anima

Latin > English

anima animae N F :: soul, spirit, vital principle; life; breathing; wind, breeze; air (element)

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

ănĭma: ae, f. (
I gen. animāï, Lucr. 1, 112; 3, 150 et saep.; cf. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 12; Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 29; dat. and abl. plur. regul. animis, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; Lact. Inst. 6, 20, 19; 7, 2, 1; Arn. 2, 18; 2, 30; 2, 33; Aug. Civ. Dei, 13, 18; 13, 19; id. Ver. Relig. 22, 43: animabus, only in eccl. and later Lat., Vulg. Exod. 30, 12; ib. Psa. 77, 18; ib. Matt. 11, 29; ib. Heb. 13, 17 et saep.; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 34; id. Anim. 33 al.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 23; Prud. c. Symm. 1, 531; Aus. Rer. Odyss. 11; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 136 al.; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 29) [v. animus, pr. that which blows or breathes; hence,
I Lit., air, a current of air, a breeze, wind (mostly poet.): ne quid animae forte amittat dormiens, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23 sq.: vela ventorum animae immittere, Att. ap. Non. p. 234, 9 (Trag. Rel. p. 137 Rib.): aurarum leves animae, Lucr. 5, 236: prece quaesit Ventorum pavidus paces animasque secundas, he anxiously implores a lull in the winds and a favoring breeze, id. 5, 1229: impellunt animae lintea, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2: Ne dubites quin haec animaï turbida sit vis, Lucr. 6, 693: Quantum ignes animaeque valent (of the wind in the workshop of Vulcan), Verg. A. 8, 403.—Also of a flame of fire (blowing like the air): noctilucam tollo, ad focum fero, inflo; anima reviviscit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 234, 5.—
II Transf.
   A In gen., the air, as an element, like fire, water, and earth (mostly poet.): aqua, terra, anima et sol, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 1: qui quattuor ex rebus posse omnia rentur, Ex igni, terrā atque animā, procrescere et imbri, Lucr. 1, 715: ut, quem ad modum ignis animae, sic anima aquae, quodque anima aquae, id aqua terrae proportione redderet. Earum quattuor rerum etc., Cic. Tim. 5: utrum (animus) sit ignis, an anima, an sanguis, id. Ac. 2, 39, 124: si anima est (animus), fortasse dissipabitur, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 24; 1, 25, 6: si deus aut anima aut ignis est, idem est animus hominis, id. ib. 1, 26, 65: animus ex inflammatā animā constat, ut potissimum videri video Panaetio, id. ib. 1, 18, 42: Semina terrarumque animaeque, Verg. E. 6, 32.—
   B The air inhaled and exhaled, breath (concr.); while spiritus denotes orig. breathing (abstr.; very freq. in prose and poetry); cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136: excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 44: animam compressi, aurem admovi, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28 Ruhnk.: animam recipe, take breath, id. Ad. 3, 2, 26: cum spiritus ejus (sc. Demosthenis) esset angustior, tantum continendā animā in dicendo est assecutus, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: ne circuitus ipse verborum sit longior quam vires atque anima patiatur, id. ib. 3, 49, 191; 3, 46, 181; id. N. D. 2, 54, 136: fetida anima nasum oppugnat, Titin. ap. Non. p. 233, 5 (Com. Rel. p. 136 Rib.); Caecil. ib. 9: qui non modo animum integrum, sed ne animam quidem puram conservare potuisset, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58: animas et olentia Medi Ora fovent illo, with this the Medes correct their breath, etc., Verg. G. 2, 134: respiramen iterque Eripiunt animae, Ov. M. 12, 143; cf. id. F. 1, 425: animae gravitas, bad smell of the breath, Plin. 20, 9, 35, § 91; cf. id. 11, 37, 72, § 188; 22, 25, 64, § 132 al.: artavit clusitque animam, Luc. 4, 370; so Tac. A. 6, 50: spes illorum abominatio animae, Vulg. Job, 11, 20.