καλός

English (LSJ)

ή, όν, Aeol. κάλος (v. infr.), α, ον, Boeot. καλϝός Schwyzer 538 (vi B. C.):—

   A beautiful, of outward form, freq. of persons, κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθεν Il.2.673: in Hom. usu. in the phrase κ. τε μέγας τε Il.21.108, al.; μέγας καὶ κ. Od.9.513; καλή τε μεγάλη τε 13.289, 15.418; καλὸς δέμας beautiful of form, 17.307; κ. ἰδέᾳ Pi.O.10 (11).103; εἶδος κάλλιστος X.Cyr.1.2.1; κ. τὸ σῶμα Id.Mem.2.6.30; τὰς ὄψεις Theopomp.Hist.195; Χορῷ καλή beauteous in the dance, Il. 16.180: c. inf., καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι Od.10.396; ἐσορᾶν κ. Pi.O.8.19: freq. of parts of the body, fair, shapely, κ. πρόσωπα, ὅμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά, Il.19.285, 23.66, Od.19.208, Il.4.147; Χρώς 5.354, al.; of clothes, εἵματα, φάρεα, Χιτών, Χλαῖνα, πέδιλα, Od.6.111, 24.277, Il.2.43, Od.10.365, 1.96; πέπλος κάλλιστος ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος Il.6.294; of arms and armour, κνημῖδες, ἀσπίς, σάκος, κόρυς, φάσγανα, ἔντεα, 3.331, 11.33, 22.314, 18.612, 15.713, Od.19.18; of buildings, manufactured articles, etc., αὐλὴ κ. τε μεγάλη τε 14.7; κ. δώματα, τεῖχος, πόλιες, 3.387, Il.21.447, 18.491; ἄμαξα, τράπεζα, θρόνος, 24.267, 11.629, Od.1.131; also τέμενος, ἀγρός, Il.12.314, Od.24.206; so after Hom., Λύδιον κ. ἔργον Sapph.19, etc.; ἐέρσα κ. ead.Supp.25.12.    2 in Att. added to a name in token of love or admiration, as Ἀρίσημος κ. IG12.921, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι τοίχοις ἔγραφ' Ἀθηναῖοι καλοί" Ar. Ach.144, cf.V.98; Ἀλκιβιάδης ὁ καλός, Σαπφὼ ἡ καλή, Pl.Alc.1.113b, Phdr.235c.    b ἡ Καλή or Καλλίστη, as epith., A.Ag.140 (lyr.), Paus. 1.29.2, CIG4445 (Beroea).    c Καλοί, οἱ, divinities worshipped in childbirth, IG5(1).1445 (Messene, ii B. C.).    3 τὸ καλόν beauty, Sapph.79, E.IA21 (anap.), etc.; τὰ καλά the proprieties or elegancies of life, Hdt.1.8, 207; ἁπάντων καλῶν ἄμμορος Pi.O.1.84; αἱ τέχναι ἃς πηγάς φασι τῶν κ. εἶναι X.Cyr.7.2.13.    II with ref. to use, good, of fine quality, κ. λιμήν Od.6.263; Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ . . καλῷ fair, 14.253, 299; κ. ἀργύριον, opp. κίβδηλον, genuine silver, X.Mem.3.1.9; opp. ἀποτετριμμένον, good silver currency, PCair.Zen.21.33 (iii B. C.); ἐλαῖαι PHib. 1.49.12 (iii B. C.); γῆ Ev.Luc.8.15; κ. οἶνος PFay.133.8 (iv A. D.); στρατόπεδον κάλλιστον Th.5.60; ἀνταπεδώκατε πονηρὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν LXX Ge. 44.4; κ. ἐς στρατιάν X.Cyr.3.3.6; πρός τι Pl.Hp.Ma.295c, Grg.474d, etc.: c. inf., λόφος κάλλιστος τρέχειν X.An.4.8.26; ἐν καλῷ [τόπῳ] in a good place, καθίζεσθαι, ὁρμεῖν, Ar.Th.292, X.HG2.1.25; ἐν καλῷ μὲν τοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῶν πόλεων, ἐν κ. δὲ τοῦ τὴν Χώραν βλάπτειν, ib.6.2.9; ἐν καλῷ under favourable circumstances, Th.5.59.60; ἐν κ. (sc. Χρόνῳ) in good time, in season, E.IA1106; ἐν οὐ κ. Id.Or.579; ἐν καλῷ [ἐστι] c. inf., S.El.384 (so καλόν ἐστι c. inf., Id.Ph.1155 (lyr.), Ar.Pax 278, Th.8.2); ἐς καλόν S.OT78, Pl.Men.89e, Smp.174e; τί γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν καλόν; what is the good of life to me? Ph.2.594; καλῇ πίστει, = Lat.bona fide, PTeb.418.14 (iii A. D.).    