sive: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>sīve</b>: (old orthog. SEIVE, Tab. Bantin. l. 6; and [[hence]], by [[apocope]], [[like]] neu, from [[neve]], NEIVE). seu (the [[latter]] form [[very]] [[rare]] in Cic.; [[more]] freq. in Cæs.; as freq. as [[sive]] in the poets),<br /><b>I</b> conj. [si-ve], a disjunctive conditional [[particle]], or if = vel si.<br /><b>I</b> Put [[once]], preserving the conditional signif. of the si (cf., on the [[other]] [[hand]], [[infra]], II. B. 2.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> After a [[preceding]] si ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].): si vivimus [[sive]] morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 384 Vahl.): si media nox est, [[sive]] est prima [[vespera]], Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 4: si ista [[uxor]] [[sive]] [[amica]] est, Ter. And. 1, 3, 11: si nocte [[sive]] [[luce]], si [[servus]] [[sive]] [[liber]] faxit, Rogat. ap. Liv. 22, 10: si arborum trunci, [[sive]] naves essent a barbaris missae, Caes. B. G. 4, 17 fin.: si ego [[volo]] seu [[nolo]], Plaut. Cist. 3, 14: si movero me, seu secari sensero, id. Merc. 2, 2, 40: si speras ... seu [[tibi]] confidis, etc., id. Rud. 3, 2, 19; Val. Fl. 1, 837: si te, etc. ... [[sive]] haec, etc. ... seu, etc., Ter. And. 1, 5, 58.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Without a [[preceding]] si ([[rare]]): [[dehinc]] [[postulo]], [[sive]] aequom'st, te oro, ut, etc., Ter. And. 1, 2, 19 (for [[which]]: [[peto]] a te, vel si pateris, oro, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 3): bis denas Italo texamus robore naves, Seu [[plures]] complere valent, etc., Verg. A. 11, 327: me seu [[corpus]] spoliatum lumine [[mavis]], Redde meis, id. ib. 12, 935; cf.: haec [[pars]] [[dialectica]], [[sive]] illam dicere malumus disputatricem, Quint. 12, 2, 13: [[turdus]], Sive aliud privum dabitur [[tibi]], devolet [[illuc]], Hor. S. 2, 5, 11; cf. id. C. 1, 6, 19.—<br /><b>II</b> Repeated, [[with]] a disjunctive [[sense]] [[predominant]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Connecting words or phrases in the [[same]] [[construction]]. or conditional clauses [[which]] [[have]] the [[same]] [[predicate]]: [[sive]] (seu) ... [[sive]] (seu) (in [[good]] [[prose]], esp. in Cic., [[usually]] [[sive]] ... [[sive]]; in Cæs. [[often]] seu ... seu; [[after]] the Aug. [[period]] [[often]] [[sive]] ... seu, or seu ... [[sive]]); [[prop]]. if this or if [[that]] be the [[case]], placing the [[counter]] propositions on an [[equality]], be it [[that]] ... or [[that]]; if ... or if; [[whether]] ... or, i. e. in [[either]] [[case]] (the [[predominant]] [[use]] and signif. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: qui [[improbus]] est, [[sive]] subbibit, [[sive]] [[adeo]] caret temeto, [[tamen]] ab ingenio est [[improbus]], Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59; so, [[sive]] ... [[sive]] [[etiam]], Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Caes. B. C. 1, 27: [[sive]] [[quid]] [[mecum]] [[ipse]] [[cogito]], [[sive]] [[quid]] aut [[scribo]] aut [[lego]], Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1: [[sive]] eum ex paludibus elicere [[sive]] obsidione premere posset, Caes. B. G. 7, 32: [[sive]] regi [[sive]] optimatibus serviant, Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: ex quo exardescit [[sive]] [[amor]] [[sive]] [[amicitia]], id. Lael. 27, 100: [[sive]] tu medicum adhibueris, [[sive]] non adhibueris, id. Fat. 12 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 12, 2, 3: [[sive]] sub incertas Zephyris mutantibus umbras, Sive antro [[potius]] succedimus, Verg. E. 5, 5: seu recte, seu [[pervorse]] facta sunt, Egomet fecisse [[confiteor]], Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 146; Caes. B. C. 3, 61: facilem esse rem, seu maneant, seu proficiscantur, id. B. G. 5, 31; 5, 51; 7, 36; 7, 89; id. B. C. 3, 79; Sall. C. 49, 4; id. J. 103, 2; Verg. G. 3, 49; 4, 25; 4, 33; id. A. 2, 62; 6, 881 al.: [[quantitas]] [[plerumque]] [[eidem]] subjacet, seu modi est seu numeri, Quint. 7, 4, 41: [[sive]] [[dolo]], seu jam Trojae sic fata ferebant, Verg. A. 2, 34: [[sive]] deae seu sint dirae volucres, id. ib. 3, 262; 4, 240; 7, 199; Liv. 10, 14; Quint. 1, 5, 18; 1, 5, 35; 1, 5, 41; 2, 1, 11; 12, 10, 26: seu magni superas jam saxa Timavi, Sive oram Illyrici legis aequoris, Verg. E. 8, 6; so, seu ... [[sive]], id. A. 1, 218; 10, 109; 11, 528; Ov. M. 4, 321; 4, 639; 15, 324 al. (In Cæs. B. C. 2, 27, the MSS. [[vary]] [[between]] seu ... [[sive]] and [[sive]] ... [[sive]].)