—Of breath exhaled: inspirant graves animas, Ov. M. 4, 498.— Of the air breathed into a musical instrument, a breath of air, Varr. ap. Non. p. 233. 13.—Since air is a necessary condition of life,
The vital principle, the breath of life: animus est, quo sapimus, anima, quā vivimus, Non. p. 426, 27 (hence anima denotes the animal principle of life, in distinction from animus, the spiritual, reasoning, willing principle; very freq. in Lucr. and class.): Mater est terra, ea parit corpus, animam aether adjugat, Pac. ap. Non. p. 75, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 88 Rib.): tunc cum primis ratione sagaci, Unde anima atque animi constet natura, videndum, whence spring life and the nature of the mind, Lucr. 1, 131; 3, 158 sq.; so id. 3, 417 sq.; 3, 565; 3, 705; 2, 950; 4, 922; 4, 944; 4, 959; 6, 798; 6, 1223; 6, 1233 et saep.: deus totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14 Jan: quaedam (animantia) animum habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen. Ep. 58: anima omnis carnis in sanguine est, Vulg. Lev. 17, 14 al.—Hence,
   2    In gen., life: cum anima corpus liquerit, Att. Trag. Rel. p. 214 Rib.: Animae pauxillulum in me habet, Naev. Com. Rel. p. 14 Rib.: Date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 37 Rib.): me dicabo atque animam devōvo (i. e. devovero) hostibus, Att. ap. Non. p. 98, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.): conficit animam vis volneris, Att. Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.: adimere animam, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137; so id. Men. 5, 5, 7: exstinguere, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16: relinquere, id. ib. 3, 4, 52: edere, Cic. Sest. 38: de vestrā vitā, de conjugum vestrarum ac liberorum animā judicandum est, id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit, id. Rosc. Am. 50: libertas et anima nostra in dubio est, Sall. C. 52, 6: pauci, quibus relicta est anima, clausi in tenebris, etc., id. J. 14, 15; cf. retinere, id. ib. 31, 20: de manu viri et fratris ejus requiram animam hominis, Vulg. Gen. 9, 5; ib. Matt. 2, 20; ib. 1 Cor. 14, 7: animam agere, to give up the ghost, to die, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; so also efflare, to expire, id. ib.; id. Mil. 18 fin.; Suet. Aug. 99; so, exhalare, Ov. M. 15, 528; and, exspirare, id. ib. 5, 106 (cf. in Gr. θυμὸν ἀποπνέειν, ψυχὴν ἐκπνέειν, βίον ἀποψύχειν, etc.): deponere, Nep. Hann. 1, 3: ponere, Vulg. Joan. 10, 17; 13, 27: amittere, Lucr. 6, 1233: emittere, Nep. Epam. 9, 3 Br. (so in Gr. ἀφιέναι τὴν ψυχήν): proicere, Verg. A. 6, 436: purpuream vomit ille animam, said of a wounded man, id. ib. 9, 349.—In Vulg. Matt. 16, 25 and 26, anima in v. 25 seems to pass to the higher meaning, soul, (cf. infra, II. D.) in v. 26, as ἡ ψυχή in the original also can do.—Poet.: anima amphorae, the fumes of wine, Phaedr. 3, 1: Ni ego illi puteo, si occepso, animam omnem intertraxero, draw up all the life of that well, i. e. draw it dry, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 41.