2 of sacrifices, auspicious, σφάγια A.Th.379; οἰωνοί E.Ion1333; ἱερά Th.4.92; τὸ τέλος κ. τῆς ἐξόδου X.An.5.2.9; κ. τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.3.2.3: c. inf., ἰέναι . . κ. ἡμῖν τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν Id.An.2.2.3: Com., τὰ τῆς πυγῆς κ. (for τοῦ θεοῦ) Ar. Pax868.    III in a moral sense, beautiful, noble, honourable, in Hom. only in neut., οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες Od.8.166, cf. 17.381; μεῖζον κλέος . . καὶ κάλλιον 18.255; freq. καλόν [ἐστι] c. inf., κ. τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κ' ἐμὲ κήδῃ Il.9.615; οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε κ. (sc. ἄρχειν) 21.440; οὐ κ. ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον Od.20.294; so in Trag., καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν S.Ant.72, etc.; μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν LXXIs.1.17: Comp., οὐ μέν τοι τόδε κάλλιον οὐδὲ ἔοικε Od.7.159, cf. Il.24.52; after Hom. freq. of actions, etc., κάλων κἄσλων Sapph.Supp.2.4 (unless of persons here); κ. ἔργματα noble deeds, Pi.I.4(3).42, cf. S.Fr.839, etc.; ἀναστροφὴ κ. 1 Ep.Pet.2.12: in pl., excellences, πλῆθος καλῶν Pi.O.13.45; πολλῶν καλῶν δεῖ τῷ καλόν τι μωμένῳ S.Fr.938; τὰ τοῦ παιδὸς κ. X.Smp.8.17.    2 τὸ κ. moral beauty, virtue, honour, opp. τὸ αἰσχρόν, Id.Mem.1.1.16, cf. Pl.Smp.183d, etc.; ὅττι καλόν, φίλον ἐστί, τὸ δ' οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλον ἐστίν Thgn.17, cf. E.Ba.881 (lyr.), Pl. Ly.216c; οὐ ταὐτὸν ἡγῇ σύ, ὡς ἔοικας, κ. τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρόν Id.Grg.474d, cf. Smp.201e; τοὐμὸν κ. E.Supp.300.    3 of persons, in early writers coupled with ἀγαθός, v. καλοκἀγαθός; later κ. ποιμήν Ev.Jo.10.11; κ. στρατιώτης 2 Ep.Tim. 2.3.    IV in Att. and Trag. freq. ironically, fine, specious, γέρας κ. A.Eu.209; κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥστε θαυμάσαι S.El.393, cf. E.Ba.652; κ. Χάρις D.9.65; κ. ὕβριν ὑβρισμένοι Id.23.121; καί σοι . . θωπεῦσαι καλόν S.OC 1003; μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν Th.5.89.    B Degrees of Comp.: Comp. καλλίων, ον, Il.24.52, Od.10.396, etc.: neut. κάλιον [ᾰ] Alc.134: Sup. κάλλιστος, η, ον, Il.20.233, etc.; late καλλιώτερος or -ότερος, POxy.1672.6 (i A. D.), Sch.E. Tr.966; also καλώτερος Hdn.Epim.69.    