circum: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>circum</b>: [[properly]] acc. from [[circus]] = [[κίρκος]], adv. and prep., designates [[either]] an [[entire]] encompassing or [[surrounding]] of an [[object]], or a [[proximity]] [[only]] [[partially]] em. [[bracing]] or comprehending it,<br /><b>I</b> [[around]], [[about]], all [[around]], [[περί]], [[ἀμφί]]<br /><b>I</b> Adv.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Around, [[round]] [[about]], all [[around]], etc., [[πέριξ]]: furcas [[circum]] offigito, [[Cato]], R. R. 48, 2; Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg A 3, 230: [[quia]] ([[locus]]) vastis [[circum]] saltibus claudebatur, Tac. A. 4, 25: molli [[circum]] est ansas [[amplexus]] acantho, Verg. E. 3, 45: [[age]] tu [[interim]] Da [[cito]] ab Delphio Cantharum [[circum]], Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 33: quae [[circum]] essent [[opera]] tueri, Caes. B. C 2, 10: [[interea]] [[Rutuli]] portis [[circum]] omnibus [[instant]], Verg. A. 10, 118 (i. e. [[circumcirca]] fusi: nam [[modo]] [[circum]] [[adverbium]] loci est, Serv.): omnem, quae nuno .umida [[circum]] Caligat, nu. bem eripiam, id. ib. 2, 605; Tib. 1, 3, 77; 1, 5, 11. sed [[circum]] tutae sub moenibus urbis aquantur, [[round]] [[about]] under the walls, Verg. G 4, 193. faciundum haras quadratas [[circum]] binos [[pedes]], all [[around]], i. e. on [[every]] [[side]], [[two]] feet, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3 Schneid.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Strengthened [[with]] [[undique]] (in [[later]] Latin also [[sometimes]] written as one [[word]], [[circumundique]]), from [[everywhere]] [[around]], [[around]] on all sides: [[circum]] Undique convenere, Verg. A. 4, 416; Lucr. 3, 404: clausis [[circum]] [[undique]] portis, Stat. S. 2, 5, 13; 5, 1, 155; id. Th. 2, 228: oppositu [[circumundique]] aliarum aedium, Gell. 4, 5, 3; 13, 24, 1; 14, 2, 9; so [[with]] [[totus]] and [[omnis]], Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg. A. 10, 118.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of an [[incomplete]] [[circuit]], esp. of the [[part]] [[that]] meets the [[view]], lies on the [[hither]] [[side]], etc. (v. under II.): hostilibus [[circum]] litoribus, Tac. A. 2, 24: [[aestas]]... [[aperto]] [[circum]] pelago peramoena, id. ib. 4, 67: gentibus innumeris [[circum]] infraque relictis, Ov. M. 4, 668; Stat. Achill. 1, 56: [[corpus]] [[servans]] circumque supraque vertitur, id. Th. 9, 114; Albin. Carm. ap. Maecen. 46.<br /><b>II</b> Prep. [[with]] acc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Around, abow (implying a [[complete]] [[circuit]]): armillas [[quattuor]] facito, quas [[circum]] orbem indas, [[Cato]], R. R. 21, 4: [[terra]] [[circum]] axem se summā celeritate convertit, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; Quint. 2, 17, 19 Zumpt N. cr.: ligato [[circum]] [[collum]] sudario, Suet. Ner. 51: terque novas [[circum]] [[felix]] [[eat]] [[hostia]] [[fruges]], Verg. G. 1, 345: at [[genitor]] [[circum]] [[caput]] omne micantes Deposuit radios, Ov. M. 2, 40.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> As in adv. B., of an [[incomplete]] [[circuit]], [[about]], [[upon]], [[around]], [[near]]: [[capillus]] [[sparsus]], [[promissus]], [[circum]] [[caput]] Rejectus [[neglegenter]], Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 49: [[flexo]] [[circum]] cava tempora [[cornu]], Ov. M. 7, 313; 10, 116; 11, 159: tum [[Salii]] ad [[cantus]] incensa [[altaria]] [[circum]] adsunt, Verg. A. 8, 285: varios hic flumina [[circum]] Fundit [[humus]] flores, on the borders of the rivulets, id. E. 9, 40: urgeris turbā [[circum]] te stante, Hor. S. 1, 3, 135; cf. id. C. 2, 16, 33: [[circum]] renidentes [[Lares]], id. Epod. 2, 66; Verg. G. 2, 484; cf. Luc. 2, 557: [[illi]] indignantes Circum [[claustra]] fremunt, Verg. A. 1, 56: oras et litora [[circum]] errantem, id. ib. 3, 75.