere, Nep. Hann. 1, 3: ponere, Vulg. Joan. 10, 17; 13, 27: amittere, Lucr. 6, 1233: emittere, Nep. Epam. 9, 3 Br. (so in Gr. ἀφιέναι τὴν ψυχήν): proicere, Verg. A. 6, 436: purpuream [[vomit]] [[ille]] animam, said of a wounded [[man]], id. ib. 9, 349.—In Vulg. Matt. 16, 25 and 26, [[anima]] in v. 25 seems to [[pass]] to the [[higher]] [[meaning]], [[soul]], (cf. [[infra]], II. D.) in v. 26, as ἡ [[ψυχή]] in the [[original]] also can do.—Poet.: [[anima]] amphorae, the fumes of [[wine]], Phaedr. 3, 1: Ni ego [[illi]] [[puteo]], si [[occepso]], animam omnem intertraxero, [[draw]] up all the [[life]] of [[that]] [[well]], i. e. [[draw]] it [[dry]], Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 41.—Trop.: [[corpus]] imperii unius praesidis nutu, [[quasi]] animā et mente, regeretur, Flor. 4, 3: [[accentus]] [[quasi]] [[anima]] vocis est, Pompon. p. 67 Lind.—Prov.: animam debere, to [[owe]] [[life]] itself, of one [[deeply]] in [[debt]]: [[quid]] si animam debet? Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56 (Graecum [[proverbium]]: καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ὀφείλει, [[Don]].).—Metaph., applied to plants and [[other]] things possessing organic [[life]], Sen. Ep. 58; so Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 152; 31, 1, 1, § 3; 14, 1, 3, § 16 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Meton]]., a [[creature]] endowed [[with]] [[anima]], a [[living]] [[being]]: ova parere solet [[genu]]' pennis condecoratum, non animam, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 18: hi (deos) fibris animāque litant, Stat. Th. 2, 246; Vulg. Gen. 2, 7; ib. Josh. 11, 11; ib. Luc. 9, 56; ib. Act. 2, 43 et saep.: animae rationis expertes, Lact. 3, 8.—So esp. of men (as we also [[say]] souls for persons; [[poet]]. or in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): egregias animas, quae [[sanguine]] nobis Hanc patriam peperere suo, etc., Verg. A. 11, 24: animae quales nec candidiores, etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 41; Luc. 5, 322: vos [[Treveri]] et ceterae servientium animae, [[ministering]] spirits, Tac. H. 4, 32.—So in enumerations in eccl. Lat.: hos genuit Jacob [[sedecim]] animas, Vulg. Gen. 46, 18; 46, 22; ib. Act. 2, 41; 7, 14.—Of slaves (eccl. Lat.): [[merces]] animarum hominum, Vulg. Apoc. 18, 13 ([[after]] the [[use]] of ἡ [[ψυχή]] and ). —Hence, also, souls separated from the [[body]], the shades of the Lower World, manes: Unde (ex Averno) animae excitantur, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37: tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus, Hor. C. 1, 10, 17; cf. id. S. 1, 8, 29: animamque sepulcro Condimus, Verg. A. 3, 67; Ov. M. 7, 612; so id. ib. 8, 488; 10, 41; 14, 411; 15, 158; Suet. Caes. 88; so, [[vita]]: tenuīs [[sine]] corpore vitas volitare, Verg. A. 6, 292.—So in eccl. Lat. of departed spirits: timete eum, qui potest animam et [[corpus]] perdere in Gehennam, Vulg. Matt. 10, 28 bis: non derelinques animam meam in Inferno, ib. Act. 2, 27; ib. Apoc. 6, 9; 20, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As expressive of [[love]]: vos, meae carissimae animae, my dearest souls, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; 14, 18: Pro quā non metuam mori, Si parcent animae fata superstiti, the [[dear]] surviving [[life]], Hor. C. 3, 9, 12; cf.: animae [[dimidium]] meae, id. ib. 1, 3, 8: meae [[pars]] animae, id. ib. 2, 17, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Sometimes for [[animus]], as the [[rational]] [[soul]] of [[man]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> The [[mind]] as the [[seat]] of [[thought]] (cf. [[animus]], II. A.): [[anima]] rationis consiliique [[particeps]], Cic. N.D.1, 31, 87: [[causa]] in animā sensuque meo [[penitus]] affixa [[atque]] insita, id. Verr. 2, 5, 53: ingenii facinora, [[sicut]] [[anima]], immortalia sunt, Sall. J. 2, 2.—So [[often]] in eccl. Lat.: ad te Domine, levavi animam meam, Vulg. Psa. 24, 1; 102, 1; 118, 129: magnificat [[anima]] mea Dominum, ib. Luc. 1, 46; ib. Act. 15, 24 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> As the [[seat]] of [[feeling]] (cf. [[animus]], II. B.): sapimus [[animo]], fruimur animā: [[sine]] [[animo]] [[anima]] est [[debilis]], Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 29 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.): desiderat [[anima]] mea ad te, Deus, Vulg. Psa. 41, 2: [[tristis]] est [[anima]] mea, ib. Matt. 26, 38; ib. Joan. 10, 27 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> For [[consciousness]] (cf. [[animus]], II. A. 3. and [[conscientia]], II. A.): cum perhibetur animam liquisse, Lucr. 3, 598; in this [[phrase]] [[animus]] is [[more]] [[common]].

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