—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Repeated [[several]] times: [[sive]] ancillam [[sive]] servum [[sive]] uxorem [[sive]] adulterum, Seu patrem [[sive]] avum videbo, Plaut. Am. 4, 5, 15 sq.; cf. id. ib. prol. 69 sq.; and id. Merc. 2, 2, 35: quibus (Cimmeriis) aspectum solis [[sive]] [[deus]] [[aliquis]] [[sive]] [[natura]] ademerat, [[sive]] loci [[situs]], Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 61: seu [[furor]] est: [[habeo]], quae carmine sanet et herbis; Sive [[aliquis]] nocuit: magico lustrabere ritu; Ira deum [[sive]] est: sacris placabimus iram, Ov. M. 10, 397 et saep. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a corresp. si: [[sive]] tu vatem, [[sive]] tu [[omen]] audieris; [[sive]] immolaris, [[sive]] avem aspexeris; si Chaldaeum, si haruspicem videris, si fulserit, etc., Cic. Div. 2, 72, 149.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Connecting [[complete]] conditional sentences, [[each]] [[with]] its [[own]] [[conclusion]], [[but]] [[always]] implying [[that]] the [[alternative]] conclusions are [[alike]] steps in the [[general]] [[argument]], if, on the one [[hand]] ... if, on the [[other]], if ... [[but]] if: nam [[sive]] timuit, [[quid]] ignavius? [[sive]] meliorem suam causam [[fore]] putavit, [[quid]] injustius? Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3: [[sive]] [[enim]] ad sapientiam perveniri potest, non paranda nobis [[solum]] ea, sed fruenda [[etiam]] est; [[sive]] hoc [[difficile]] est, [[tamen]] nec [[modus]] est [[ullus]] investigandi, etc., id. Fin. 1, 1, 3: eis [[sive]] creditur, creditur hoc ipsum [[quod]] nos arguimus, [[sive]] [[fides]] non habetur, de adversarii testium [[fide]] derogatur, id. Caec. 1, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42: ut [[sive]] abstinuisset Epiro, integra sibi omnia essent: [[sive]] venisset, sic [[quoque]] [[spes]] veniae foret, Liv. 36, 6, 6 sq.; 36, 16, 10; 38, 3, 10; 37, 15, 2: eos seu dedi placeat, dedere se paratos esse, seu supplicio adfici, daturos poenas, id. 7, 20, 7; 27, 14, 1; 30, 40, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Instead of [[sive]] as a correl., [[sin]] or si [[vero]] is [[sometimes]] [[found]]: [[sive]] [[sensus]] exstinguitur ... [[quis]] me beatior? [[sin]] vera sunt quae dicuntur, migrationem esse, etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97 sq.: [[sive]] [[enim]] Zenonem sequare, magnum est efficere ... si [[vero]] Academiam veterem persequamur, etc., id. Ac. 1, 2, 7: [[sive]] [[enim]] abscedant, cui dubium esse [[quin]], etc.; [[sin]] [[autem]] manendum ibi [[nihilo]] [[minus]] [[sit]], Liv. 37, 15, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In this [[use]] * si ... [[sive]] is [[found]] [[once]]: si omnes atomi declinabunt, nullae [[umquam]] cohaerescent, [[sive]] aliae declinabunt, aliae suo nutu recte ferentur, [[primum]], etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20 B. and K.; cf.: si ... [[sive]] in one [[sentence]], I. A. [[supra]]; and v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. p. 45.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> On [[account]] of the [[predominant]] disjunctive [[sense]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the poets and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]], [[instead]] of one [[sive]], [[sometimes]] aut, vel, or one of the [[interrogative]] particles ne or an is used: ([[saxum]]) seu [[turbidus]] [[imber]] Proluit, aut annis solvit sublapsa [[vetustas]], Verg. A. 12, 685: [[sive]] ... [[sive]] ... vel, etc., Flor. 4, 2, 79: [[misero]] conjux, fatone erepta [[Creusa]] Substitit, erravitne viā, seu lassa resedit, Incertum, Verg. A. 2, 739: [[sive]] fatali vecordiā an, etc., Tac. A. 11, 26; so, [[sive]] ... seu ... an, id. ib. 14, 59.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes also [[sive]] stands [[alone]] in a [[purely]] disjunctive [[sense]], = vel (in [[Cicero]] [[only]] in the phrases [[sive]] [[quis]], [[sive]] [[potius]], [[sive]] [[etiam]]): ut mihi Platonis illud, seu [[quis]] dixit [[alius]], [[perelegans]] esse videatur, or [[whoever]] [[else]] said it, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 29: [[quid]] perturbatius hoc ab urbe discessu, [[sive]] [[potius]] turpissimā fugā? id. Att. 8, 3, 3: te [[primum]] [[rogo]], ut (animum) erigas ac resistas, [[sive]] [[etiam]] [[ultro]] occurras negotiis, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4: [[Aristarchus]] et aetate nostrā [[Palaemon]] [[vocabulum]], [[sive]] appellationem, nomini subjecerunt, Quint. 1, 4, 20: delectandi [[sive]] conciliandi [[officium]], id. 12, 10, 59: [[miracula]] visa [[sive]] ex metu credita, Tac. A. 2, 24: [[proelium]] [[sive]] [[naufragium]], Just. 2, 9, 20: Romana bella [[sive]] Asiana, id. 38, 3, 10.

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