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ἵστημι: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">set, position oneself, make stand</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: Dor. <b class="b3">ἵσταμι</b>, med. <b class="b3">ἵσταμαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">στῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">στήσασθαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">στήσω</b> , aor. pass. <b class="b3">σταθῆναι</b> (Od.), fut. <b class="b3">σταθήσομαι</b> (Att.); intr. aor. <b class="b3">στῆναι</b> with fut. <b class="b3">στήσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἕστηκα</b>.<br />Compounds: Very often with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b> etc.<br />Derivatives: Several, partly inherited derivations are given s.v., s. <b class="b3">ἱστός</b>, <b class="b3">σταθμός</b>, <b class="b3">σταμῖνες</b>, <b class="b3">στάσις</b>, <b class="b3">στατήρ</b>, <b class="b3">στήλη</b>, <b class="b3">στήμων</b>, <b class="b3">στοά</b> etc.; s. also <b class="b3">στάμνος</b>, <b class="b3">σταυρός</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] <b class="b2">*steh₂-</b> -stand, set<br />Etymology: With the intr. athematic root aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b> agrees exactly Skt. <b class="b2">á-sthā-m</b>, IE <b class="b2">*h₁é-steh₂-m</b>. Beside it stands without agreement outside Greek already in Hom. a transitive <b class="b3">σ-</b>aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-σ-α</b> like <b class="b3">ἔ-φυ-σ-α</b> beside <b class="b3">ἔ-φυ-ν</b> a. o.; the intrans. future <b class="b3">στή-σομαι</b>, was originally built to <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b>, but was associated with the <b class="b3">σ-</b>aorist. Also the trans. reduplicated athematic present <b class="b3">ἵ-στη-μι</b> is limited to Greek; cf. <b class="b3">τί-θη-μι</b>, <b class="b3">ἵ-η-μι</b>, <b class="b3">βί-βη-μι</b>; both Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic have thematic formations, e. g. Skt. <b class="b2">tí-ṣṭh-ati</b> [[stands]] (<b class="b2">*-sth₂-e-ti</b>), Lat. <b class="b2">si-st-it</b> . The intr. perf. <b class="b3">ἕ-στη-κ-α</b>, pl. <b class="b3">ἕ-στα-μεν</b> is excep for the <b class="b3">κ-</b>enlargment old and represents together wiht Skt. <b class="b2">ta-stháu</b>, pl. <b class="b2">ta-sthi-má</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">ste-ti-mus</b> an IE perfect. Old is also the verbal adjective <b class="b3">στα-τός</b> (Il.) = Skt. <b class="b2">sthi-tá-</b> [[standing]], Lat. <b class="b2">sta-tus</b>, OWNo. <b class="b2">sta-ðr</b> stc, IE <b class="b2">*sth₂tos</b>. Details in Schwyzer 686f., 742, 755f., 762, 775f., 782. - Other IE forms are irrelevant for Greek (e. g. Lat. [[stō]] < <b class="b2">*stā-i̯ō</b> = Lith. <b class="b2">stō-ju</b>, OCS <b class="b2">sta-jǫ</b> , Germ., e. g. OS OHG [[stān]], [[stēn]] [[stehen]] after [[gān]], [[gēn]] [[gehen]]), see Bq, Pok. 1004ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[stō]] etc. S. also <b class="b3">ἱστάνω</b>. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">set, position oneself, make stand</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: Dor. <b class="b3">ἵσταμι</b>, med. <b class="b3">ἵσταμαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">στῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">στήσασθαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">στήσω</b> , aor. pass. <b class="b3">σταθῆναι</b> (Od.), fut. <b class="b3">σταθήσομαι</b> (Att.); intr. aor. <b class="b3">στῆναι</b> with fut. <b class="b3">στήσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἕστηκα</b>.<br />Compounds: Very often with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b> etc.<br />Derivatives: Several, partly inherited derivations are given s.v., s. <b class="b3">ἱστός</b>, <b class="b3">σταθμός</b>, <b class="b3">σταμῖνες</b>, <b class="b3">στάσις</b>, <b class="b3">στατήρ</b>, <b class="b3">στήλη</b>, <b class="b3">στήμων</b>, <b class="b3">στοά</b> etc.; s. also <b class="b3">στάμνος</b>, <b class="b3">σταυρός</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] <b class="b2">*steh₂-</b> -stand, set<br />Etymology: With the intr. athematic root aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b> agrees exactly Skt. <b class="b2">á-sthā-m</b>, IE <b class="b2">*h₁é-steh₂-m</b>. Beside it stands without agreement outside Greek already in Hom. a transitive <b class="b3">σ-</b>aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-σ-α</b> like <b class="b3">ἔ-φυ-σ-α</b> beside <b class="b3">ἔ-φυ-ν</b> a. o.; the intrans. future <b class="b3">στή-σομαι</b>, was originally built to <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b>, but was associated with the <b class="b3">σ-</b>aorist. Also the trans. reduplicated athematic present <b class="b3">ἵ-στη-μι</b> is limited to Greek; cf. <b class="b3">τί-θη-μι</b>, <b class="b3">ἵ-η-μι</b>, <b class="b3">βί-βη-μι</b>; both Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic have thematic formations, e. g. Skt. <b class="b2">tí-ṣṭh-ati</b> [[stands]] (<b class="b2">*-sth₂-e-ti</b>), Lat. <b class="b2">si-st-it</b> . The intr. perf. <b class="b3">ἕ-στη-κ-α</b>, pl. <b class="b3">ἕ-στα-μεν</b> is excep for the <b class="b3">κ-</b>enlargment old and represents together wiht Skt. <b class="b2">ta-stháu</b>, pl. <b class="b2">ta-sthi-má</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">ste-ti-mus</b> an IE perfect. Old is also the verbal adjective <b class="b3">στα-τός</b> (Il.) = Skt. <b class="b2">sthi-tá-</b> [[standing]], Lat. <b class="b2">sta-tus</b>, OWNo. <b class="b2">sta-ðr</b> stc, IE <b class="b2">*sth₂tos</b>. Details in Schwyzer 686f., 742, 755f., 762, 775f., 782. - Other IE forms are irrelevant for Greek (e. g. Lat. [[stō]] < <b class="b2">*stā-i̯ō</b> = Lith. <b class="b2">stō-ju</b>, OCS <b class="b2">sta-jǫ</b> , Germ., e. g. OS OHG [[stān]], [[stēn]] [[stehen]] after [[gān]], [[gēn]] [[gehen]]), see Bq, Pok. 1004ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[stō]] etc. S. also <b class="b3">ἱστάνω</b>. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[for σίστημι, redupl. from !στα]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> Causal Tenses, to make to [[stand]], Lat. [[sisto]],<br /><b class="num">II.</b> intr. to [[stand]], Lat. sto,<br />A. Causal, to make to [[stand]], set, Hom., etc.:— to set men in [[array]], [[post]] them, Il., Xen.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to make to [[stand]], [[stop]], [[stay]], [[check]], Hom., etc.; [[στῆσαι]] τὴν φάλαγγα to [[halt]] it, Xen.; στ. τὰ ὄμματα to fix them, of a [[dying]] man, Plat.; ἵ. τὸ [[πρόσωπον]], Lat. componere [[vultum]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to set up, ἱστ. [[ἱστόν]] to set up the [[loom]], or to [[raise]] the [[mast]], Hom.; to [[raise]] buildings, statues, trophies, etc., Hdt., [[attic]]; ἱστάναι τινὰ [[χαλκοῦν]] to set him up in [[brass]], [[raise]] a brasen [[statue]] to him, Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[raise]], [[rouse]], [[stir]] up, Hom., etc.; φυλόπιδα στήσειν to [[stir]] up [[strife]], Od.; in aor1 mid., στήσασθαι μάχην Od.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to set up, [[appoint]], τινὰ [[βασιλέα]] Hdt.; Pass., ὁ σταθεὶς [[ὕπαρχος]] Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[establish]], [[institute]] a [[festival]], Hdt., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> to [[place]] in the [[balance]], [[weigh]], Il., etc.; ἱστάναι τι πρός τι to [[weigh]] one [[thing]] [[against]] [[another]], Hdt.<br />B. Pass. and intr. tenses of Act. to be set or placed, to [[stand]], Hom.:—often [[merely]] for [[εἶναι]], to be [[there]], Od., etc.; with an adv. to be in a [[certain]] [[state]] or [[condition]], ἵνα χρείας [[ἕσταμεν]] in [[what]] a [[state]] of [[need]] we are, Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to lie, be [[situated]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[stand]] [[still]], [[stop]], [[halt]], Hom.: to [[stand]] [[idle]], Il.: to [[stop]], [[cease]], be at [[rest]], Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> metaph. to [[stand]] [[firm]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to [[stand]] up, [[rise]] up, Il.; of a [[horse]], ἵστασθαι [[ὀρθός]] to [[rear]] up, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[arise]], [[begin]], Il.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in marking [[Time]], ἔαρος ἱσταμένοιο as [[spring]] was [[beginning]], Od.; [[ἕβδομος]] ἑστήκει [[μείς]] the [[seventh]] [[month]] began, Il.; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο as one [[month]] ends and the [[next]] begins, Od.; the [[month]] in Hom. [[being]] divided [[into]] two parts, ἱστάμενος and φθίνων; but in the [[attic]] Calendar, it [[fell]] [[into]] [[three]] decads, ἱστάμενος, μεσῶν, φθίνων, Hdt., Thuc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to be appointed, [[στῆναι]] ἐς [[ἀρχήν]] Hdt. | |||
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