verbum: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>verbum</b>: i (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. verbūm, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 1; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 37; id. Truc. 2, 8, 14), n. from the [[root]] er; Gr. ΕΡω, [[whence]] [[εἴρω]] and [[ῥῆμα]], [[what]] is [[spoken]] or said; cf. Goth. vaurd; Germ. Wort; Engl. [[word]], a [[word]]; plur., words, expressions, [[language]], [[discourse]], [[conversation]], etc. (cf.: vox, [[vocabulum]]).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: [[verbum]] nullum fecit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 58: si ullum [[verbum]] faxo, id. Men. 1, 2, 47: qui [[verbum]] [[numquam]] in [[publico]] fecerunt, Cic. Brut. 78, 270; so, facere, to [[talk]], [[chat]], [[discourse]], [[converse]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; id. Planc. 8, 20 al.: spissum istud amanti est [[verbum]] veniet, [[nisi]] venit, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 77; cf. id. Most. 5, 1, 2: videtis hoc uno verbo [[unde]] significari res duas et ex quo et a quo [[loco]], Cic. Caecin. 30, 88: [[verbum]] voluptatis, id. Fin. 2, 23, 75 (for [[which]]: vox voluptatis, id. ib. 2, 2, 6); cf.: [[libenter]] verbo [[utor]] Catonis (i. e. origines), id. Rep. 2, 1, 3: [[verbum]] usitatius et tritius, id. Ac. 1, 7, 27: [[verbum]] scribere ... verbi litterae, id. de Or. 2, 30, 130: nec [[vero]] ullum ([[verbum]]) aut durum aut [[insolens]], aut humile aut longius ductum, etc., id. Brut. 79, 274: si [[pudor]], si [[modestia]], si [[pudicitia]], si uno verbo [[temperantia]] ([[literally]], in one [[word]]; cf. B. 2. [[infra]]), id. Fin. 2, 22, 73.—Plur.: verba rebus impressit, Cic. Rep. 3, 2, 3: in quo [[etiam]] verbis ac nominibus ipsis fuit [[diligens]] ([[Servius]] [[Tullius]]), id. ib. 2, 22, 40: [[quid]] verbis opu'st? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 289: haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: verba facere, to [[speak]], Caes. B. G. 2, 14: [[contumelia]] verborum, [[insulting]] or [[abusive]] [[language]], id. ib. 5, 58: ut verbis, [[quid]] [[sit]], definiam, Cic. Rep. 1, 24, 38: verba ponenda sunt, quae vim habeant illustrandi, nec ab usu sint abhorrentia, grandia, plena, sonantia, etc., id. Part. Or. 15, 53: dialecticorum verba nulla sunt publica: suis utuntur, id. Ac. 1, 7, 25: verborum delectum originem esse eloquentiae, id. Brut. 72, 253 et saep.: multis verbis [[ultro]] citroque habitis [[ille]] nobis est [[consumptus]] [[dies]], [[much]] [[talk]] on [[both]] sides, id. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 7: accusabat Canutius Scamandrum verbis [[tribus]], [[venenum]] esse deprehensum ([[literally]], in [[three]] words; cf. B. 2. b. [[infra]]), Cic. Clu. 18, 50.—Prov.: verba facit emortuo, he talks to the [[dead]], i. e. in [[vain]], Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 18; for [[which]]: verba fiunt mortuo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 26.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Adverbial phrases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ad [[verbum]], [[verbum]] e (de, pro), verbo, or [[simply]] [[verbum]] verbo, to a [[word]], [[word]] for [[word]], [[exactly]], [[literally]] (Cic. uses [[verbum]] e or ex verbo [[where]] the [[exact]] equivalent of a [[single]] [[word]] is given; [[verbum]] pro verbo of the [[literal]] translation of a [[passage]];<br /> v. [[infra]]): fabellae [[Latinae]] ad [[verbum]] de Graecis expressae, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 30 fin.: ediscere ad [[verbum]], Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157: ea quae [[modo]] expressa ad [[verbum]] dixi, id. Tusc. 3, 19, 44: [[somnium]] [[mirifice]] ad [[verbum]] cum re convenit, id. Div. 1, 44, 99: quae [[Graeci]] [[πάθη]] appellant: ego poteram morbos, et id [[verbum]] esset e verbo, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 7: istam κατάληψιν, [[quam]], ut dixi, [[verbum]] e verbo exprimentes, comprehensionem dicemus, id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Fin. 3, 4, 15; id. Top. 8, 35; id. Ac. 2, 6, 17: [[verbum]] de verbo expressum extulit, Ter. Ad. prol. 11: [[verbum]] pro verbo reddere, Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14: nec [[verbum]] verbo curabis reddere [[fidus]] Interpres, Hor. A. P. 133; cf.: ea [[sine]] scripto eisdem verbis reddebat, quibus cogitaverat, Cic. Brut. 88, 301.