C Adv.:—Poets freq. use neut. καλόν as Adv., κ. ἀείδειν Il.18.570, Od.1.155; καλά Il.6.326; later τὸ κ. Theoc.3.3, 18, Call.Epigr.53, Herod.1.54.    II regul. Adv. καλῶς (Dor. καλώς Sophr.22), well, rightly, οὐδ' ἔτι κ. οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od.2.64; κ. ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι, etc., S.Aj.479, etc.; κ. φρονεῖν to be in one's right mind, Id.Fr.836; οὐ κ. ταρβεῖς Id.Tr.457; κ. ἀγωνιεῖσθαι fairly, on the merits of the case, Lys.13.88; Χρήματα δατῆθθαι κ. Leg.Gort.4.39; κ. εἰρημένα S.Fr. 576.6; κάλλιον λέγεις Pl.Tht.161b; κάλλιστ' ἂν εἴποι S.OT1172: freq. in phrase καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ, Pl.Prt.319e, Prm.128b, etc.    2 of good fortune, well, happily, κ. πράσσειν, = εὖ π., A.Pr. 979, S.Ant.271; κ. καὶ εὖ πράττειν Pl.Chrm.172a; κ. ἔχειν to be well, A.Th.799, etc.; κ. ἔχει σοι Ar.Ach.946, cf. S.El.816; κ. ἔχει c. inf., 'tis well to... X.Mem.3.11.1: c. gen., κ. ἔχειν τινός to be well off in respect to a thing, Hp.Superf.29; κ. παράπλου κεῖσθαι Th.1.36; εἰ κ. σφίσιν ἔχοι Id.4.117; οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἔφη κ. ἔχειν, εἰ . . X.Mem.1.3.3; καλλιόνως ἔχει Pl.Tht.169e, etc.; κάλλιστα ἕζει Id.Hp.Ma.295b.    3 καλῶς, = πάνυ, thoroughly, altogether, τὸν κ. εὐδαίμονα A.Fr.317, = S. Fr.934; κ. ἔξοιδα Id.OC269, cf. OT1008; κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρθαι D.S.13.108: Comp., κάλλιον εἰδέναι Pl.Hp.Ma.300d; κάλλιον ἐοικέναι to be just like, Hp.Genit.8.    4 κ. ἀκούειν to be well spoken of, Men.Mon.285, Plu.2.177e.    5 κ. ποιῶν rightly, deservedly, κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.Pl.863, cf. D.1.28, al., Aeschin.3.232; in requests, κ. ποιήσεις πριάμενος, etc., PPetr.3p.143 (iii B. C.), etc.; also c. inf., κ. π. γράψαι BGU1203.7 (i B. C.), etc.    6 in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, well said! E.Or.1216, D.39.15; also, to decline an offer courteously, no, thank you! Ar.Ra.888; κ. ἔχει Antiph.165, Men.Pk.266; πάνυ κ. Ar.Ra.512; ἀμέλει κ. ib.532: Sup., κάλλιστ', ἐπαινῶ ib.508; ἔχει κάλλιστα Theoc.15.3.    7 ironically, finely, καλῶς ἐρήμης γ' ἂν σὺ γῆς ἄρχοις μόνος S.Ant.739, cf. E.Med.588, Ar.Eq.344, Din.1.69.    8 κ. ὁ ἱερεύς hurrah for the priest! SIG1109.14 (Athens, ii A. D.).    9 repeated with the Adj., καλὴ καλῶς Ar.Ach.253, Pax1330, Ec.730; καλὸς κάλλιστά τε ῥέξαις Pi.O.9.94.    10 Comp. καλλιόνως Pl.Tht. l.c., Lg.660d: Sup. καλλίστως PMag.Par.1.2443,2465, Sch.E.Hec.310.    D for compds., v. καλλι-, καλο-.    E Quantity: ᾱ in Ep. and early Iamb. Poets (exc. h.Ven.29, Hes.Op.63, Th.585): ᾰ in Lyr. (exc. κᾱλῶς B.12.206) and Trag. (A. Fr.314, S.Ph.1381 are corrupt).--In Eleg., Epigr., and Bucol. Poets ᾰ or ᾱ (the latter usu. in thesi); τὰ μὴ κᾰλὰ κᾱλὰ πέφανται Theoc.6.19, cf. Herod.7.115, Call.Jov.55.--In Comp., ῐ in Hom., ῑ in Trag. and later.