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μισθός: Difference between revisions
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|elrutext='''μισθός:''' ὁ<b class="num">1)</b> заработная плата, жалованье, мзда (μισθὸν [[διδόναι]] Eur., τελεῖν или πορίζειν Arph.; μισθὸν λαμβάνειν Her., Eur., φέρεσθαι Xen. и φέρειν Arph. или δέχεσθαι Xen.; μισθὸν πράττεσθαι или αἰτεῖν Plat.): μισθῷ ἐπὶ ῥητῷ Hom. за условленную плату; μ. εἰρημένος Hes. плата по договору; θητεύειν ἐπὶ μισθῷ [[παρά]] τινι Her. служить у кого-л. за плату; μισθοῦ τὰ [[ἐπιτήδεια]] ἐργάζεσθαι Xen. работой (по найму) добывать средства к жизни; μισθοῦ στρατεύεσθαι Polyb. служить в войске наемником;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> вознаграждение, награда (τῷ δικαίῳ, τῆς ἀρετῆς Plat.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> возмездие, кара (ἀνδρὶ δυσσεβεῖ Eur.; ἀδικίας NT). | |elrutext='''μισθός:''' ὁ<b class="num">1)</b> заработная плата, жалованье, мзда (μισθὸν [[διδόναι]] Eur., τελεῖν или πορίζειν Arph.; μισθὸν λαμβάνειν Her., Eur., φέρεσθαι Xen. и φέρειν Arph. или δέχεσθαι Xen.; μισθὸν πράττεσθαι или αἰτεῖν Plat.): μισθῷ ἐπὶ ῥητῷ Hom. за условленную плату; μ. εἰρημένος Hes. плата по договору; θητεύειν ἐπὶ μισθῷ [[παρά]] τινι Her. служить у кого-л. за плату; μισθοῦ τὰ [[ἐπιτήδεια]] ἐργάζεσθαι Xen. работой (по найму) добывать средства к жизни; μισθοῦ στρατεύεσθαι Polyb. служить в войске наемником;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> вознаграждение, награда (τῷ δικαίῳ, τῆς ἀρετῆς Plat.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> возмездие, кара (ἀνδρὶ δυσσεβεῖ Eur.; ἀδικίας NT). | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">hire, pay, wages, reward, daily wages</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: Several compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μισθο-δό-της</b> m.. <b class="b2">who pays wages</b>, <b class="b3">-τέω</b>, <b class="b3">-σία</b> (Att.), comp. of <b class="b3">μισθὸν δοῦναι</b> with <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix, <b class="b3">μισθο-φορέω</b> <b class="b2">get wages</b> with <b class="b3">-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">who served for hire</b>, <b class="b3">-φορά</b> [[wages]]; <b class="b3">ἔμ-μισθος</b> <b class="b2">being paid</b> (Att.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut. <b class="b3">μισθάριον</b> (Hp., com., pap.), adj. <b class="b3">μίσθιος</b> [[hired]] (hell.) and the verb <b class="b3">μισθόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">hire for oneself</b>, act. [[hire]] (IA.) with several derivv.: <b class="b3">μίσθωμα</b> <b class="b2">rent, rent agreed</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">-ωμάτιον</b> (Alciphr.), <b class="b3">μίσθωσις</b> [[hiring]] (Att.), <b class="b3">-ώσιμος</b> <b class="b2">which can be hired</b> (Lex. ap. D.; Arbenz 66), <b class="b3">-ωσιμαῖος</b> (gloss.); <b class="b3">μισθωτός</b> (direct from <b class="b3">μισθός</b>?) <b class="b2">with hire, hired, hireling, mercenary</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ωτής</b> m. [[tenant]] (Att.), f. <b class="b3">-ώτρια</b> (Phryn. Com.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to rent</b> (Pl., pap.), <b class="b3">-ωτήριον</b> <b class="b2">meetingplace of the μισθωτοί</b> (Ephesos IIp, H. s. <b class="b3">ὄψ</b>' <b class="b3">ἦλθες</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [746] <b class="b2">*misdʰo-</b> [[salary]]<br />Etymology: Old name for an old idea, preserved also in Indo-Iranian, Germanic and Slavic: Skt. <b class="b2">mīḍhám</b> n. <b class="b2">price in a match, match</b>, Iran., e.g. Av. <b class="b2">mižda-</b> n. [[wages]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[mizdo]] f. [[wages]], NHG [[Miete]], Slav., e.g. OCS [[mьzda]], Russ. <b class="b2">mzdá</b> f. [[wages]], [[hire]], [[reward]], IE <b class="b2">*misdʰó-</b>. Undemonstrable further analysis by Specht Ursprung 249 f. Because of the fem. gender of the Germ. and Slav. words Meillet MSL 21, 111 considers <b class="b2">*mizdhó-</b> as old fem.; but then the change of gender in <b class="b3">μισθός</b> is remarkable; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 12, 210, Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2. -- In the sense of [[salary]] <b class="b3">μισθός</b> was since hellenism replaced by <b class="b3">ὀψώνιον</b> (Chantraine Études 25 f.). | |||
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