κόπτω

English (LSJ)

Od.18.28, etc.: fut.

   A κόψω Hippon.83, Men.Pk.64, etc.: aor. ἔκοψα, Ep. κόψα Il.13.203: pf. κέκοφα (ἐκ-) X.HG6.5.37, (περι-) Lys.14.42, (συγ-) Pl.Tht.169b; Ep. part. κεκοπώς Il.13.60 (v.l. -φώς, -πών), Od.18.335:—Med., fut. κόψομαι LXX Ez.6.9: aor. ἐκοψάμην Hdt.4.166:—Pass., fut. κεκόψομαι (ἀπο-) Ar.Nu.1125, (ἐκ-) Id.Ra. 1223, (κατα-) X.An.1.5.16, κοπήσομαι LXX Je.8.2, Gal.13.759: aor. ἐκόπην A.Ag.1278, Ar.Ra.723, Th.8.13: pf. κέκομμαι A.Pers.683:— cut, strike,    1 smite, ο' ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Od.18.335: c. dupl. acc., κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον smote him on the cheek, Il.23.690.    2 smite with weapons, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Od.8.528; τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες Hdt.6.113: metaph. in Pass., with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν AP11.335.    3 smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Il.17.521, cf. Od.14.425, X.An.2.1.6; in Trag., A.Ag.1278, Eu.635, E.El.838.    4 cut off, chop off, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Il.13.203; χεῖράς τ' ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον Od.22.477; κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις X.An.4.6.26; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Th.2.75, X. HG5.2.39,43; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, ib.3.2.26, 4.6.5:—in Pass., of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Th.4.14,8.13:—metaph., φρενῶν κεκομμένος A.Ag.479 (lyr.); τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Theoc.21.28; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Arist.Mete.367a10.    5 strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster, κόψε δ' Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Il.10.513; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (sc. Αἴαντε) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος 13.60.    6 hammer, forge, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς 18.379, Od.8.274; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money, κ. νόμισμα IG12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), Xenoph.4, Hdt.3.56:—Med., coin oneself money, order to be coined, κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Id.1.94, cf. 4.166:—Pass., of money, to be stamped or coined, [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Ar.Ra.723, cf. 726.    7 knock or rap at, τὴν θύραν Id.Nu.132, Pl.1097, And. 1.41, X.HG5.4.7, Men.Epit.538, Phld.Vit.p.30 J., Plu.Alc.8, etc.; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις; Ar.Ec.976.    8 pound, bray in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου Hdt.4.71; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Alex.127.4; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX 3 Ki.5.11.    9 knock, dash about, τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Pl.Ti.60b; κόνις . . κοπτομένη . . ὑφ' ἅρμασι Hes. Sc.63; θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς Theoc.22.16.    10 of birds, peck, Arist.HA609b5; ὁ ἁλιάετος . . τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, ib.593b24; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Arat.449; of fish, gnaw, Arist.HA 620b17; of a snake, strike, Il.12.204:—Pass., of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Thphr.HP3.18.5, 8.11.2.    b munch, masticate, dub. in Chionid.6.    11 ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, X.Eq.1.4:—Pass., ib.8.7, Hp.Aër.21.    12 κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Alex.13; set, sharpen, Herod.6.84:—Med., AP 11.253 (Lucill.).    13 metaph., tire out, weary, μήθ' ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ' ἐμαυτὸν κ. D.Prooem.29, cf. Alciphr.2.3; λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν... ἢ μὴ κόπτε με Hegesipp.1.3, cf. Sosip.1.20; μὴ κόπτ' ἔμ', ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα Alex.173.12; κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν D.H.Comp.19; κ. τὰ ὦτα Poll.6.119; κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις Plu.Phoc.7, cf. Moer.p.74 P.:—Pass., to be worn out, κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις D.2.16.    II Med. κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief, κεφαλὴν δ' ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Il.22.33, cf. Hdt.2.121.δ (also Act. τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν; Men.Her.4); κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα Hdt.6.58 (with μαχαίρῃσι added 2.61): abs., Pl.Phd.60b, R.619c: pf. Pass., [πόλις] κέκοπται A.Pers. 683:—Act. c. acc. cogn., ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Id.Ch.423 (lyr.).    2 κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one, κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν Ar.Lys.396, cf. Ev.Luc.8.52; but also ἐπί τινα Apoc.1.7, 18.9 (v.l. αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Lat. capo 'capon', perh. σκέπαρνον.)