—Trop.: corpus imperii unius praesidis nutu, quasi animā et mente, regeretur, Flor. 4, 3: accentus quasi anima vocis est, Pompon. p. 67 Lind.—Prov.: animam debere, to owe life itself, of one deeply in debt: quid si animam debet? Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56 (Graecum proverbium: καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ὀφείλει, Don.).—Metaph., applied to plants and other things possessing organic life, Sen. Ep. 58; so Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 152; 31, 1, 1, § 3; 14, 1, 3, § 16 al.—
   3    Meton., a creature endowed with anima, a living being: ova parere solet genu' pennis condecoratum, non animam, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 18: hi (deos) fibris animāque litant, Stat. Th. 2, 246; Vulg. Gen. 2, 7; ib. Josh. 11, 11; ib. Luc. 9, 56; ib. Act. 2, 43 et saep.: animae rationis expertes, Lact. 3, 8.—So esp. of men (as we also say souls for persons; poet. or in post-Aug. prose): egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis Hanc patriam peperere suo, etc., Verg. A. 11, 24: animae quales nec candidiores, etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 41; Luc. 5, 322: vos Treveri et ceterae servientium animae, ministering spirits, Tac. H. 4, 32.—So in enumerations in eccl. Lat.: hos genuit Jacob sedecim animas, Vulg. Gen. 46, 18; 46, 22; ib. Act. 2, 41; 7, 14.—Of slaves (eccl. Lat.): merces animarum hominum, Vulg. Apoc. 18, 13 (after the use of ἡ ψυχή and ). —Hence, also, souls separated from the body, the shades of the Lower World, manes: Unde (ex Averno) animae excitantur, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37: tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus, Hor. C. 1, 10, 17; cf. id. S. 1, 8, 29: animamque sepulcro Condimus, Verg. A. 3, 67; Ov. M. 7, 612; so id. ib. 8, 488; 10, 41; 14, 411; 15, 158; Suet. Caes. 88; so, vita: tenuīs sine corpore vitas volitare, Verg. A. 6, 292.—So in eccl. Lat. of departed spirits: timete eum, qui potest animam et corpus perdere in Gehennam, Vulg. Matt. 10, 28 bis: non derelinques animam meam in Inferno, ib. Act. 2, 27; ib. Apoc. 6, 9; 20, 4.—
   4    As expressive of love: vos, meae carissimae animae, my dearest souls, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; 14, 18: Pro quā non metuam mori, Si parcent animae fata superstiti, the dear surviving life, Hor. C. 3, 9, 12; cf.: animae dimidium meae, id. ib. 1, 3, 8: meae pars animae, id. ib. 2, 17, 5.—
   D Sometimes for animus, as the rational soul of man.
   a The mind as the seat of thought (cf. animus, II. A.): anima rationis consiliique particeps, Cic. N.D.1, 31, 87: causa in animā sensuque meo penitus affixa atque insita, id. Verr. 2, 5, 53: ingenii facinora, sicut anima, immortalia sunt, Sall. J. 2, 2.—So often in eccl. Lat.: ad te Domine, levavi animam meam, Vulg. Psa. 24, 1; 102, 1; 118, 129: magnificat anima mea Dominum, ib. Luc. 1, 46; ib. Act. 15, 24 al.—
   b As the seat of feeling (cf. animus, II. B.): sapimus animo, fruimur animā: sine animo anima est debilis, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 29 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.): desiderat anima mea ad te, Deus, Vulg. Psa. 41, 2: tristis est anima mea, ib. Matt. 26, 38; ib. Joan. 10, 27 et saep.—
   E For consciousness (cf. animus, II. A. 3. and conscientia, II. A.): cum perhibetur animam liquisse, Lucr. 3, 598; in this phrase animus is more common.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