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Circum [[very]] freq. expresses, not a [[relative]] [[motion]] [[around]] a given [[central]] [[point]], [[but]] an absol. [[circular]] [[movement]], in [[which]] [[several]] objects named form [[separate]] points of a periphery, in, [[into]], [[among]]... [[around]], to... [[around]], etc.: te adloquor, Quae [[circum]] vicinos vages, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14: ego Arpini [[volo]] esse [[pridie]] Cal., [[deinde]] [[circum]] villulas [[nostras]] errare, not [[round]] [[about]] [[our]] villas, [[but]] in [[our]] villas [[around]], Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3; cf Hor. S. 1, 6, 58: tum [[Naevius]] pueros [[circum]] amicos dimittit, to friends [[around]], Cic. Quint. 6, 25; Suet. Ner. 47: cum praetorem [[circum]] omnia fora sectaretur, Cic. Verr 2, 2, 70, § 169: [[Apronius]] ducebat eos [[circum]] civitates, id. ib. 2, 3, 26, § 65: [[ille]] [[circum]] hospites cursabat, id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 41: lenonem [[quondam]] Lentuli concursare [[circum]] tabernas, id. Cat. 4, 8, 17: dimissis [[circum]] municipia litteris, Caes. B. C. 3, 22: [[circum]] oram maritimam misit, ut, etc., Liv. 29, 24, 9: [[legatio]] sub [[idem]] [[tempus]] in Asiam et [[circum]] insulas [[missa]], id. 42, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 64; id. Caes. 41; id. Calig. 28; 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281; id. Ep 1, 1, 49: et te [[circum]] omnes [[alias]] irata puellas Differet, to or [[among]] all the [[other]] maidens [[around]], Prop. 1, 4, 21—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> With the prevailing [[idea]] of neighborhood, [[vicinity]], in the [[environs]] of, in the [[vicinity]] of, at, [[near]]: [[circum]] haec loca commorabor, Cic. Att. 3, 17, 2; Pompei ib. 8, 12, C, 1 exercitu in [[foro]] et in omnibus templis, quae [[circum]] [[forum]] sunt, conlocato, Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10: urbes, quae [[circum]] Capuam sunt, id. Agr. 1, 7, 20: cum tot essent [[circum]] hastam illam, id. Phil. 2, 26, 64 Wernsd. N. cr.: non succurrit [[tibi]], [[quamdiu]] [[circum]] [[Bactra]] haereas? Curt. 7, 8, 21, Tac. A. 4, 74. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> Of persons [[who]] [[surround]] one (as attendants, friends, etc.); in Gr.περι or [[ἀμφί]] τινα: paucae, quae [[circum]] illam essent, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 33; Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4: omnium flagitiorum [[atque]] facinorum [[circum]] se [[tamquam]] stipatorum catervas habebat, Sall. C. 14, 1; cf. id. ib. 26, 4: Hectora [[circum]], Verg. A. 6, 166.—Circum [[pedes]] for ad [[pedes]], of servants in [[attendance]], is [[rare]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; v ad, I. D. 3. b.—!*? Circum is [[sometimes]] placed [[after]] its subst., Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Müll., Lucr 1, 937; 4, 220; 6, 427; Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Verg. E. 8, 12; 8, 74; 9, 40; id. A. 1, 32; 2, 515; 2, 564; 3, 75: 6, 166; 6, 329; 9, 440; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 1, 5, 51; Stat. Th. 3, 395.—<br /><b>III</b> In [[composition]] the m [[remains]] unchanged [[before]] [[consonants]]; [[before]] [[vowels]] it [[was]], acc. to Prisc. p. 567 P., and Cassiod. p. 2294 ib., written in [[like]] [[manner]], [[but]] ([[except]] [[before]] j and v) not [[pronounced]]. Yet in the [[best]] MSS. we [[find]] the orthography [[circuitio]], [[circuitus]], and [[even]] [[circueo]] [[together]] [[with]] [[circumeo]]; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 736 sq. —Signif.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Acc. to II. A.: [[circumcido]], [[circumcludo]], [[circumculco]], [[circumfluo]], [[circumfodio]], [[circumfundo]], etc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Acc. to II. B.: [[circumcolo]], [[circumflecto]], circumjaceo, [[circumicio]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Acc. to II. C.: circumcellio, [[circumcurso]], [[circumduco]], [[circumfero]], [[circumforaneus]].—In [[many]] compounds, [[circum]] has [[sometimes]] one and [[sometimes]] [[another]] signif., as in [[circumdo]], [[circumeo]], [[circumsisto]], etc.; v. h. vv.—!*? With verbs compounded [[with]] [[circum]], this preposition is [[never]] [[repeated]] [[before]] the [[following]] [[object]]; e. g. circumcursare [[circum]] aliquid and [[similar]] phrases are not [[found]].

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