μαλακός

English (LSJ)

ή, όν,

   A soft:    I of things subject to touch, εὐνή Il.9. 618; κώεα Od.3.38; τάπης μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο 4.124; χιτών Il.2.42, PSI 4.364.5 (iii B.C.); πέπλοι Il.24.796; νειὸς μ. fresh-ploughed fallow, 18.541; λειμῶνες μ. soft grassy meadows, Od.5.72, cf. Il.14.349; πόας ἄνθος Sapph.54; τάπητες . . -ώτεροι ὕπνω Theoc.15.125; of the skin or flesh, μ. παρειαί S.Ant.783 (lyr.); χρώς E.Med.1403 (anap.); σώματα X.Mem.3.10.1; πρόβατα μ. soft-fleeced, D.47.52; τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ., opp. hard, rugged ground, Arist.HA607a10; οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ. ib.615b31; μ. πέτρα SIG970.8 (iii B.C.), PPetr.2p.6 (iii B.C.); μ. τέφρα a slow fire, Ph.Bel.89.36; so μ. πῦρ Androm. ap. Gal.13.26; μ. ἀνθρακιά Dsc.2.76; ὕδωρ μ., of marsh water, A.Fr.192.8 (anap.), Pl.Ti.59d (cf. μαλθακός); of soil, X.Oec.19.8, Pl.Criti.111b. Adv., μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι, to sleep softly, i.e. on soft bedding, Od. 3.350, 24.255; μαλακώτατα καθεύδειν X.Mem.2.1.24; καθίζου μ. sit softly, i.e. on a cushion, Ar.Eq.785; ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί Eub.90, cf. 108; but ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις what dainty food you have! Thphr.Char.2.10.    2 μαλακά (sc. σκεύη), τά, household utensils, Men.Per.Fr.3, Diph.19.    II of things not subject to touch, gentle, θάνατος Od. 18.202; ὕπνος Il.10.2; κῶμα 14.359; μ. ἔπεα soft, fair words, 1.582, 6.337; λόγοι Od.1.56; ἐπαοιδαί Pi.P.3.51; παρηγορίαι A.Ag.95 (anap.); αὖραι X.Oec.20.18; μ. βλέμμα tender, youthful looks, Ar. Pl.1022; μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς Pi.N.4.95; μ. οἶνος mild, Arist.Pr. 873b34; μ. [φωνή] soft, Id.Aud.803a8 (Comp.); of scent, faint, delicate, Thphr.HP6.7.4; of climate, mild, ib.6.8.1. Adv. μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν Arist.Aud.803a20; ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ μ. λέγηται Id.Rh.1408b9.    2 light, mild, -ώτεραι ζημίαι Th.3.45.    III of persons or modes of life, soft, mild, gentle, μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι easier to handle, of a fallen hero, Il.22.373; ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. ἄνδρας γίνεσθαι Hdt.9.122; -ώτερον ἐκ σκληροτέρου τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἦθος Pl.Lg.666b; ἀρνίου -ώτερος Philippid.29; -ώτερον τὸ ἦθος τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν Arist.HA 608a25; ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.Mus.p.92 K.    2 in bad sense, soft, μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.18; μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ Id.8.29; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν X.Mem.1.2.2. Adv. -κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν Th.6.78; -ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him somewhat feebly, Id.8.50; μ. φιλεῖν X.Mem.3.11.10.    b faint-hearted, cowardly, Th.6.13, X. HG4.5.16 (Comp.), etc.    c morally weak, lacking in self-control, Hdt.7.153 (Comp.); ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός Arist.EN1150a33: c. inf., μαλακὸς καρτερεῖν πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας Pl.R.556c; τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. Ar.V.1455 (lyr.); μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to give in from weakness or want of spirit, Hdt.3.51,105, Ar.Pl.488; τὰ μ. indulgences, Epich.288, cf. X.Cyr.7.2.28.    d = παθητικός, PHib.1.54.11 (iii B.C.), 1 Ep.Cor.6.9, Vett.Val.113.22, D.L.7.173.    e of music, soft, effeminate, μ. ἁρμονίαι Pl.R.398e, 411a, cf. Arist.Pol.1290a28; tuned to a low pitch, opp. σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. Cleonid.Harm.7, etc.    f of style, feeble, τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.Rh.1.197 S.    g of reasoning, weak, loose, λόγος Isoc.12.4 (Comp.), cf. 5.149 (Comp.); λόγος λίαν μ. Arist.Metaph.1090b8. Adv. -κῶς, συλλογίζεσθαι to reason loosely, Id.Rh.1396b1 (Comp.); ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον Id.Metaph.1025b13.    3 weakly, sickly, -κῶς ἔχειν to be ill, Hermipp.58, Ps.-Hdt. Vit.Hom.34, Luc.DDeor.9.1; -κῶς διάκειται PCair.Zen.263.3 (iii B.C.).    IV Adv. -κῶς, v. supr. I, II, III.