ănĭma,⁷ æ, f. (cf. animus), souffle,
1 air : quæ spiritu in pulmones anima ducitur Cic. Nat. 2, 138, l’air que la respiration amène dans les poumons ; (animus) ex inflammata anima constat Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, (l’âme) est formée d’un air enflammé ; reciprocare animam Liv. 21, 58, 4, aspirer et expirer l’air (respirer) ; quiddam ex igni atque anima temperatum Cic. Nat. 3, 36, un composé de feu et d’air || souffle de l’air ; quæsit animas secundas Lucr. 5, 1229, il implore des souffles favorables ; impellunt animæ lintea Thraciæ Hor. O. 4, 12, 2, les souffles de Thrace gonflent les voiles
2 souffle, haleine : continendā animā Cic. de Or. 1, 261, en retenant (ménageant) son souffle ; animas et olentia Medi ora fovent illo (malo) Virg. G. 2, 134, les Mèdes parfument de cette pomme leur haleine et leurs bouches fétides
3 âme [principe de la vie], vie : animam edere, efflare, emittere, exhalare, expirare, etc., rendre l’âme, exhaler son âme (sa vie), mourir ; animam agere Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, être à l’agonie ; tantum in unius anima posuit, ut Cic. Mur. 34, il mit à si haut prix l’existence d’un seul homme que ; satis habebatis animam retinere Sall. J. 31, 20, il vous suffisait de garder la vie ; animam debere Ter. Phorm. 661, devoir jusqu’à son souffle de vie [être criblé de dettes] || [en parl. des animaux] dulces animas reddunt (vituli) Virg. G. 3, 495, (les jeunes taureaux) exhalent le doux souffle de la vie || [en parl. des plantes] quædam animam habent nec sunt animalia Sen. Ep. 58, 10, il y a des choses qui ont une âme, sans être du règne animal [c.-à-d. qui sont animées et vivent] || âme [terme de tendresse] : vos, meæ carissimæ animæ Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 2, vous, mes très chères âmes || âme (être, créature) ; Plotius et Varius Vergiliusque animæ quales neque candidiores terra tulit neque... Hor. S. 1, 5, 40, Plotius et Varius et Virgile, âmes (êtres) comme la terre n’en a jamais porté de plus pures, cf. Virg. En. 11, 24 ; vos, Treveri ceteræque servientium animæ Tac. H. 4, 32, vous, Trévires et tous les autres êtres (peuples) esclaves ; nos animæ viles Virg. En. 11, 372, nous autres, créatures de rien
4 âme par oppos. au corps] : numquam vidi animam rationis participem in ulla alia nisi humana figura Cic. Nat. 1, 87, jamais je n’ai vu d’âme raisonnable dans une autre forme que la forme humaine ; de immortalitate animæ Cic. Rep. 6, 3, sur l’immortalité de l’âme ; non interire animas Cæs. G. 6, 14, 5, [les druides enseignent] que les âmes ne meurent pas, cf. Sall. C. 2, 8 ; 2, 9 ; J. 2, 1 || âme [en tant que principe vital, distinct du corps, mais opposé à animus, siège de la pensée, comme dans Épicure τὸ ἄλογον s’oppose à τὸ λογικόν] : Lucr. 3, 35 ; 3, 136 ; 3, 166, etc. ; Sall. J. 2, 1 ; 2, 3 || les âmes des morts : Cic. Vat. 14 ; Lucr. 3, 627, etc.; Virg. En. 4, 242, etc.
     gén. arch. animāī Lucr. ; dat. abl. plur. animabus [décadence].

