εἴκοσι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(for [[εἴκοσιν]] v. infr.), Att., Ion., also Arc., <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.1 (Tegea), and Aeol., ib.12(2).6.21 (Lesbos):—indecl., [[twenty]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.510</span>,<span class="bibl">748</span>, etc.; in Hom. more freq. in Ep. form ἐείκοσι, before a vowel [[ἐείκοσιν]], <span class="bibl">1.309</span>, <span class="bibl">6.217</span>, al.; Dor. ϝίκατι <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>4.13, etc.; ϝείκατι <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>2.71; Lacon. βείκατι Hsch.; εἴκατι <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).693.10 (Corc.), <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.10</span>, <span class="bibl">5.86</span>. (Orig. [[ϝῑκατι]] and [[Εϝῑκοσι]], whence [[ἐείκοσι]] in Hom.; [[ϝείκατι]] and [[εἴκατι]] are late spellings of (ϝ) <b class="b3">ῑκατι; εἴκοσι</b> is contr. from <b class="b3">*εϝῑκοσι</b>. Cf. Lat. [[vīginti]], Skt. [[viṃśatis]]. [[εἴκοσιν]] is the only form used by Ar., whether before vowels or consonants (<b class="b3">εἴκοσ' ἀπολογίζεται</b> is dub. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>465</span>); also (before consonants) <span class="bibl">Herod.3.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Piet.</span>3</span>, etc., but not common in Inscrr. or Pap., e.g. (before consonants) <span class="title">Schwyzer</span>707 <span class="title">B</span>2 (Ephesus, vi B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>2.804.155 (iv B.C.), (before a vowel) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>2.75.7</span> (iv A. D.); <b class="b3">εἴκοσι ἔτη, εἴκοσι ἡμερῶν</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.94,49.)

|etymtx=Grammatical information: num.<br />Meaning: [[twenty]].<br />Other forms: Hom. also [[ἐείκοσι]] (s. below), Dor. [[Ϝίκατι]]<br />Compounds: As 1. member often <b class="b3">εἰκοσα-</b>, e. g. [[ἐεικοσάβοιος]] [[worth twenty cows]] (Od.; after <b class="b3">ἑπτα-</b>, <b class="b3">τετρα-</b> etc.). On <b class="b3">εἰκοσινήριτος Χ</b> 349 s. [[νήριτος]].<br />Derivatives: [[εἰκοσάκις]] [[twenty times]] (Il.), [[εἰκοσάς]] f. [[twenty pieces]] (late; cf. [[εἰκάς]] below), (<b class="b3">ἐ)εἰκοστός</b> (Boeot. [[Ϝικαστός]]) [[the tentieth]] (Il.); f. [[εἰκοστή]] [[the twentieth]] with [[εἰκοσταῖος]] <b class="b2">belonging to the 20. day</b> (Hp.; as [[δευτεραῖος]] a. o.); - also [[εἰκάς]] f., Dor. [[ἰκάς]], Ther. [[hικάς]] [[thenumber twenty]], [[the 20th day of the month]] (Hes.), after [[δεκάς]], [[τριακάς]] etc. (not with Schwyzer 597 original formtion to (<b class="b3">ἐ)ἴκατι</b>); from here [[εἰκαδεῖς]] the members of a society, that met on the 20th, eponymous founder [[Εἰκαδεύς]] (Athens; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 71 a. 180, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 368 n. 1), [[εἰκαδισταί]] surame of the Epicureans (Ath.), cf. [[δεκαδισταί]] to [[δεκάς]] (s. [[δέκα]]).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1177] <b class="b2">*du̯i-dkm̥t-iH</b> [[twenty]]<br />Etymology: Hom. [[ἐείκοσι]] for <b class="b3">ἐ-(Ϝ)ίκοσι</b> (wit prothetic vowel from the glottalic feature of the <b class="b2">*d-</b>; Korlandt, MSS 42 (1983)97-104); graphically influenced by kontracted [[εἴκοσι]]; thus Herakl. [[Ϝείκατι]]. The <b class="b3">ο-</b>vowel in [[εἴκοσι]] from [[εἰκοστός]] (diff. Meillet MSL 16, 217ff.; s. Schwyzer 344), this after [[τριακοστός]] etc. with <b class="b3">-ο-</b> after [[τριάκοντα]] etc. - PGr. (ʔ)[[Ϝίκατι]], (ʔ)[[Ϝικαστός]] (= Dor., Boeot.), as in Av. [[vīsaiti]]. Skt. <b class="b2">viṃśatí-</b> f. with secondary nasalisation and [[i-]]flexion, and sec. stress (Schulze KZ 28, 277 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 99 n. 3; cf. Schwyzer 381), Lat. [[vīgintī]] with sec. [[g]]; IE <b class="b2">*ʔu̯i-ʔḱm̥t-ī</b> prop. du. [[two dekades]] (from <b class="b2">*-dḱm̥t-</b>), to IE <b class="b2">*du̯i-</b> [[two]] and [[δέκα]], s. v. and [[ἑκατόν]]. - Details Schwyzer 591, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 366f., W.-Hofmann s. [[vīgintī]].