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Verbi causā or gratiā, for the [[sake]] of [[example]], for [[example]], for [[instance]]: si [[quis]], verbi causā, oriente Caniculā [[natus]] est, Cic. Fat. 6, 12: M. Quid [[dicis]] [[igitur]]! A. Miserum esse verbi causā M. Crassum, id. Tusc. 1, 4, 12; id. Mil. 22, 60: qui verbi causā [[post]] mortem amici liberos ejus custodiant, Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60: ut [[propter]] aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratiā [[propter]] voluptatem, nos amemus, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uno verbo, or [[tribus]] verbis, or paucis verbis, in one [[word]], in a [[word]], [[briefly]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Quin tu uno verbo dic, [[quid]] est [[quod]] me velis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 18; [[Cato]], R. R. 157, 7: praetores, praetorios, tribunos [[plebis]], magnam partem senatūs, omnem subolem juventutis unoque verbo rem publicam expulsam [[atque]] extirminatam suis sedibus, Cic. Phil. 2, 22, 54.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Pa. Brevin' an [[longinquo]] sermoni? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30: pax, te [[tribus]] verbis [[volo]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 121.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Sed paucis verbis te [[volo]], Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 22; cf.: verbis paucis [[quam]] [[cito]] Alium fecisti me, id. Trin. 1, 2, 123; cf. also [[paucus]], II. B.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Verbo.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Orally, by [[word]] of [[mouth]] (opp. scripturā): C. Furnio plura verbo [[quam]] scripturā mandata dedimus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 5: cui verbo mandabo, [[quid]], etc., Vulc. Gall. Avid. Cass. 10, § 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Briefly, in a [[word]]: [[postquam]] [[Caesar]] dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo [[alius]] alii [[varie]] adsentiebantur, Sall. C. 52, 1: aut verbo adsentiebatur, aut pedibus in sententiam ibat, Liv. 27, 34, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 40, 6; cf. also: [[rogatus]] a me etiamne majus [[quam]] [[dedecus]], verbo de sententiā destitisti, at a [[word]] from me, Cic. Tusc. 2, 12, 28 Ernest. ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Meis, tuis, suis verbis, in my, [[thy]], or his [[name]]; for me, thee, or him: gratum mihi feceris, si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus, Cic. Fam. 15, 8; 5, 11, 2; id. Att. 16, 11, 8: anulum quem ego militi darem tuis verbis, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 38; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 79: denuntiatum Fabio [[senatus]] verbis, ne, etc., Liv. 9, 36, 14.<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Verbum, in the sing.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of an [[entire]] [[clause]], a [[saying]], [[expression]], [[phrase]], [[sentence]] ([[mostly]] anteclass.; cf.: [[sententia]], [[dictum]]): Me. Plus plusque [[istuc]] sospitent [[quod]] [[nunc]] habes. Eu. Illud mihi [[verbum]] non placet: [[quod]] [[nunc]] habes! Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 11; id. Cas. 2, 5, 39; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; 1, 3, 95; 1, 3, 139; Ter. And. 1, 5, 5; id. Eun. 1, 2, 95; id. Ad. 5, 8, 29.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of a [[proverb]]: [[verum]] est [[verbum]], [[quod]] memoratur: ubi amici, [[ibidem]] [[opus]], Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 32; so id. ib. 4, 5, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 17: [[quod]] [[verbum]] in [[pectus]] Jugurthae altius [[quam]] [[quisquam]] [[ratus]] erat descendit, Sall. J. 11, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Pregn., [[mere]] [[talk]], [[mere]] words (opp. to [[deed]], [[fact]], [[reality]], etc.; cf. [[nomen]]): qui omnia verborum momentis, non rerum ponderibus examinet, Cic. Rep. 3, 8, 12; cf.: verbo et simulatione (opp. re verā), id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133; v. res: [[dolor]] est [[malum]], ut disputas; [[existimatio]], [[dedecus]], [[infamia]] verba sunt [[atque]] ineptiae, [[empty]] words, id. Pis. 27, 65: verborum [[sonitus]] [[inanis]], id. de Or. 1, 12, 51: in quibus (civitatibus) verbo sunt [[liberi]] omnes? in [[word]], in [[name]], id. Rep. 1, 31, 47. —Hence, verba [[dare]] (alicui), to [[give]] [[empty]] words, i. e. to [[deceive]], [[cheat]]: cui verba [[dare]] [[difficile]] est, Ter. And. 1, 3, 6: vel verba mihi dari [[facile]] [[patior]] in hoc, meque [[libenter]] [[praebeo]] credulum, Cic. Att. 15, 16, A: descendit [[atque]] Gallis verba dedit, i. e. eluded, escaped from [[them]], Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24: [[curis]] [[dare]] verba, i. e. to [[beguile]], [[drive]] [[away]], Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 40.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In gram., a [[verb]]: [[Aristoteles]] orationis duas partes esse dicit, vocabula et verba, ut [[homo]] et [[equus]], et legit et currit, etc., Varr. L. L. 8, § 11 sq. Müll.; 9, § 95; 10, § 77 al.; Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> In eccl. Lat. as a translation of [[λόγος]], the [[second]] [[person]] of the Trinity, Vulg. Joan. 1, 1; id. 1 Joan. 5, 7; id. Apoc. 19, 13.

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