Latin > German (Georges)

anima, ae, f. (vgl. animus), eig. das Hauchende, Wehende; dah. die Luft, der Luftzug, Lufthauch, Wind, I) eig.: A) im allg.: aurarum leveis animae, Lucr.: impellunt animae lintea Thraciae, die Nordwinde, Hor.: quantum ignes animaeque valent, v. Blasebalg Vulkans, Verg.: anima (luftartig wehende Lichtflamme) reviviscit, Varr. sat. Men. 292.
B) insbes.: 1) die Luft, als Naturelement, im Gegensatz zum Feuer, Wasser usw., Cic. u. Verg. – 2) die eingeatmete Luft, der Atem, Hauch (in concr., dagegen spiritus, urspr. das Atmen in abstr., der Atem, der die Luft in Zügen einnimmt u. ausstößt, der Atemzug; vgl. Cic. de nat deor. 2, 54, 136), animam ducere, Cic., od. trahere, Plin., Atem holen: animam continere, Cic., od. comprimere, Plaut, fr. u. Ter., an sich halten: animam recipe, komm wieder zu dir, Ter.: anima foetida od. redolens, übelriechender Atem, Komik. u. Sen. rhet.: animae gravitas, Plin.: anima deficit, es entsteht Ohnmacht, Cels.
II) übtr.: A) das durch den Atem bedingte Lebensprinzip, der Lebenshauch, die Lebenskraft, der Lebensgeist, die Seele (u. zwar ist anima das rein tierische, animus hingegen das geistige, vernünftige, begehrende Lebensprinzip), I) eig.: a) übh., Lucr., Varr. u.a.: neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestia, weder eine geistige, noch eine physische (vom Leibe trennbare) Seele, Cic. (u. so neben animus b. Lucr. 3, 398. Iuven. 15, 149). – dah. von den abgeschiedenen Seelen, Geistern, Schatten in der Unterwelt, die Manen, b. Dichtern u. Suet. Caes. 88. – auch von Pflanzen u. andern organischen Stoffen, denen eine Seele als Grund der Selbstbewegung, des Wachsens beigelegt wird (vgl. Sen. ep. 58, 8), oft b. Plin.: anima amphorae, Weinduft, Phaedr.: scherzh., anima putei, v. Wasser, Plaut. – b) das tierische, physische Leben, sofern es durch das Vorhandensein der Seele im Leibe bedingt ist, animā se privare, Enn. fr.: anima corpus liquit, Acc. fr.: animam relinquam potius, will lieber sterben, Ter.: animam edere, Cic., od. efflare, Nep., od. exspirare od. effundere od. finire, Ov., od. dimittere, exhalare, Mart., od. deponere, Nep., od. dare, Verg., die Seele, das Leben aushauchen, -lassen = sterben: animam agere, in den letzten Zügen liegen, mit dem Tode kämpfen (s. ago no. 1, 2, a, β od. S. 262), Cic., Liv. u.a.: animam ducere (hinschmachten), Liv.: animam trahere (hinschleppen), Liv. u. Tac. (s. Weißenb. Liv. 3, 6, 8): dum anima est, solange er atmet od. lebt, Cic. – u. nach der Vorstellung, das Blut sei Sitz des Lebens, purpuream vomit animam, Verg.: sanguineae animae, Manil.; vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 2, 639; 9, 349. – animam debere (sprichw.), das Leben schuldig sein, von stark Verschuldeten, Ter. Phorm. 661. – 2) meton., ein mit anima versehenes Geschöpf, ein belebtes Wesen, ova parire, non animam, Enn. – v. vernünftigen Wesen, servientium animae, Tac.: imbelles animae, feige Seelen, Lucan. – u. als Liebkosungswort, Seele, vos, meae carissimae animae, Cic.: animae, quales neque candidiores terra tulit, Hor.: egregiae animae, Verg.
B) (wie animus) die vernünftige Seele des Menschen, der Geist (vgl. Kritz Sall. Iug. 2, 1. Cic. ecl. ind. in v.), anima rationis consiliique particeps, Cic.: ingenii facinora, sicut anima, immortalia sunt, Sall.: animae morte carent, Ov. – / a) Archaist. Genet. sing. animai, Enn. u. Lucr. – b) Dat. u. Abl. plur. b. Cicero usw. regelmäßig animis; bei Spät., bes. bei den Eccl. oft auch animabus, zB. Vulg. exod. 30, 12 u. 16 u.a. Augustin. de civ. dei 19, 23. Auson. perioch. Odyss. 11. Serv. Verg. Aen. 6, 136 u.a. Iul. Val. 3, 16 p. 117 (a) ed. Paris. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ Bd. 1. S. 45 u. Georges, Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 48.

Latin > Chinese

anima, ae. f. :: 靈魂 性命。氣息。風。 Animam comprimere 自禁氣息。Animam agere vel efflare 斷氣。Animam debet 無力還債。Foetet anima 口氣臭。Animae impellunt lintea 風吹帆。— putei 井水。