πρόβλημα

English (LSJ)

ατος, τό, (προβάλλω)

   A anything thrown forward or projecting, πόντου π. ἁλίκλυστον sea-washed promontory, S.Aj.1219 (lyr.).    2 hindrance, obstacle, Hp.Nat.Mul.67, Mul.1.20, Ael. NA2.13.    II anything put before one as a defence, bulwark, barrier, προβλήματα ἀντ' ἀσπίδων ἐποιεῦντο γεράνων δοράς Hdt.7.70, cf.4.175; τῶν . . π. τὰ μὲν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ὁπλίσματα, τὰ δὲ φράγματα Pl.Plt. 279d sq., cf. Sph.261a; σώματος π., of a shield, A.Th.540; νεῶν προβλήματα, of a wall, E.Rh.213; χαλκᾶ προβλήματα the brazen armour of horses, X.Cyr.6.1.51.    2 c.gen. objecti, defence against a thing, αἰχμῆς καὶ πέτρων A.Th.676; χείματος προβλήματα E.Supp. 208; π. χειμώνων Pl.Ti.74b; π. κακῶν Ar.V.615; κρύους π. ποιοῦνται τὴν ἐσθῆτα Plu.2.691d; but,    3 μηδὲν φόβου π. μηδ' αἰδοῦς ἔχειν to have neither fear nor reverence as a defence, S.Aj.1076; τὸν ποταμὸν π. λαβεῖν, ποιήσασθαι, Plb.2.66.1, 3.14.5.    III anything put forward as an excuse, π. τοῦ τρόπου D.45.69; λαβὼν π. σαυτοῦ παῖδα making a screen of him, S.Ph.1008.    IV task. business, E.El.985, Gal.11.250.    2 problem in Geometry, etc., Pl.R.530b, Tht.180csq., Plu. Marc.14, 19, etc.; φυσικὰ π. Epicur.Ep.2p.36U.; οἱ κατὰ πρόβλημα λόγοι (opp. τὰ ἐν τῷ βίῳ) theoretical, Phld.Lib.p.59 O.    3 in the Logic of Arist., question as to whether a statement is so or not, Arist. Top.101b28, cf. 104b1: τὰ π. title of work by Arist., cf. Mete.363a24, PA676a18, GA747b5, cf. προβληματικός; also of the extant work wrongly ascribed to Arist.    4 practical or theoretical problem, εἰς π. παμμέγεθες ἐνέπεσε Plb.28.13.9; εὕροντο λύσιν τοῦ π. Id.30.19.5; ἐν προβλήμασιν ἢ κρίνομεν ἢ βουλευόμεθα Hermog.Inv.1.1.    5 riddle, π. προβάλλειν LXX Jd.14.12.