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ἔθνος: Difference between revisions
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|elrutext='''ἔθνος:''' εος τό<br /><b class="num">1)</b> общество, группа, толпа, часто описательно: Ἀχαιῶν ἔ. Hom. = [[Ἀχαιοί]]; βροτὸν, βρότεον или θνατὸν ἔ. Pind. = βροτοί, ἄνθρωποι; ἔ. ἀνέρων Pind. = [[ἄνδρες]];<br /><b class="num">2)</b> класс, сословие (ῥαψῳδῶν Xen.; [[δημιουργικόν]] Plat.; ἱερέων Arst.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> пол (τὸ ἔ. τὸ [[θῆλυ]] ἢ τὸ [[ἄρρεν]] Xen.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> племя (τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔθνη Arst.);<br /><b class="num">5)</b> народность, народ (τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἔ. Her.);<br /><b class="num">6)</b> pl. языческие племена, язычники (οὐ [[μόνον]] ἐξ Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ ἐθνῶν NT);<br /><b class="num">7)</b> род, вид, порода (θηρίων ἀγρίων ἔθνη Soph.; ἰχθύων ἔ. καὶ τὸ τῶν ὀστρέων Plat.);<br /><b class="num">8)</b> стая, стадо, рой (ὀρνίθων, μελισσάων Hom.). | |elrutext='''ἔθνος:''' εος τό<br /><b class="num">1)</b> общество, группа, толпа, часто описательно: Ἀχαιῶν ἔ. Hom. = [[Ἀχαιοί]]; βροτὸν, βρότεον или θνατὸν ἔ. Pind. = βροτοί, ἄνθρωποι; ἔ. ἀνέρων Pind. = [[ἄνδρες]];<br /><b class="num">2)</b> класс, сословие (ῥαψῳδῶν Xen.; [[δημιουργικόν]] Plat.; ἱερέων Arst.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> пол (τὸ ἔ. τὸ [[θῆλυ]] ἢ τὸ [[ἄρρεν]] Xen.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> племя (τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔθνη Arst.);<br /><b class="num">5)</b> народность, народ (τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἔ. Her.);<br /><b class="num">6)</b> pl. языческие племена, язычники (οὐ [[μόνον]] ἐξ Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ ἐθνῶν NT);<br /><b class="num">7)</b> род, вид, порода (θηρίων ἀγρίων ἔθνη Soph.; ἰχθύων ἔ. καὶ τὸ τῶν ὀστρέων Plat.);<br /><b class="num">8)</b> стая, стадо, рой (ὀρνίθων, μελισσάων Hom.). | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[group]], [[heap]], [[swarm]] (of people, animals; Hom., Pi.), [[class]], [[people]] (Hdt.), <b class="b2">foreign people</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">τὰ ἔθνη</b> <b class="b2">the heathens</b> (NT); on the meaning Chantr. BSL 43, 52ff.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ἐθν-άρχης</b> [[governor]], [[prince]] (LXX, J., NT), as 2. member a. o. in <b class="b3">ὁμο-εθνής</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the same people</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἀλλο-εθνής</b> (hell.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐθνικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a foreign people, national, traditional, heathen</b> (hell.), cf. <b class="b3">γενικός</b> to <b class="b3">γένος</b>; <b class="b3">ἐθνίτης</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the same people</b> (Eust., Suid.), <b class="b3">ἐθνισταί οἱ ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ ἔθνους</b> H.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 22; <b class="b3">ἐθνυμών</b> meaning? (Hdn. Gr.; after <b class="b3">δαιτυμών</b>?); <b class="b3">ἐθνηδόν</b> adv. <b class="b2">per people</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Unknown. If <b class="b3">-νος</b> is a suffix (<b class="b3">ἔρ-νος</b>, <b class="b3">σμῆ-νος</b>; Chantr. Form. 420, Schwyzer 512) one may compare <b class="b3">ἔθος</b> (s. v.), perh. from <b class="b2">*su̯edh-nos</b>, which like Goth. [[sibja]] [[Sippe]], the peoples name [[Suēbī]] a. o. (IE <b class="b2">*s(u̯)ēbh-</b> Pok. 883) goes back on the reflexive <b class="b2">*s(u̯)e</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἕ</b>, <b class="b3">ἑ</b>). Other hypotheses by Fick (s. Bq), Fay (s. Kretschmer Glotta 1, 378), Bonfante (s. Schwyzer 512 n. 6). - One connected also <b class="b3">ὀθνεῖος</b> (Demokr., Pl.) as <b class="b2">belonging to the ἔθνος</b> (Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238); in this case hardly from <b class="b2">*su̯e-</b>. The word could be of foreign origin. - From <b class="b3">ἔθνος</b> (spoken <b class="b3">ἕθνος</b>) Kopt. [[hεθνος]], Arm. [[het]][[anos]], and also Goth. [[haiÞno]] [[heathen]] (from where the other Germ. words). | |||
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